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Zu X, Xin J, Xie H, Xu X, Shen Y, Wang J, Tian S, Wen Y, Li H, Yang J, Fang Y. Characteristics of gut microbiota and metabolic phenotype in patients with major depressive disorder based on multi-omics analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:563-576. [PMID: 37863362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a chronic, relapsing mental illness, often accompanied by loss of appetite, increased fatigue, insomnia and poor concentration. Here, we performed serum and urine metabolomics and fecal 16S rDNA sequencing studies on 57 unmedicated patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 57 healthy controls to characterize the metabolic and flora profile of MDD patients. We observed significant differences in serum and urinary metabolome between MDD patients and healthy individuals. Specifically, glycerophospholipid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism were significantly disordered in serum, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, arginine biosynthesis, purine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism were significantly impaired in urine. On this basis, we identified four potential diagnostic biomarkers for carnitine and four fatty acid classes in serum and urine, respectively. In addition, we observed significant disturbances of the gut microbiota in MDD patients. Spearman correlation analysis showed that imbalances in the gut microbiota were associated with metabolic disturbances, suggesting an important role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of MDD. Our study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding of the pathogenesis of depression and for future clinical diagnosis and screening, as well as a basis for targeting the gut flora to optimize its structure for the prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiayun Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Haisheng Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xike Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunheng Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Saisai Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yukun Wen
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Research, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, China.
| | - Jishun Yang
- Medical Security Center, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yiqun Fang
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Research, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Al-saeedi F, Rajendran P. 13-cis-Retinoic Acid Affects Brain Perfusion and Function: In Vivo Study. Mol Imaging 2023; 2023:1-11. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/7855924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Study the effects of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-RA), a synthetic analogue of a vitamin A used for the treatment of severe acne, on the blood flow in the rat brain using technetium-99m hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) imaging. Methods. A total of 30 adult male Wistar rats were divided into the control (C), low-dose (L), and high-dose (H) groups. The L and H rats were exposed subcutaneously to 0.3 and 0.5 mg, respectively, of 13-RA per kg of body weight for seven days. Brain blood flow imaging was performed using a gamma camera. Then, a region of interest (ROI) around the brain (target, T), a whole-body region (WB), and a background region (BG) was selected and delimited. The net 99mTc-HMPAO brain counts were calculated as the net target counts,
in all groups. At the end of the 99mTc-HMPAO brain blood flow imaging, the brain, heart, kidney, lung, and liver were rapidly removed, and their uptake was determined. Brain histopathological analysis was performed using hematoxylin and eosin stains. In addition, the plasma fatty acids were studied using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results. There were highly significant differences between L and H in comparison to C and across the groups. The 99mTc-HMPAO radioactivity in the brain showed increased uptake in a dose-dependent manner. There were also significant changes in the brain tissues and decreased free fatty acids among the groups compared to C. Conclusion. 13-RA increases 99mTcHMPAO brain perfusion, uptake, and function and reduces fatty acids.
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Dylla L, Higgins HM, Piper C, Poisson SN, Herson PS, Monte AA. Sex as a biological variable in determining the metabolic changes influencing acute ischemic stroke outcomes-Where is the data: A systematic review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1026431. [PMID: 36504643 PMCID: PMC9729945 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1026431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Women continue to face a greater lifetime morbidity and mortality from stroke and have been shown to respond differently to stroke treatments compared to men. Since 2016, updated National Institutes of Health (NIH) policies require research studies to consider sex as a biological variable. However, the way in which this policy affects study design, analysis, and reporting is variable, with few studies performing and reporting a subgroup analysis based on biological sex. In acute ischemic stroke, the underlying biological explanation for sex-based differences in patient outcomes and response to treatments remains understudied. We performed a systematic review of preclinical and clinical research studies that explored sex differences in the metabolic response to acute ischemic stroke as it relates to neurological outcomes. Through a literature search in Ovid Medline, Embase, and Web of Science, 1,004 potential references were identified for screening. After abstract and full-text review, we identified only two studies which assessed metabolic response to acute ischemic stroke (within 72 h of last known well) and neurological outcome [Barthel Index, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) or an equivalent in preclinical models] and reported results based on biological sex. One article was a preclinical rat model and the other a clinical cohort study. In both studies, metabolites involved in amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, fat metabolism, or oxidative stress were identified. We review these results and link to additional articles that use metabolomics to identify metabolites differentially expressed by sex or regulated based on stroke outcomes, but not both. The results of this systematic review should not only help identify targets in need of further investigation to improve the understanding of sex differences in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke, but also highlight the critical need to expand the incorporation of sex as a biological variable in acute stroke research beyond simply including both sexes and reporting the proportion of males/females in each population studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layne Dylla
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hannah M. Higgins
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christi Piper
- Strauss Health Sciences Library, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sharon N. Poisson
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Paco S. Herson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Andrew A. Monte
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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