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Kudryavtseva V, Sukhorukov GB. Features of Anisotropic Drug Delivery Systems. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2307675. [PMID: 38158786 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Natural materials are anisotropic. Delivery systems occurring in nature, such as viruses, blood cells, pollen, and many others, do have anisotropy, while delivery systems made artificially are mostly isotropic. There is apparent complexity in engineering anisotropic particles or capsules with micron and submicron sizes. Nevertheless, some promising examples of how to fabricate particles with anisotropic shapes or having anisotropic chemical and/or physical properties are developed. Anisotropy of particles, once they face biological systems, influences their behavior. Internalization by the cells, flow in the bloodstream, biodistribution over organs and tissues, directed release, and toxicity of particles regardless of the same chemistry are all reported to be factors of anisotropy of delivery systems. Here, the current methods are reviewed to introduce anisotropy to particles or capsules, including loading with various therapeutic cargo, variable physical properties primarily by anisotropic magnetic properties, controlling directional motion, and making Janus particles. The advantages of combining different anisotropy in one entity for delivery and common problems and limitations for fabrication are under discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Kudryavtseva
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Gleb B Sukhorukov
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russia
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2
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Yang J, Shi X, Kuang Y, Wei R, Feng L, Chen J, Wu X. Cell-nanocarrier drug delivery system: a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:581-596. [PMID: 37721694 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Tumor targeting has been a great challenge for drug delivery systems. A number of nanotechnology-derived drug carriers have been developed for cancer treatment to improve efficacy and biocompatibility. Among them, the emergence of cell-nanocarriers has attracted great attention, which simulates cell function and has good biocompatibility. They can also escape the clearance of reticuloendothelial system, showing a long-cycle effect. The inherent tumor migration and tumor homing ability of cells increase their significance as tumor-targeting vectors. In this review, we focus on the combination of stem cells, immune cells, red blood cells, and cell membranes to nanocarriers, which enable chemotherapy agents to efficiently target lesion sites and improve drug distribution while being low toxic and safe. In addition, we discuss the pros and cons of these nanoparticles as well as the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. Although research to address these limitations is still ongoing, this promising tumor-targeted drug delivery system will provide a safe and effective platform against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefen Yang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongxi Shi
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanting Kuang
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, China
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 5, Xinhua Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruting Wei
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanni Feng
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Wu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Berikkhanova K, Taigulov E, Bokebaev Z, Kusainov A, Tanysheva G, Yedrissov A, Seredin G, Baltabayeva T, Zhumadilov Z. Drug-loaded erythrocytes: Modern approaches for advanced drug delivery for clinical use. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23451. [PMID: 38192824 PMCID: PMC10772586 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Scientific organizations worldwide are striving to create drug delivery systems that provide a high local concentration of a drug in pathological tissue without side effects on healthy organs in the body. Important physiological properties of red blood cells (RBCs), such as frequent renewal ability, good oxygen carrying ability, unique shape and membrane flexibility, allow them to be used as natural carriers of drugs in the body. Erythrocyte carriers derived from autologous blood are even more promising drug delivery systems due to their immunogenic compatibility, safety, natural uniqueness, simple preparation, biodegradability and convenience of use in clinical practice. This review is focused on the achievements in the clinical application of targeted drug delivery systems based on osmotic methods of loading RBCs, with an emphasis on advancements in their industrial production. This article describes the basic methods used for encapsulating drugs into erythrocytes, key strategic approaches to the clinical use of drug-loaded erythrocytes obtained by hypotonic hemolysis. Moreover, clinical trials of erythrocyte carriers for the targeted delivery are discussed. This article explores the recent advancements and engineering approaches employed in the encapsulation of erythrocytes through hypotonic hemolysis methods, as well as the most promising inventions in this field. There is currently a shortage of reviews focused on the automation of drug loading into RBCs; therefore, our work fills this gap. Finally, further prospects for the development of engineering and technological solutions for the automatic production of drug-loaded RBCs were studied. Automated devices have the potential to provide the widespread production of RBC-encapsulated therapeutic drugs and optimize the process of targeted drug delivery in the body. Furthermore, they can expedite the widespread introduction of this innovative treatment method into clinical practice, thereby significantly expanding the effectiveness of treatment in both surgery and all areas of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulzhan Berikkhanova
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Erlan Taigulov
- University Medical Center, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
- Astana Medical University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanybek Bokebaev
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
- Astana Medical University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aidar Kusainov
- Semey State Medical University, Semey, 071400, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Azamat Yedrissov
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - German Seredin
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Tolkyn Baltabayeva
- Scientific-Production Center of Transfusiology, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhaxybay Zhumadilov
- Departament of Surgery, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
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Lei P, Yu H, Ma J, Du J, Fang Y, Yang Q, Zhang K, Luo L, Jin L, Wu W, Sun D. Cell membrane nanomaterials composed of phospholipids and glycoproteins for drug delivery in inflammatory bowel disease: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126000. [PMID: 37532186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a serious chronic intestinal disorder with an increasing global incidence. However, current treatment strategies, such as anti-inflammatory drugs and probiotics, have limitations in terms of safety, stability, and effectiveness. The emergence of targeted nanoparticles has revolutionized IBD treatment by enhancing the biological properties of drugs and promoting efficiency and safety. Unlike synthetic nanoparticles, cell membrane nanomaterials (CMNs) consist primarily of biological macromolecules, including phospholipids, proteins, and sugars. CMNs include red blood cell membranes, macrophage membranes, and leukocyte membranes, which possess abundant glycoprotein receptors and ligands on their surfaces, allowing for the formation of cell-to-cell connections with other biological macromolecules. Consequently, they exhibit superior cell affinity, evade immune responses, and target inflammation effectively, making them ideal material for targeted delivery of IBD therapies. This review explores various CMNs delivery systems for IBD treatment. However, due to the complexity and harsh nature of the intestinal microenvironment, the lack of flexibility or loss of selectivity poses challenges in designing single CMNs delivery strategies. Therefore, we propose a hierarchically programmed delivery modality that combines CMNs with pH, charge, ROS and ligand-modified responsive nanoparticles. This approach significantly improves delivery efficiency and points the way for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Lei
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiao Du
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yimeng Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qinsi Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Li Luo
- Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, China
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Hamadani CM, Dasanayake GS, Chism CM, Gorniak ME, Monroe WG, Merrell A, Pride MC, Heintz R, Wong K, Hossain M, Taylor G, Edgecomb SX, Jones D, Dhar J, Banka A, Singh G, Vashisth P, Randall J, Darlington DS, Everett J, Jarrett E, Werfel TA, Eniola-Adefeso O, Tanner EEL. Selective Blood Cell Hitchhiking in Whole Blood with Ionic Liquid-Coated PLGA Nanoparticles to Redirect Biodistribution After Intravenous Injection. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3146716. [PMID: 37502854 PMCID: PMC10371090 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3146716/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Less than 5% of intravenously-injected nanoparticles (NPs) reach destined sites in the body due to opsonization and immune-based clearance in vascular circulation. By hitchhiking in situ onto specific blood components post-injection, NPs can selectively target tissue sites for unprecedentedly high drug delivery rates. Choline carboxylate ionic liquids (ILs) are biocompatible liquid salts <100X composed of bulky asymmetric cations and anions. This class of ILs has been previously shown to significantly extend circulation time and redirect biodistribution in BALB/c mice post-IV injection via hitchhiking on red blood cell (RBC) membranes. Herein, we synthesized & screened 60 choline carboxylic acid-based ILs to coat PLGA NPs and present the impact of structurally engineering the coordinated anion identity to selectively interface and hitchhike lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, platelets, and RBCs in whole mouse blood for in situ targeted drug delivery. Furthermore, we find this nanoparticle platform to be biocompatible (non-cytotoxic), translate to human whole blood by resisting serum uptake and maintaining modest hitchhiking, and also significantly extend circulation retention over 24 hours in BALB/c healthy adult mice after IV injection. Because of their altered circulation profiles, we additionally observe dramatically different organ accumulation profiles compared to bare PLGA NPs. This study establishes an initial breakthrough platform for a modular and transformative targeting technology to hitchhike onto blood components with high efficacy and safety in the bloodstream post-IV administration.
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Bianchi M, Rossi L, Pierigè F, Biagiotti S, Bregalda A, Tasini F, Magnani M. Preclinical and clinical developments in enzyme-loaded red blood cells: an update. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:921-935. [PMID: 37249524 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2219890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have previously described the preclinical developments in enzyme-loaded red blood cells to be used in the treatment of several rare diseases, as well as in chronic conditions. AREA COVERED Since our previous publication we have seen further progress in the previously discussed approaches and, interestingly enough, in additional new studies that further strengthen the idea that red blood cell-based therapeutics may have unique advantages over conventional enzyme replacement therapies in terms of efficacy and safety. Here we highlight these investigations and compare, when possible, the reported results versus the current therapeutic approaches. EXPERT OPINION The continuous increase in the number of new potential applications and the progress from the encapsulation of a single enzyme to the engineering of an entire metabolic pathway open the field to unexpected developments and confirm the role of red blood cells as cellular bioreactors that can be conveniently manipulated to acquire useful therapeutic metabolic abilities. Positioning of these new approaches versus newly approved drugs is essential for the successful transition of this technology from the preclinical to the clinical stage and hopefully to final approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Bianchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Luigia Rossi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
- EryDel SpA, Bresso, MI, Italy
| | - Francesca Pierigè
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Sara Biagiotti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bregalda
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Filippo Tasini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
- EryDel SpA, Bresso, MI, Italy
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Chao CJ, Zhang E, Zhao Z. Engineering cells for precision drug delivery: New advances, clinical translation, and emerging strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114840. [PMID: 37088403 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Cells have emerged as a promising new form of drug delivery carriers owing to their distinguished advantages such as naturally bypassing immune recognition, intrinsic capability to navigate biological barriers, and access to hard-to-reach tissues via onboarding sensing and active motility. Over the past two decades, a large body of work has focused on understanding the ability of cell carriers to breach biological barriers and to modulate drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. These efforts have led to the engineering of various cells for tissue-specific drug delivery. Despite exciting advances, clinical translation of cell-based drug carriers demands a thorough understanding of the pressing challenges and potential strategies to overcome them. Here, we summarize recent advances and new concepts in cell-based drug carriers and their clinical translation. We also discuss key considerations and emerging strategies to engineering the next-generation cell-based delivery technologies for more precise, targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jia Chao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Endong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zongmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Translational Oncology Program, University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612.
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Zangi AR, Amiri A, Borzouee F, Bagherifar R, Pazooki P, Hamishehkar H, Javadzadeh Y. Immobilized nanoparticles-mediated enzyme therapy; promising way into clinical development. Discov Nano 2023; 18:55. [PMID: 37382752 PMCID: PMC10409955 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme (Enz)-mediated therapy indicated a remarkable effect in the treatment of many human cancers and diseases with an insight into clinical phases. Because of insufficient immobilization (Imb) approach and ineffective carrier, Enz therapeutic exhibits low biological efficacy and bio-physicochemical stability. Although efforts have been made to remove the limitations mentioned in clinical trials, efficient Imb-destabilization and modification of nanoparticles (NPs) remain challenging. NP internalization through insufficient membrane permeability, precise endosomal escape, and endonuclease protection following release are the primary development approaches. In recent years, innovative manipulation of the material for Enz immobilization (EI) fabrication and NP preparation has enabled nanomaterial platforms to improve Enz therapeutic outcomes and provide low-diverse clinical applications. In this review article, we examine recent advances in EI approaches and emerging views and explore the impact of Enz-mediated NPs on clinical therapeutic outcomes with at least diverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rajabi Zangi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ala Amiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Borzouee
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rafieh Bagherifar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouya Pazooki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, 5166-15731, Iran
| | - Yousef Javadzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, 5166-15731, Iran.
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Valizadeh Harzand F, Mousavi Nejad SN, Babapoor A, Mousavi SM, Hashemi SA, Gholami A, Chiang W, Buonomenna MG, Lai CW. Recent Advances in Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Asymmetric Membranes/Composites for Biomedical Applications. Symmetry (Basel) 2023; 15:403. [DOI: 10.3390/sym15020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of porous crystalline materials composed of metal and organic material. MOFs have fascinating properties, such as fine tunability, large specific surface area, and high porosity. MOFs are widely used for environmental protection, biosensors, regenerative medicine, medical engineering, cell therapy, catalysts, and drug delivery. Recent studies have reported various significant properties of MOFs for biomedical applications, such as drug detection and delivery. In contrast, MOFs have limitations such as low stability and low specificity in binding to the target. MOF-based membranes improve the stability and specificity of conventional MOFs by increasing the surface area and developing the possibility of MOF-ligand binding, while conjugated membranes dramatically increase the area of active functional groups. This special property makes them attractive for drug and biosensor fabrication, as both the spreading and solubility components of the porosity can be changed. Asymmetric membranes are a structure with high potential in the biomedical field, due to the different characteristics on its two surfaces, the possibility of adjusting various properties such as the size of porosity, transfer rate and selectivity, and surface properties such as hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. MOF assisted asymmetric membranes can provide a platform with different properties and characteristics in the biomedical field. The latest version of MOF materials/membranes has several potential applications, especially in medical engineering, cell therapy, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine, which will be discussed in this review, along with their advantages, disadvantages, and challenges.
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Yedgar S, Barshtein G, Gural A. Hemolytic Activity of Nanoparticles as a Marker of Their Hemocompatibility. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:mi13122091. [PMID: 36557391 PMCID: PMC9783501 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential use of nanomaterials in medicine offers opportunities for novel therapeutic approaches to treating complex disorders. For that reason, a new branch of science, named nanotoxicology, which aims to study the dangerous effects of nanomaterials on human health and on the environment, has recently emerged. However, the toxicity and risk associated with nanomaterials are unclear or not completely understood. The development of an adequate experimental strategy for assessing the toxicity of nanomaterials may include a rapid/express method that will reliably, quickly, and cheaply make an initial assessment. One possibility is the characterization of the hemocompatibility of nanomaterials, which includes their hemolytic activity as a marker. In this review, we consider various factors affecting the hemolytic activity of nanomaterials and draw the reader's attention to the fact that the formation of a protein corona around a nanoparticle can significantly change its interaction with the red cell. This leads us to suggest that the nanomaterial hemolytic activity in the buffer does not reflect the situation in the blood plasma. As a recommendation, we propose studying the hemocompatibility of nanomaterials under more physiologically relevant conditions, in the presence of plasma proteins in the medium and under mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Yedgar
- Department of Biochemistry, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Gregory Barshtein
- Department of Biochemistry, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Alexander Gural
- Blood Bank, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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11
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Chen W, Cheng H, Xia W. Progress in the Surface Functionalization of Selenium Nanoparticles and Their Potential Application in Cancer Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1965. [PMID: 36290687 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As an essential micronutrient, selenium participates in numerous life processes and plays a key role in human health. In the past decade, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have attracted great attention due to their excellent functionality for potential applications in pharmaceuticals. However, the utilization of SeNPs has been restricted by their instability and low targeting ability. Since the existing reviews mainly focused on the applications of SeNPs, this review highlights the synthesis of SeNPs and the strategies to improve their stability and targeting ability through surface functionalization. In addition, the utilization of functionalized SeNPs for the single and co-delivery of drugs or genes to achieve the combination of therapy are also presented, with the emphasis on the potential mechanism. The current challenges and prospects of functionalized SeNPs are also summarized. This review may provide valuable information for the design of novel functionalized SeNPs and promote their future application in cancer therapy.
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