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Gao H, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Wang Z, Yan K, Gao B, Zhang L. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Multiple Exercise-Regulated Bone Homeostasis. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1555-1582. [PMID: 37196112 PMCID: PMC10529750 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a tissue that is active throughout the lifespan, and its physiological activities, such as growth, development, absorption, and formation, are always ongoing. All types of stimulation that occur in sports play an important role in regulating the physiological activities of bone. Here, we track the latest research progress locally and abroad, summarize the recent, relevant research results, and systematically summarize the effects of different types of exercise on bone mass, bone strength and bone metabolism. We found that different types of exercise have different effects on bone health due to their unique technical characteristics. Oxidative stress is an important mechanism mediating the exercise regulation of bone homeostasis. Excessive high-intensity exercise does not benefit bone health but induces a high level of oxidative stress in the body, which has a negative impact on bone tissue. Regular moderate exercise can improve the body's antioxidant defense ability, inhibit an excessive oxidative stress response, promote the positive balance of bone metabolism, delay age-related bone loss and deterioration of bone microstructures and have a prevention and treatment effect on osteoporosis caused by many factors. Based on the above findings, we provide evidence for the role of exercise in the prevention and treatment of bone diseases. This study provides a systematic basis for clinicians and professionals to reasonably formulate exercise prescriptions and provides exercise guidance for patients and the general public. This study also provides a reference for follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Gao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilong Zhao
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhikun Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- College of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Bagherzadeh-Rahmani B, Kordi N, Haghighi AH, Clark CC, Brazzi L, Marzetti E, Gentil P. Eight Weeks of Pilates Training Improves Respiratory Measures in People With a History of COVID-19: A Preliminary Study. Sports Health 2023; 15:710-717. [PMID: 36189824 PMCID: PMC10467481 DOI: 10.1177/19417381221124601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can result in prolonged and severe damage to the lungs and quality of life (QoL). This study was designed to investigate the effects of 8-week Pilates and Aqua-Pilates training on pulmonary function and QoL in patients with COVID-19. HYPOTHESIS Pilates and Aqua-Pilates training promotes similar changes on pulmonary function and QoL in people with a history of COVID-19. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS A total of 45 participants (24 men and 21 women) with a history of COVID-19 were assigned randomly to 3 groups: Pilates training (standard Pilates), Aqua-Pilates training (Pilates in water), and Control. The training protocol was performed for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and the ratio of FEV1 to the FVC (FEV1/FVC) indices were measured by a spirometer. The 26-item questionnaire World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) BREF was used to assess QoL. Data were analyzed using paired-sample t test and analysis of covariance with an alpha level <0.05. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 49.9 ± 6.4 years. After 8 weeks of Pilates and Aqua-Pilates training, there were significant increases in FVC (21.4% for Pilates and 22.1% for Aqua-Pilates, P < 0.05), FEV1 (32.3% for Pilates and 34.7% for Aqua-Pilates, P < 0.05), and FEV1/FVC% (9% for Pilates and 10.3% for Aqua-Pilates, P < 0.05) for the experimental groups, but not for control. Changes for Pilates and Acqua-Pilates were significantly higher than for control. The QoL scores were significantly different within and between the experimental groups, with greater improvements in the Aqua Pilates group than in the Pilates group. CONCLUSION An 8-week Pilates or Aqua-Pilates training can improve pulmonary function as much as 34%, depending on the parameter, and QoL in people with a history of COVID-19. Aqua-Pilates training appears to be preferable to standard Pilates. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings provide important insights into how healthcare professionals can prescribe exercise for COVID-19 survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Bagherzadeh-Rahmani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Negin Kordi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Haghighi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Cain C.T. Clark
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Luca Brazzi
- Anestesia e Rianimaizone 1U, Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, ‘Città della Salute e della Scienza’ Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Brazil
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Metz VR, Scapini KB, Dias Gomes AL, Andrade RM, Brech GC, Alonso AC. Effects of pilates on physical-functional performance, quality of life and mood in older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2021; 28:502-512. [PMID: 34776186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the effects of pilates on physical-functional aspects and quality of life of older adults. METHODS We included randomized clinical trials whose participants were older adults, whose intervention was pilates exercises and that used a control group for comparison. The primary outcomes were balance, muscle strength, quality of life. Secondary outcomes were mood, autonomy, and flexibility. The searches were performed in the electronic databases Pubmed, Web of Science, LILACS, Cochrane Library and EMBASE, using terms from MeSH: Aged, elderly, Pilates-Based Exercises, Pilates Training, Pilates, Mat Pilates, Equipment-based Pilates, and synonyms, in May 2020. The meta-analysis, when possible, was performed using the mean and standard deviation values of the groups after the intervention period using the random effects model. RESULTS The search rendered 1639 studies, of which 28 articles corresponding to 24 ECRs (897 individuals) were included, most of the studies involved a female population. A meta-analysis was performed only in the balance variable, through the Berg Scale (three RCTs), where there were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups (2.06-95% CI: 1.31, 5.44, I2: 91%), and it was evaluated by the TUG (six RCTs), which showed a reduction of 0.92 seconds in the protocol execution (95% CI: 1.67, -0.17, I2: 62%). CONCLUSION This review demonstrate that the practice of pilates by older adults may have positive effects on some of the outcomes evaluated, these results should be interpreted with caution (methodological heterogeneity and a part present high risk of bias).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Raquel Metz
- Graduate Program in Aging Sciences from the University Sao Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia Bilhar Scapini
- Graduate Program in Aging Sciences from the University Sao Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lorena Dias Gomes
- Graduate Program in Aging Sciences from the University Sao Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Carlos Brech
- Graduate Program in Aging Sciences from the University Sao Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory Study of Movement, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Do Hospital Das Clínicas (IOT-HC), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Angélica Castilho Alonso
- Graduate Program in Aging Sciences from the University Sao Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory Study of Movement, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Do Hospital Das Clínicas (IOT-HC), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Fernández-Rodríguez R, Alvarez-Bueno C, Reina-Gutiérrez S, Torres-Costoso A, Nuñez de Arenas-Arroyo S, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Effectiveness of Pilates and Yoga to improve bone density in adult women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251391. [PMID: 33961670 PMCID: PMC8104420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ageing population brings about the appearance of age-related health disorders, such as osteoporosis or osteopenia. These disorders are associated with fragility fractures. The impact is greater among postmenopausal women due to an acceleration of bone mineral density (BMD) loss. OBJECTIVE To estimate the effectiveness of Pilates or Yoga on BMD in adult women. METHODS Five electronics databases were searched up to April 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs and pre-post studies were included. The main outcome was BMD. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A random effects model was used to pool data from primary studies. Subgroup analyses based on the type of exercise were conducted. RESULTS Eleven studies including 591 participants aged between 45 and 78 years were included. The mean length of the interventions ranged from 12 to 32 weeks, and two studies were performed for a period of at least one year. The pooled effect size for the effect of the intervention (Pilates/Yoga) vs the control group was 0.07 (95% Confidence interval [CI]: -0.05 to 0.19; I2 = 0.0%), and 0.10 (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.18; I2 = 18.4%) for the secondary analysis of the pre-post intervention. CONCLUSIONS Despite of the non-significant results, the BMD maintenance in the postmenopausal population, when BMD detrimental is expected, could be understood as a positive result added to the beneficial impact of Pilates-Yoga in multiple fracture risk factors, including but not limited to, strength and balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Movi-Fitness S.L, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Celia Alvarez-Bueno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Sara Reina-Gutiérrez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Ana Torres-Costoso
- Escuela de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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Silva TR, Lago SC, Yavorivski A, Ferreira LL, Fighera TM, Spritzer PM. Effects of high protein, low-glycemic index diet on lean body mass, strength, and physical performance in late postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:307-17. [PMID: 33201025 DOI: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether increasing protein consumption to twice the recommended daily allowance (RDA) by The Institute of Medicine affects lean body mass (LBM), muscle strength, and physical performance in late postmenopausal women. METHODS Parallel-group randomized trial with 26 apparently healthy women aged ≥ 65 years. Participants were randomly assigned to low-glycemic index diets with protein consumption at current RDA (0.8 g/kg body weight) or twice the RDA (2RDA, 1.6 g/kg body weight). Protein intake was assessed by 24-hours urinary nitrogen excretion. Change in LBM was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 3 and 6 months. Secondary outcomes were appendicular lean mass, handgrip strength by dynamometry, and physical performance by gait speed. RESULTS Mean age was 70.8 ± 3.6 years, and mean BMI was 26.1 ± 3.5 kg/m2 in the overall sample. The RDA and 2RDA groups did not differ regarding baseline dietary intake. Changes from baseline in LBM (0.07 kg; 95% CI, -0.39; 0.52 kg; P = 0.100) and appendicular lean mass (0.07 kg; 95% CI, -0.34; 0.47 kg; P = 0.100) did not differ between the groups. Total body fat (-1.41 kg; 95% CI, -2.62; 0.20 kg; P = 0.019) and trunk fat mass (-0.90 kg; 95% CI, -1.55; -0.24 kg; P = 0.005) decreased similarly in both groups at the end of intervention. Adjusting for baseline BMI did not alter these findings. Handgrip strength and 4-m gait speed increased after the intervention, with no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Protein intake exceeding the RDA did not increase LBM, strength, and physical performance in a sample of late postmenopausal woman consuming a low-glycemic index diet for 6 months.
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