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Vasilopoulos S, Giannenas I, Mellidou I, Stylianaki I, Antonopoulou E, Tzora A, Skoufos I, Athanassiou CG, Papadopoulos E, Fortomaris P. Diet replacement with whole insect larvae affects intestinal morphology and microbiota of broiler chickens. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6836. [PMID: 38514719 PMCID: PMC10957974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Insect-based diets are gaining interest as potential ingredients in improving poultry gut health. This study assessed the dietary treatment with whole dried Tenebrio molitor larvae (TM) on broiler chickens' gut microbiota and morphology. 120 Ross-308 broilers received treated diets with 5% (TM5) and 10% (TM10) replacement ratio in a 35-day trial. Intestinal histomorphometry was assessed, as well as claudin-3 expression pattern and ileal and caecal digesta for microbial community diversity. Null hypothesis was tested with two-way ANOVA considering the intestinal segment and diet as main factors. The TM5 group presented higher villi in the duodenum and ileum compared to the other two (P < 0.001), while treated groups showed shallower crypts in the duodenum (P < 0.001) and deeper in the jejunum and ileum than the control (P < 0.001). Treatments increased the caecal Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and led to significant changes at the genus level. While Lactobacilli survived in the caecum, a significant reduction was evident in the ileum of both groups, mainly owed to L. aviarius. Staphylococci and Methanobrevibacter significantly increased in the ileum of the TM5 group. Results suggest that dietary supplementation with whole dried TM larvae has no adverse effect on the intestinal epithelium formation and positively affects bacterial population richness and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Vasilopoulos
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece.
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Ifigeneia Mellidou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, 57001, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Stylianaki
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Efthimia Antonopoulou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Athina Tzora
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100, Arta, Greece
| | - Ioannis Skoufos
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100, Arta, Greece
| | - Christos G Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446, N. Ionia, Volos, Greece
| | - Elias Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Fortomaris
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece
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Guo R, Zeng T, Wang D, Zhao A, Zhou S, Huang Z, Chang Y, Sun H, Gu T, Chen L, Tian Y, Xu W, Lu L. Comparative analysis of the hypothalamus transcriptome of laying ducks with different residual feeding intake. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103355. [PMID: 38228061 PMCID: PMC10823070 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Feed costs account for approximately 60 to 70% of the cost of poultry farming, and feed utilization is closely related to the profitability of the poultry industry. To understand the causes of the differences in feeding in Shan Partridge ducks, we compared the hypothalamus transcriptome profiles of 2 groups of ducks using RNA-seq. The 2 groups were: 1) low-residual feed intake (LRFI) group with low feed intake but high feed efficiency, and 2) high-residual feed intake (HRFI) group with high feed intake but low feed efficiency. We found 78 DEGs were enriched in 9 differential Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathways, including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, GABAergic synapse, nitrogen metabolism, cAMP signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, nitrogen metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, ovarian steroidogenesis, and gluconeogenesis. To further identify core genes among the 78 DEGs, we performed protein-protein interaction and coexpression network analyses. After comprehensive analysis and experimental validation, 4 core genes, namely, glucagon (GCG), cholecystokinin (CCK), gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit delta (GABRD), and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit beta1 (GABRB1), were identified as potential core genes responsible for the difference in residual feeding intake between the 2 breeds. We also investigated the level of cholecystokinin (CCK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY), ghrelin, and glucagon-like peptide1 (GLP-1) hormones in the sera of Shan Partridge ducks at different feeding levels and found that there was a difference between the 2 groups with respect to GLP-1 and NPY levels. The findings will serve as a reference for future research on the feeding efficiency of Shan Partridge ducks and assist in promoting their genetic breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbing Guo
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Ayong Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shiheng Zhou
- Cherry Valley Agricultural Technology Co. Ltd., Zhoukou 461300, China
| | - Zhizhou Huang
- Cherry Valley Agricultural Technology Co. Ltd., Zhoukou 461300, China
| | - Yuguang Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Hanxue Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Tiantian Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wenwu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Savvidou S, Panteli N, Dotas V, Symeon G, Galamatis D, Panitsidis I, Voutsinou E, Tatidou C, Kumar P, Antonopoulou E, Michailidis G, Giannenas I. Dietary Supplementation with Pomegranate and Onion Affects Lipid and Protein Oxidation in the Breast Meat, Thigh, and Liver, Cellular Stress Protein Responses, and Gene Expression of Liver Enzymes Involved in Protein Synthesis in Broilers. Foods 2023; 12:3870. [PMID: 37893762 PMCID: PMC10606836 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with extracts of pomegranate (Punica granatum) and onion (Allium cepa), either encapsulated in cyclodextrin (POMALCD group) or in an aqueous (POMALAQ group) form, on breast meat, thigh meat, and liver composition, oxidative stability, cellular signaling pathways, and the gene expression of certain hepatic genes. The results showed that breast and thigh meat contained significantly (p < 0.05) higher moisture content in the group with the aqueous extract, compared to the control and POMALCD groups. Moreover, the protein content was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the thigh and liver samples of the treated groups in comparison to the control. The iron-induced challenge deteriorated (p < 0.001) the lipid and protein oxidative status of the control group, whereas both supplemented groups showed considerable tolerance in all tissues. The supplementation of pomegranate and onion extracts mitigated or maintained heat shock protein (HSP) levels and elevated (p < 0.05) the Bcl-2/Bad ratio in thigh and breast meat, whereas mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation was modulated at a lower rate. After normalization to β-actin expression, quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.05) induction in the expression of MTR and MSRB1 genes in the liver of the supplemented groups. No differences were observed for the TAT, SMS, and BHMT genes. In conclusion, dietary mixtures of herbal extracts with pomegranate and onion improved protein and lipid oxidative stability in meat, enhanced the hepatic energy status, and exerted ameliorative effects on stress-related proteins. The encapsulated extract of pomegranate and onion, using cyclodextrin as a carrier, appeared to reduce lipid oxidation to a greater extent than the aqueous extract. In contrast, the aqueous extract exhibited higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values and provided better protection against protein carbonyl formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumela Savvidou
- Research Institute of Animal Science, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 58100 Giannitsa, Greece; (S.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Nikolas Panteli
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.P.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (E.A.)
| | - Vassilios Dotas
- Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology & Applied Farm Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Symeon
- Research Institute of Animal Science, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 58100 Giannitsa, Greece; (S.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Dimitrios Galamatis
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Panitsidis
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.P.); (I.G.)
| | - Eirini Voutsinou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.P.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (E.A.)
| | - Christina Tatidou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.P.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (E.A.)
| | - Prafulla Kumar
- Department of Technical Sales and Research, R&D LifeSciences, 8801 Enterprise Blvd, Largo, FL 33773, USA;
| | - Efthimia Antonopoulou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.P.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (E.A.)
| | - Georgios Michailidis
- Laboratory of Physiology of Reproduction of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.P.); (I.G.)
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