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Sun YX, Ji BT, Chen JH, Gao LL, Sun Y, Deng ZP, Zhao B, Li JG. Ratiometric emission of Tb(III)-functionalized Cd-based layered MOFs for portable visual detection of trace amounts of diquat in apples, potatoes and corn. Food Chem 2024; 449:139259. [PMID: 38626667 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Diquat (DQ) is a typical bipyridine herbicide widely used to control weeds in fields and orchards. The severe toxicity of diquat poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have received widespread attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties and applications in the detection of toxic and harmful substances. In this work, a two-dimensional (2D) Tb(III) functionalized MOF Tb(III)@1 (1 = [Cd(HTATB)(bimb)]n·H2O (Cd-MOF), H3TATB = 4,4',4″-triazine-2,4,6-tribenzoicacid, bimb = 1,4-bis((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene) has been prepared and characterized. Tb(III)@1 has excellent optical properties and high water and chemical stability. After the Tb(III) is fixed by the uncoordinated -COO- in the 1 framework, Tb(III)@1 emits the typical green fluorescence of the lanthanide ion Tb(III) through the "antenna effect". It is worth noting that Tb(III)@1 can be used as a dual emission fluorescence chemical sensor for the ratio fluorescence detection of pesticide DQ, exhibiting a relatively low detection limit of 0.06 nM and a wide detection range of 0-50 nM. After the addition of DQ, a rapid color change of Tb(III)@1 fluorescence from green to blue was observed due to the combined effects of IFE, FRET and dynamic quenching. Therefore, a simple test paper box has been designed for direct on-site determination of pesticide DQ. In addition, the developed sensor has been successfully applied to the detection of DQ in real samples (fruits a Yin-Xia Sun and Bo-Tao Ji contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.nd vegetables) with satisfactory results. The results indicate that the probe developed in this study has broad application prospects in both real sample detection and actual on-site testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Xia Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China.
| | - Bo-Tao Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
| | - Jiang-Hai Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
| | - Lu-Lu Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
| | - Yu Sun
- Experimental Teaching Department of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhe-Peng Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China.
| | - Biao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
| | - Jin-Guo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
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Li M, Zhou C, Qu L, Yang N, Guan Y, Mao Z, Sun H. Successful delivery following acute maternal diquat poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2024:1-2. [PMID: 38655631 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2024.2339482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Institute of Poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuhan Zhou
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Qu
- Department of Obstetrics, Jiangsu Province Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nana Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Jiangsu Province Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yafei Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Province Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengsheng Mao
- Institute of Poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Institute of Poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Wageed M, Mahdy HM, Kalaba MH, Kelany MA, Soliman M. Development of LC-MS/MS analytical method for the rapid determination of Diquat in water and beverages. Food Chem 2024; 438:137869. [PMID: 37992601 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop simple, fast, and sensitive methods for the determination of diquat (DQ) in various matrices such as water and beverages. For water, direct injection was tested first, however, the sensitivity of the incurred samples were too low and couldn't possibly achieve the targeted limit of quantification. Hence, dilution with "weaker" injection solvents were tested, and the final conditions involved the dilution of water with acetonitrile (0.4 % ammonium hydroxide) which increased the sensitivity by more than ten times. Nevertheless, the beverages samples needed further treatment to achieve acceptable spiked recovery. The final conditions involved extraction using the aforementioned solvent, followed by heating and partitioning. Both of the methods satisfied the validation requirements, with an average recovery ranging from 85.9 to115 % and associated relative standard deviation (RSD %) within the range 3-8. Further applications on real samples were done to test the levels of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Wageed
- Agricultural Research Center, Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Foods (QCAP), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Giza 12311, Egypt.
| | - Hesham M Mahdy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Kalaba
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Kelany
- Agricultural Research Center, Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Foods (QCAP), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Giza 12311, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Soliman
- Agricultural Research Center, Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Foods (QCAP), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Giza 12311, Egypt
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Mao Z, Yu Y, Ba G, Zhao H, Shi Q, Cao Y, Xie W, Zhang J, Sun H, Chen F. Non-cytochrome P450 enzyme aldehyde oxidase is involved in the oxidative metabolic pathway of diquat and its detoxification effect. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2024; 199:105805. [PMID: 38458670 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Diquat (DQ) poisoning has garnered attention in recent years, primarily due to the rising incidence of cases worldwide, coupled with the absence of a viable antidote for its treatment. Despite the fact that diquat monopyridone (DQ-M) has been identified as a significant metabolite of DQ, the enzyme responsible for its formation remains unknown. In this study, we have identified aldehyde oxidase (AOX) as a vital enzyme involved in DQ oxidative metabolism. The metabolism of DQ to DQ-M was significantly inhibited by AOX inhibitors including raloxifene and hydralazine. The source of oxygen incorporated into DQ-M was proved to be from water through a H218O incubation experiment which further corroborated DQ-M formation via AOX metabolism. The product of DQ-M in vitro generated by fresh rat tissues co-incubation was consistent with its AOX expression. The result of the molecular docking analysis of DQ and AOX protein showed that DQ is capable of binding to AOX. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of DQ was significantly higher than DQ-M at the same concentration tested in six cell types. This work is the first to uncover the involvement of aldehyde oxidase, a non-cytochrome P450 enzyme, in the oxidative metabolic pathway of diquat, thus providing a potential target for the development of detoxification treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengsheng Mao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; Institute of poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China.
| | - Youjia Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; Institute of poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Gen Ba
- Institute of poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Huaian First People's Hospital, Huaian, PR China
| | - Qifang Shi
- Institute of poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Weiran Xie
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; Institute of poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Institute of poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Hao Sun
- Institute of poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; Institute of poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China.
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Guo H, Li L, Gao L. Paraquat and Diquat: Recent Updates on Their Pretreatment and Analysis Methods since 2010 in Biological Samples. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36677742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) and diquat (DQ) are quaternary ammonium herbicides which have been used worldwide for controlling the growth of weeds on land and in water. However, PQ and DQ are well known to be toxic. PQ is especially toxic to humans. Moreover, there is no specific antidote for PQ poisoning. The main treatment for PQ poisoning is hemoperfusion to reduce the PQ concentration in blood. Therefore, it is essential to be able to detect PQ and DQ concentrations in biological samples. This critical review summarizes the articles published from 2010 to 2022 and can help researchers to understand the development of the sample treatment and analytical methods for the determination of PQ and DQ in various types of biological samples. The sample preparation includes liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction based on different novel materials, microextration methods, and other methods. Analytical methods for quantifying PQ and DQ, such as different chromatography and spectroscopy methods, electrochemical methods, and immunological methods, are illustrated and compared. We focus on the latest advances in PQ and DQ treatment and the application of new technologies for these analyses. In our opinion, tandem mass spectrometry is a good choice for the determination of PQ and DQ, due to its high sensitivity, high selectivity, and high accuracy. As far as we are concerned, the best LOD of 4 pg/mL for PQ in serum can be obtained.
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