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Whelan SO, Kyne S, Dore A, Glynn M, Higgins F, Hanahoe B, Moriarty F, Moylett E, Cormican M. Paediatric Escherichia coli urinary tract infection: susceptibility trends and clinical management-a retrospective analysis of a 10-year period. Ir J Med Sci 2024:10.1007/s11845-024-03670-0. [PMID: 38565823 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli is the predominant urinary pathogen in children. Irish and international studies have demonstrated increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to antibiotics such as co-amoxiclav. AIMS We aimed to (1) examine the AMR patterns of paediatric urinary E. coli isolates, from both hospital and community sources, over a 10-year period; (2) assess the effectiveness of Children's Health Ireland (CHI) antimicrobial guidance given local susceptibility data; and (3) review the clinical management of an admitted patient sub-set over a 6-year period. METHODS Pure growth of urinary E. coli from patients aged ≤ 14 from 2012 to 2021 were analysed for AMR. Differences in susceptibility rates were assessed. A retrospective chart review conducted on inpatients aged ≥ 2 months to ≤ 14 years, 2016-2021. RESULTS E. coli accounted for 70.8% of likely significant positive pure growth cultures (9314 isolates). Susceptibility to co-amoxiclav significantly increased over time, from 66.7% to 80.4% (2016-2021, p < 0.001). Nitrofurantoin and cefalexin had significantly higher susceptibility rates than trimethoprim (< 70% annually). 85.1% of isolates were susceptible to the combination of co-amoxiclav and gentamicin, recommended for those > 2months and systemically unwell. The additional gain in empiric susceptibility provided by gentamicin above that provided by co-amoxiclav alone has fallen from 16.4% to 6.7% (2016-2021). The 222 clinical cases reviewed showed improved antimicrobial guideline compliance over time. CONCLUSIONS This study provides important regional AMR data. Co-amoxiclav susceptibility increased significantly over time, contrasting with previous studies. This was temporally associated with stewardship measures reducing co-amoxiclav prescribing. Decreasing utility of gentamicin supports recent CHI guideline updates reducing gentamicin use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán Olann Whelan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland.
- Department of Microbiology, CHI at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sarah Kyne
- Department of Paediatrics, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew Dore
- Department of Paediatrics, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mark Glynn
- Department of Paediatrics, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - Frances Higgins
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - Belinda Hanahoe
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - Frank Moriarty
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edina Moylett
- Department of Paediatrics, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Martin Cormican
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
- Division of Bacteriology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Abdullah S, Almusallam A, Li M, Mahmood MS, Mushtaq MA, Eltai NO, Toleman MA, Mohsin M. Whole genome-based genetic insights of blaNDM producing clinical E. coli isolates in hospital settings of Pakistan. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0058423. [PMID: 37668386 PMCID: PMC10581159 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00584-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem resistance among Enterobacterales has become a global health concern. Clinical Escherichia coli isolates producing the metallo β-lactamase NDM have been isolated from two hospitals in Faisalabad, Pakistan. These E. coli strains were characterized by MALDI-TOF, PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, XbaI and S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), conjugation assay, DNA hybridization, whole genome sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, and Galleria mellonella experiments. Thirty-four blaNDM producing E. coli strains were identified among 52 nonduplicate carbapenem-resistant strains. More than 90% of the isolates were found to be multidrug resistant by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. S1 PFGE confirmed the presence of blaNDM gene on plasmids ranging from 40 kbps to 250 kbps, and conjugation assays demonstrated transfer frequencies of blaNDM harboring plasmids ranging from 1.59 × 10-1 to 6.46 × 10-8 per donor. Whole genome sequencing analysis revealed blaNDM-5 as the prominent NDM subtype with the highest prevalence of blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M-15, aadA2, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and tet(A) associated resistant determinants. E. coli sequence types: ST405, ST361, and ST167 were prominent, and plasmid Inc types: FII, FIA, FIB, FIC, X3, R, and Y, were observed among all isolates. The genetic environment of blaNDM region on IncF plasmids included partial ISAba125, the bleomycin ble gene, and a class I integron. The virulence genes terC, traT, gad, fyuA, irp2, capU, and sitA were frequently observed, and G. mellonella experiments showed that virulence correlated with the number of virulence determinants. A strong infection control management in the hospital is necessary to check the emergence of carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria.IMPORTANCEWe describe a detailed analysis of highly resistant clinical E. coli isolates from two tertiary care centers in Pakistan including carbapenem resistance as well as common co-resistance mechanisms. South Asia has a huge problem with highly resistant E. coli. However, we find that though these isolates are very difficult to treat they are of low virulence. Thus the Western world has an increasing problem with virulent E. coli that are mostly of low antibiotic resistance, whereas, South Asia has an increasing problem with highly resistant E. coli that are of low virulence potential. These observations allow us to start to devise methodologies to limit both virulence and resistance and combat problems in developing nations as well as the Western world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabahat Abdullah
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Almusallam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nahla O. Eltai
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mark A. Toleman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mashkoor Mohsin
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Ali S, Ryan L. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of community-acquired uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Dublin 2010-2022. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:acmi000633.v3. [PMID: 37691841 PMCID: PMC10484315 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000633.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli is a common cause of urinary tract infections. Due to the increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and global differences in antimicrobial susceptibility data, routine assessment of local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns is necessary to guide the selection of appropriate empirical therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of community-acquired uropathogenic Escherichia coli within a catchment area in Dublin over a 13 year period, 2010-2022. Methods All mid-stream urine samples received from local general practitioners in which there was significant E. coli bacteriuria during the study period, 2010-2022, were included in the analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion as per the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing recommendations. Results An average of 11 407 urine samples per month had significant bacteriuria, with E. coli accounting for an average of 67 % of those. Overall AMR rates were highest for ampicillin (53.9 %), followed by trimethoprim (32.4 %), gentamicin (18.6 %), co-amoxiclav (16.5 %), ciprofloxacin (12.3 %), cephalexin (8.3 %), cefpodoxime (6.8 %) and nitrofurantoin (2 %). While rates appeared grossly static, statistically significant reduced resistance rates were noted for co-amoxiclav (rs=-0.95; P=<0.001), cephalexin prior to 2019 (rs=-0.783; P=0.013) and trimethoprim (rs=-0.639; P=0.019), with a statistically significant increase in non-susceptibility to cefpodoxime (rs=0.802; P=0.001). Conclusions In order to generate efficient empirical antimicrobial prescribing guidelines, knowledge of region-specific contemporaneous antimicrobial susceptibility patterns is pivotal. Our findings support the use of nitrofurantoin or cephalexin as empirical antimicrobial therapy within our setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saied Ali
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Ryan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
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Wanke-Rytt M, Sobierajski T, Lachowicz D, Seliga-Gąsior D, Podsiadły E. Analysis of Etiology of Community-Acquired and Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infections and Antibiotic Resistance of Isolated Strains: Results of a 3-Year Surveillance (2020-2022) at the Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Warsaw. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1438. [PMID: 37374940 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain the most common infections diagnosed in outpatients and hospitalized patients. This study was designed to determine the patterns of antibiotic resistance and the prevalence of uropathogens causing UTIs in pediatric patients hospitalized between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2022 at Teaching Hospital in Warsaw. The most frequent species isolated from urine samples were E. coli (64.5%), Klebsiella spp. (11.6%), and Enterococcus spp. (6.1%). UTIs caused by Enterobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., and Klebsiella spp. were significantly more common in children younger than three months of age than in children older than three months (p < 0.001). Trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were the least active compounds against Enterobacterales with the resistance of E. coli, Klebsiella spp., P. mirabilis, and Enterobacter spp. in the range of 26.7/25.2%, 48.4/40.4%, 51.1/40.4%, and 15.8/13.2% respectively. Ampicillin was also found to have resistance rates for E. coli of 54.9% and P. mirabilis of 44.7%. Cefalexin and cefuroxime were highly active towards Enterobacterales except for Klebsiella spp., in which the resistance level reached 40%. Regarding third- and fourth- generation cephalosporins, resistance in E. coli and P. mirabilis was observed in approximately 2-10% of the isolates, but in Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. ranged over 30%. The resistance of Enterobacterales to carbapenems, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin was below 1%. The quinolones resistance was very high for Klebsiella spp. (31.1%) and P. mirabilis (29.8%) and three times lower for E. coli (11.9%), P. aeruginosa (9.3%), Enterobacter spp. (2.6%), and E. faecalis (4.6%). Resistance to multiple antibiotic classes was identified in 396 Enterobacterales strains, 394 of which were multi-drug resistant (MDR) and 2 were extensive drug-resistant (XDR). In the case of E. coli, 30% of isolates were MDR, with the proportion of strains having this exact resistance pattern similar in all of the analyzed years; no E. coli XDR strains were isolated. The number of Klebsiella spp. MDR strains was much higher in 2022 (60%) than in 2021 (47.5%). In the analyzed time, only one strain of K. pneumonia XDR, producing New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase, was isolated. Monitoring infection trends is essential to improve control and limit the rise of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wanke-Rytt
- Department of Pediatrics with Clinical Assessment Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, 63a Zwirki i Wigury Str., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sobierajski
- The Sociomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Social Sciences and Resocialization, Warsaw University, 26/28 Krakowskie Przedmiescie Str., 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Lachowicz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University Center of Laboratory Medicine, 1a Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Seliga-Gąsior
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University Center of Laboratory Medicine, 1a Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Podsiadły
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University Center of Laboratory Medicine, 1a Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Bioanalysis, Centre for Preclinical Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1b Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Abalkhail A, AlYami AS, Alrashedi SF, Almushayqih KM, Alslamah T, Alsalamah YA, Elbehiry A. The Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Producing ESBL among Male and Female Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1778. [PMID: 36141390 PMCID: PMC9498880 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Escherichia coli that produces extended-spectrum lactamases (ESBL-E. coli) can develop resistance to many antibiotics. The control of ESBL-E. coli disorders is challenging due to their restricted therapeutic approaches, so this study aims to determine the prevalence and pattern of the antibiotic resistance of ESBL-E. coli among male and female patients with urinary tract infections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. During the period of 2019 to 2020 at King Fahd Medical City, Riyadh, 2250 urine samples from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) were collected, and microbial species were cultured and identified using standard biochemical techniques. A double-disc synergy test was used to identify ESBL-producing strains of E. coli, and an in vitro method and the clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) criteria were employed to determine the resistance of these strains to antimicrobial drugs. ESBL-E. coli was detected in 510 (33.49%) of the 1523 E. coli isolates, 67.27% of which were recovered from women and 33.7% of which were recovered from men. A total of 284 (55.69%) ESBL-E. coli isolates were found in patients under 50 years of age, and 226 (44.31%) were found in patients over 50 years of age. Nearly all the isolates of ESBL-E. coli were resistant to cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefepime, cefuroxime, and cephalothin) and penicillin (ampicillin), whereas the majority of the isolates were sensitive to several carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem), aminoglycosides (amikacin), and nitrofurantoins. The development of antibiotic resistance by ESBL-E. coli, the most frequent pathogen linked to urinary tract infections, plays a crucial role in determining which antibiotic therapy is appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Abalkhail
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad S. AlYami
- King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Thamer Alslamah
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Ahmed Alsalamah
- General Surgery Department, Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, Unayzah 56453, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Elbehiry
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
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Dankittipong N, Fischer EAJ, Swanenburg M, Wagenaar JA, Stegeman AJ, de Vos CJ. Quantitative Risk Assessment for the Introduction of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) into Dutch Livestock Farms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020281. [PMID: 35203883 PMCID: PMC8868399 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of emerging carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in food-producing animals is essential to control the spread of CPE. We assessed the risk of CPE introduction from imported livestock, livestock feed, companion animals, hospital patients, and returning travelers into livestock farms in The Netherlands, including (1) broiler, (2) broiler breeder, (3) fattening pig, (4) breeding pig, (5) farrow-to-finish pig, and (6) veal calf farms. The expected annual number of introductions was calculated from the number of farms exposed to each CPE source and the probability that at least one animal in an exposed farm is colonized. The total number of farms with CPE colonization was estimated to be the highest for fattening pig farms, whereas the probability of introduction for an individual farm was the highest for broiler farms. Livestock feed and imported livestock are the most likely sources of CPE introduction into Dutch livestock farms. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the number of fattening pig farms determined the number of high introductions in fattening pigs from feed, and that uncertainty on CPE prevalence impacted the absolute risk estimate for all farm types. The results of this study can be used to inform risk-based surveillance for CPE in livestock farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natcha Dankittipong
- Department Population Health Sciences, Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Martinus G. de Bruingebouw, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.A.J.F.); (A.J.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Egil A. J. Fischer
- Department Population Health Sciences, Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Martinus G. de Bruingebouw, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.A.J.F.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Manon Swanenburg
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (C.J.d.V.)
| | - Jaap A. Wagenaar
- Department Biomolecular Health Science, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Utrecht University, Androclusgebouw, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Arjan J. Stegeman
- Department Population Health Sciences, Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Martinus G. de Bruingebouw, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.A.J.F.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Clazien J. de Vos
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (C.J.d.V.)
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Winnett A, Srinivasan V, Davis M, Vijayan T, Uslan DZ, Garner OB, de St Maurice A. The Path of More Resistance: A Comparison of NHSN and CLSI Criteria in Developing Cumulative Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Reports and Institutional Antibiograms. J Clin Microbiol 2021;:JCM0136621. [PMID: 34851679 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01366-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the absence of antimicrobial susceptibility data, the institutional antibiogram is a valuable tool to guide clinicians in the empiric treatment of infections. However, there is a misunderstanding on how best to prepare cumulative antimicrobial susceptibility testing reports (CASTRs) to guide empiric therapy (e.g., routine antibiogram) versus monitoring antimicrobial resistance, with the former following guidance from the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), and the latter from Center for Disease Control and Preventions National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). These criteria vary markedly in their exclusion or inclusion of isolates cultured repeatedly from the same patient. Methods We compared rates of non-susceptibility (NS)using annual data from a large teaching healthcare system subset to isolates eligible by either NHSN criteria or CLSI criteria. Results For a panel of the three most prevalent gram-negative pathogens in combination with clinically relevant antimicrobial agents (or priority pathogen-agent combinations, PPACs), we found that the inclusion of duplicate isolates by NHSN criteria yielded higher NS rates than when CLSI criteria (for which duplicate isolates are not included) were applied. Conclusions Patients with duplicate isolates may not be representative of antimicrobial resistance within a population. For this reason, users of CASTR data should carefully consider that the criteria used to generate these reports can impact resulting NS rates, and therefore maintain the distinction between CASTRs created for different purposes.
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Milano A, Sulejmani A, Intra J, Sala MR, Leoni V, Carcione D. Antimicrobial Resistance Trends of Escherichia coli Isolates from Outpatient and Inpatient Urinary Infections over a 20-Year Period. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 28:63-72. [PMID: 34520265 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide problem, and resistance in Enterobacteriaceae, particularly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, is a critical threat to human health. Inappropriate and unnecessary use of antibiotics in human health care is the most common cause for the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. In this work, we retrospectively analyzed the antimicrobial data of E. coli strains isolated from midstream urinary samples over a 20-year period (2000-2019). The aim was to provide useful information to clinicians to prescribe a more appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy. A total of 30,955 unique E. coli isolates from positive midstream urine samples of inpatients (1,198) and outpatients (29,757) were collected. Except for carbapenems, over time all the antibiotics tested showed increasing resistance rates in both groups (p < 0.0001). On the other hand, fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin presented significant decreasing trends in resistance rate (p < 0.05). There were significant increases in extended-spectrum β-lactamases- and multidrug resistance positive isolates starting in 2000 (p < 0.0001), with similar results in both groups. Ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and third-generation cephalosporin resistances significantly increased with increasing age (p < 0.0001). Collectively, E. coli resistance rates severely increased during the study period, except for fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin. The need of monitoring studies about antibiotic nonsusceptibilities at local and regional levels are necessary to enhance the focus on antimicrobial stewardship, to reduce antimicrobial consumption and to detect alarming resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Milano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Monza ASST-Monza, Desio Hospital, Desio, Italy
| | - Adela Sulejmani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Monza ASST-Monza, Desio Hospital, Desio, Italy
| | - Jari Intra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Monza ASST-Monza, Desio Hospital, Desio, Italy
| | - Maria Roberta Sala
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Monza ASST-Monza, Desio Hospital, Desio, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Monza ASST-Monza, Desio Hospital, Desio, Italy
| | - Davide Carcione
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Monza ASST-Monza, Desio Hospital, Desio, Italy
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9
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Kettani Halabi M, Lahlou FA, Diawara I, El Adouzi Y, Marnaoui R, Benmessaoud R, Smyej I. Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli Isolated From Patients With Urinary Tract Infection in Morocco. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:720701. [PMID: 34490146 PMCID: PMC8418096 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.720701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) lend resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics. Because of limited treatment options, ESBL-EC infections are generally more difficult to treat, leading to higher hospital costs, reduced rates of microbiological and clinical responses, and a threat to the patient’s life. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of ESBL-EC isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in Morocco. This retrospective laboratory-based study was conducted at Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Casablanca, from January 2016 to June 2019. A total of 670 urine samples were collected from urinary tract infection patients and processed by standard microbiological methods. In vitro susceptibility testing to different antibiotics of all identified isolates of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was performed following Kirby–Bauer’s disc diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton Agar according to the EUCAST standards. The reviewing of ESBL-EC was confirmed by the appearance of a characteristically shaped zone referred to as a “champagne cork” using the Combined Disk Test. Among a total of 438 E. coli isolated from nonrepetitive urine samples, two hundred fifty-nine (59%) were ESBL-EC, of which 200 (77%) were isolated from adult patients (over the age of 50) and the majority were female. All ESBL-EC isolates were resistant to third-generation cephalosporin and quinolones and sensitive to carbapenem and fosfomycin. Knowledge of antimicrobial resistance patterns in ESBL-EC, the major pathogen associated with urinary tract infection, is indispensable as a guide in choosing empirical antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kettani Halabi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco.,National Reference Laboratory, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fatima Azzahra Lahlou
- Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco.,National Reference Laboratory, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Idrissa Diawara
- National Reference Laboratory, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco.,Faculty of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Younes El Adouzi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Rabiaa Marnaoui
- National Reference Laboratory, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Rachid Benmessaoud
- National Reference Laboratory, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Imane Smyej
- National Reference Laboratory, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
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10
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Hrbacek J, Cermak P, Zachoval R. Current antibiotic resistance patterns of rare uropathogens: survey from Central European Urology Department 2011-2019. BMC Urol 2021; 21:61. [PMID: 33849512 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the resistance rates of commonly detected uropathogens are well described, those of less frequent Gram-negative uropathogenic bacteria have seldom been reported. The aim of this study was to examine the resistance rates of less frequent uropathogenic Gram-negatives in a population of patients treated in a Department of Urology of a tertiary referral centre in Central Europe over a period of 9 years. METHODS Data on all positive urine samples from urological in- and out-patients were extracted form the Department of Clinical Microbiology database from 2011 to 2019. Numbers of susceptible and resistant isolates per year were calculated for these uropathogens: Acinetobacter spp. (n = 74), Citrobacter spp. (n = 60), Enterobacter spp. (n = 250), Morganella morganii (n = 194), Providencia spp. (n = 53), Serratia spp. (n = 82) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 27). Antimicrobial agents selected for the survey included: ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam; cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefepime; ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin; gentamicin and amikacin; ertapenem, meropenem and imipenem; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole), nitrofurantoin and colistin. RESULTS Penicillin derivatives have generally poor effect except piperacillin/tazobactam. Cefuroxime is not efficient unlike cefotaxime (except against Acinetobacter spp. and S. maltophilia). Susceptibility to fluoroquinolones is limited. Amikacin is somewhat more efficient than gentamicine but susceptibilities for both safely exceed 80%. Nitrofurantoin shows virtually no efficiency. Cotrimoxazole acts well against Citrobacter spp., Serratia spp. and it is the treatment of choice for S. maltophilia UTIs. Among carbapenems, ertapenem was less efficient than meropenem and imipenem except for S. maltophilia whose isolates were mostly not suceptible to any carbapenems. CONCLUSIONS Uropathogenic microorganisms covered in this report are noteworthy for their frequently multi-drug resistant phenotypes. Knowledge of resistance patterns helps clinicians choose the right empirical antibiotic treatment when the taxonomical assignment of the isolate is known but sensitivity results are pending.
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Abstract
Background Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections encountered in clinical practice. Evidence supports that empirical treatment guidelines based on local bacterial spectrum and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance provide the best clinical results and also prevent the emergence of resistant strains. Antimicrobial resistance has been increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world. This warrants continuous reporting and surveillance of the emergence of AMR among the uropathogens across regions and nations. Materials and methods A retrospective cross-sectional study using antibiograms of adult patients with culture-proven UTI during January 2011 and January 2017 was done. Comparative analysis was performed between the two study periods for the prevalence, changing trends of antimicrobial resistance, and usage of antimicrobials for testing. Results The commonest organism cultured during each study period was Escherichia coli (56.6% and 51.6%). The most frequently tested antibiotics were ampicillin (97%, 88%), amikacin (85%, 85%), nitrofurantoin (95%, 95%), cephalexin (84%, 93%), and norfloxacin (83%, 83%). There was a significant increase in resistance proportion noted for imipenem (by 29.8%), meropenem (by 18.3%), ertapenem (by 24.9%), ciprofloxacin (by 26.5%), nitrofurantoin (by 11.2%), amikacin (by 8.7%), and cefotaxime (by 7.4%) in 2017 as compared to 2011. A significant increase in susceptibility was seen for tobramycin (by 32.5%), cefepime (by 14.4%), and polymyxin (by 12.6%) in 2017 when compared to 2011. Conclusion Our analysis has shown that there is an alarmingly increasing trend for AMR among uropathogens in this region as compared to developed countries. Data on changing trends of antimicrobial testing and reporting might help in strengthening antimicrobial surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Ravishankar
- Internal Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Sathyamurthy P
- Internal Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
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12
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Toulouse JL, Shi G, Lemay-St-Denis C, Ebert MCCJC, Deon D, Gagnon M, Ruediger E, Saint-Jacques K, Forge D, Vanden Eynde JJ, Marinier A, Ji X, Pelletier JN. Dual-Target Inhibitors of the Folate Pathway Inhibit Intrinsically Trimethoprim-Resistant DfrB Dihydrofolate Reductases. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2261-2267. [PMID: 33214838 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethoprim (TMP) is widely used to treat infections in humans and in livestock, accelerating the incidence of TMP resistance. The emergent and largely untracked type II dihydrofolate reductases (DfrBs) are intrinsically TMP-resistant plasmid-borne Dfrs that are structurally and evolutionarily unrelated to chromosomal Dfrs. We report kinetic characterization of the known DfrB family members. Their kinetic constants are conserved and all are poorly inhibited by TMP, consistent with TMP resistance. We investigate their inhibition with known and novel bisubstrate inhibitors of 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase (HPPK). Importantly, all are inhibited by the HPPK inhibitors, making these molecules dual-target inhibitors of two folate pathway enzymes that are strictly microbial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacynthe L. Toulouse
- Département de biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
- PROTEO, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
- CGCC, Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, Quebec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Genbin Shi
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, NCI, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Claudèle Lemay-St-Denis
- Département de biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
- PROTEO, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
- CGCC, Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, Quebec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | | | - Daniel Deon
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marc Gagnon
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Edward Ruediger
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Kévin Saint-Jacques
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Delphine Forge
- Laboratoire de chimie organique, Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | | | - Anne Marinier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Xinhua Ji
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, NCI, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- Département de biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
- PROTEO, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
- CGCC, Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, Quebec H2V 0B3, Canada
- Département de biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
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Ioannou P, Plexousaki M, Dimogerontas K, Aftzi V, Drougkaki M, Konidaki M, Paschalidis K, Maraki S, Kofteridis DP. Characteristics of urinary tract infections in older patients in a tertiary hospital in Greece. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20:1228-1233. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital of Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Myrto Plexousaki
- Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital of Heraklion Crete Greece
| | | | - Vasileia Aftzi
- Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital of Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Maria Drougkaki
- Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital of Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Myrto Konidaki
- Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital of Heraklion Crete Greece
| | | | - Sofia Maraki
- Department of Clinical Microbiology University Hospital of Heraklion Crete Greece
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Hrbacek J, Cermak P, Zachoval R. Current Antibiotic Resistance Trends of Uropathogens in Central Europe: Survey from a Tertiary Hospital Urology Department 2011-2019. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E630. [PMID: 32971752 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of pathogen resistance profiles is necessary to guide empirical antibiotic therapy before culture and sensitivity results become available. The aim of this study was to describe current antibiotic resistance patterns of five most frequent causative uropathogens in a Department of Urology of a tertiary referral centre in Central Europe over a period of nine years. The Hospital Department of Clinical Microbiology database was used to extract data on all positive urine samples from inpatients in the Department of Urology between 2011 and 2019. Numbers of susceptible and resistant isolates per year were calculated for five most frequent uropathogens: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus spp. Antimicrobial agents selected for the survey included: ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam; cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefepime; ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin; gentamicin and amikacin; ertapenem, meropenem and imipenem; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole), nitrofurantoin, colistin, and vancomycin. High resistance rates of Gram-negative uropathogens were demonstrated to most common antimicrobials, with statistically significant increasing or decreasing trends in some cases. No carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were isolated. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. strains were rare in our population.
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15
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Petca RC, Mareș C, Petca A, Negoiță S, Popescu RI, Boț M, Barabás E, Chibelean CB. Spectrum and Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogens in Romanian Females. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E472. [PMID: 32752222 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women represent a common bacteriological finding, with negligible recent and consistent research on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the female population. We designed a retrospective study to observe the incidence of frequent uropathogens and their resistance rates to common antibiotics. We elaborated multicenter research in three different teaching hospitals in Romania, analyzing 13,081 urine samples, of which 1588 met the criteria of inclusion. Escherichia coli (58.37%) was the most frequent Gram-negative uropathogen, presenting high resistance rates to levofloxacin (R = 29.66%), amoxicillin–clavulanic ac. (R = 14.13%), and ceftazidime (R = 6.68%). We found good sensitivity to imipenem and meropenem (both 98.16%), amikacin (S = 96.0%), and fosfomycin (S = 90.39%). The second most prevalent uropathogen was Klebsiella (16.93%), with the highest resistance quota to amoxicillin–clavulanic ac. (R = 28.62%), levofloxacin and nitrofurantoin (both R = 15.61%), and ceftazidime (R = 15.24%), and good sensitivity to imipenem (S = 93.93%), meropenem (S = 91.91%), and amikacin (S = 88.47%). Enterococcus (13.35%) was the most encountered Gram-positive pathogen. It proved the highest resistance to levofloxacin (R = 32.07%), penicillin (R = 32.07%), and ampicillin (R = 14.62%) and good sensitivity to vancomycin (S = 91.98%), fosfomycin (S = 94.4%), and nitrofurantoin (S = 89.15%). Considering the lack of recent and consistent data on this topic, we find our survey a valuable starting research study in this area with high significance for an accurate clinical approach.
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16
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Jeanvoine A, Bouxom H, Leroy J, Gbaguidi-Haore H, Bertrand X, Slekovec C. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in Escherichia coli in the French community: The times they are a-changin'? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 55:105909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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van Driel AA, Notermans DW, Meima A, Mulder M, Donker GA, Stobberingh EE, Verbon A. Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from uncomplicated UTI in general practice patients over a 10-year period. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:2151-2158. [PMID: 31440915 PMCID: PMC6800841 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recommendations of first choice antibiotic therapy need to be based on actual antibiotic susceptibility data. We determined the antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli in uncomplicated UTI among women and compared the results with 2004 and 2009. In 30 sentinel general practitioner practices of Nivel Primary Care database, urine samples were collected from women with symptoms of uncomplicated UTI. Patient characteristics, E. coli susceptibility, and ESBL production were analyzed. Six hundred eighty-nine urine samples were collected; E. coli was the most isolated uropathogen (83%). Antibiotic susceptibility was stable over time except for ciprofloxacin (96% in 2004, 97% in 2009, and 94% in 2014; P < 0.05). The susceptibility to co-amoxiclav was 88%, 87%, and 92% in 2004, 2009, and 2014, respectively. The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli increased from 0.1% in 2004 to 2.2% in 2014 (P < 0.05). Regional differences in antibiotic susceptibility for co-trimoxazole were found being the highest in the west (88%) and the lowest in the north (72%, P = 0.021). Ciprofloxacin susceptibility was related to antibiotic use in the past 3 months (97% no use versus 90% use, P = 0.002) and age > 70 years (P = 0.005). In 2014, prescription of fosfomycin increased compared to 2009 (14.3% versus 5.6%) at the expense of co-amoxiclav, co-trimoxazole, and fluoroquinolones (P < 0.05). The susceptibility percentages to most antimicrobial agents tested were stable over 10 years’ period although the prevalence of E. coli and ESBLs significantly increased. Performance of a survey with regular intervals is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A van Driel
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - D W Notermans
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A Meima
- Department Infectious Disease Control, Municipal Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond (GGD Rotterdam), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Mulder
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G A Donker
- Nivel Primary Care Database, Sentinel Practices, The Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E E Stobberingh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Verbon
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Toulouse J, Yachnin BJ, Ruediger EH, Deon D, Gagnon M, Saint-Jacques K, Ebert MCCC, Forge D, Bastien D, Colin DY, Vanden Eynde JJ, Marinier A, Berghuis AM, Pelletier JN. Structure-Based Design of Dimeric Bisbenzimidazole Inhibitors to an Emergent Trimethoprim-Resistant Type II Dihydrofolate Reductase Guides the Design of Monomeric Analogues. ACS Omega 2019; 4:10056-10069. [PMID: 31460098 PMCID: PMC6648814 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide use of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial trimethoprim (TMP) has induced the rise of TMP-resistant microorganisms. In addition to resistance-causing mutations of the microbial chromosomal dihydrofolate reductase (Dfr), the evolutionarily and structurally unrelated type II Dfrs (DfrBs) have been identified in TMP-resistant microorganisms. DfrBs are intrinsically TMP-resistant and allow bacterial proliferation when the microbial chromosomal Dfr is TMP-inhibited, making these enzymes important targets for inhibitor development. Furthermore, DfrBs occur in multiresistance plasmids, potentially accelerating their dissemination. We previously reported symmetrical bisbenzimidazoles that are the first selective inhibitors of the only well-characterized DfrB, DfrB1. Here, their diversification provides a new series of inhibitors (K i = 1.7-12.0 μM). Our results reveal two prominent features: terminal carboxylates and inhibitor length allow the establishment of essential interactions with DfrB1. Two crystal structures demonstrate the simultaneous binding of two inhibitor molecules in the symmetrical active site. Observations of those dimeric inhibitors inspired the design of monomeric analogues, binding in a single copy yet offering similar inhibition potency (K i = 1.1 and 7.4 μM). Inhibition of a second member of the DfrB family, DfrB4, suggests the generality of these inhibitors. These results provide key insights into inhibition of the highly TMP-resistant DfrBs, opening avenues to downstream development of antibiotics for combatting this emergent source of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacynthe
L. Toulouse
- Département
de Biochimie, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer
(IRIC), and Département de Chimie, Université
de Montréal, Montreal H3C 3J7, Quebec, Canada
- PROTEO,
the Québec Network for Research on Protein, Function, Engineering
and Applications, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
- CGCC,
The Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal H3A
0B8, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brahm J. Yachnin
- PROTEO,
the Québec Network for Research on Protein, Function, Engineering
and Applications, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal H3A 0G4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edward H. Ruediger
- Département
de Biochimie, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer
(IRIC), and Département de Chimie, Université
de Montréal, Montreal H3C 3J7, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Deon
- Département
de Biochimie, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer
(IRIC), and Département de Chimie, Université
de Montréal, Montreal H3C 3J7, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Gagnon
- Département
de Biochimie, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer
(IRIC), and Département de Chimie, Université
de Montréal, Montreal H3C 3J7, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kévin Saint-Jacques
- Département
de Biochimie, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer
(IRIC), and Département de Chimie, Université
de Montréal, Montreal H3C 3J7, Quebec, Canada
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1K 0A5, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Delphine Forge
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique, Université de
Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Dominic Bastien
- Département
de Biochimie, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer
(IRIC), and Département de Chimie, Université
de Montréal, Montreal H3C 3J7, Quebec, Canada
- PROTEO,
the Québec Network for Research on Protein, Function, Engineering
and Applications, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
- CGCC,
The Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal H3A
0B8, Quebec, Canada
| | - Damien Y. Colin
- Département
de Biochimie, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer
(IRIC), and Département de Chimie, Université
de Montréal, Montreal H3C 3J7, Quebec, Canada
- PROTEO,
the Québec Network for Research on Protein, Function, Engineering
and Applications, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
- CGCC,
The Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal H3A
0B8, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Anne Marinier
- Département
de Biochimie, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer
(IRIC), and Département de Chimie, Université
de Montréal, Montreal H3C 3J7, Quebec, Canada
| | - Albert M. Berghuis
- PROTEO,
the Québec Network for Research on Protein, Function, Engineering
and Applications, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal H3A 0G4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- Département
de Biochimie, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer
(IRIC), and Département de Chimie, Université
de Montréal, Montreal H3C 3J7, Quebec, Canada
- PROTEO,
the Québec Network for Research on Protein, Function, Engineering
and Applications, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
- CGCC,
The Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal H3A
0B8, Quebec, Canada
- E-mail: . Phone: 514-343-2124. Fax: 514-343-7586
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Soucy JR, Schmidt AM, Frenette C, Dolcé P, Boudreault AA, Buckeridge DL, Quach C. Joint Modeling of Resistance to Six Antimicrobials in Urinary Escherichia coli Isolates in Quebec, Canada. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e02531-18. [PMID: 31010864 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02531-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Empirical treatment of urinary tract infections should be based on susceptibility profiles specific to the locale and patient population. Additionally, these susceptibility profiles should account for correlations between resistance to different types of antimicrobials. Empirical treatment of urinary tract infections should be based on susceptibility profiles specific to the locale and patient population. Additionally, these susceptibility profiles should account for correlations between resistance to different types of antimicrobials. We used hierarchical logistic regression models to investigate geographic, temporal, and demographic trends in resistance to six antimicrobials in community-acquired and nosocomial urinary E. coli isolates from three communities in the province of Quebec, Canada, procured between April 2010 and December 2017. A total of 74,986 community-acquired (patient age, ≥18 years) and 4,384 nosocomial isolates (patient age, ≥65 years) were analyzed. In both community-acquired and nosocomial isolates, we found geographic variation in the prevalence of resistance. Male sex (community-acquired hierarchical mean odds ratio [OR], 1.24; 95% credible interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.50; nosocomial hierarchical mean OR, 1.16, 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.41) and recent hospitalization (community-acquired hierarchical mean OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.33 to 1.66; nosocomial hierarchical mean OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.78) were associated with a higher risk of resistance to most types of antimicrobials. We found distinct seasonal trends in both community-acquired and nosocomial isolates, but only community-acquired isolates showed a consistent annual pattern. Ciprofloxacin resistance increased sharply with patient age. We found clinically relevant differences in antimicrobial resistance in urinary E. coli isolates between locales and patient populations in the province of Quebec. These results could help inform empirical treatment decisions for urinary tract infections. In the future, similar models integrating local, provincial, and national resistance data could be incorporated into decision support systems for clinicians.
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Yang P, Chen Y, Jiang S, Shen P, Lu X, Xiao Y. Association between antibiotic consumption and the rate of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from China based on 153 tertiary hospitals data in 2014. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:137. [PMID: 30479750 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the rate of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and antibiotic consumption intensity in 153 tertiary hospitals from China in 2014. Methods A retrospective study using national surveillance data from 2014 was conducted. Data on the annual consumption of each antibiotic, as well as the rate of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, were collected from each participating hospital, and the correlation between antibiotic consumption and carbapenem- resistant rate was analyzed. Results The overall antibiotic consumption intensity among the hospitals varied between 23.93 and 86.80 defined daily dosages (DDDs) per 100 patient-days (median, 46.30 DDDs per 100 patient-days). Cephalosporins were the most commonly used antibiotic, followed by quinolones, penicillins, and carbapenems, and the rate of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from each hospital varied. The correlations between carbapenem consumption intensity and rate of carbapenem resistance revealed correlation factors of 0.271 for Escherichia coli (p < 0.01), 0.427 for Klebsiella pneumoniae (p < 0.01), 0.463 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p < 0.01), and 0.331 for Acinetobacter baumannii (p < 0.01). Conclusions A significant relationship existed between the carbapenem consumption and the rates of carbapenem-resistant gram negative bacilli. Rational use of carbapenems should be implemented to address the issue of carbapenem resistance in hospitals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13756-018-0430-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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21
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Lee RA, Scully MC, Camins BC, Griffin RL, Kunz DF, Moser SA, Hoesley CJ, McCarty TP, Pappas PG. Improvement of gram-negative susceptibility to fluoroquinolones after implementation of a pre-authorization policy for fluoroquinolone use: A decade-long experience. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018; 39:1419-24. [PMID: 30296959 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2018.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to concerns over increasing fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance among gram-negative organisms, our stewardship program implemented a preauthorization use policy. The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between hospital FQ use and antibiotic resistance. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING Large academic medical center. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of FQ susceptibility of hospital isolates for 5 common gram-negative bacteria: Acinetobacter spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Primary endpoint was the change of FQ susceptibility. A Poisson regression model was used to calculate the rate of change between the preintervention period (1998-2005) and the postimplementation period (2006-2016). RESULTS Large rates of decline of FQ susceptibility began in 1998, particularly among P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., and E. cloacae. Our FQ restriction policy improved FQ use from 173 days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 patient days to <60 DOT per 1,000 patient days. Fluoroquinolone susceptibility increased for Acinetobacter spp. (rate ratio [RR], 1.038; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.005-1.072), E. cloacae (RR, 1.028; 95% CI, 1.013-1.044), and P. aeruginosa (RR, 1.013; 95% CI, 1.006-1.020). No significant change in susceptibility was detected for K. pneumoniae (RR, 1.002; 95% CI, 0.996-1.008), and the susceptibility for E. coli continued to decline, although the decline was not as steep (RR, 0.981; 95% CI, 0.975-0.987). CONCLUSIONS A stewardship-driven FQ restriction program stopped overall declining FQ susceptibility rates for all species except E. coli. For 3 species (ie, Acinetobacter spp, E. cloacae, and P. aeruginosa), susceptibility rates improved after implementation, and this improvement has been sustained over a 10-year period.
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Lee DS, Lee SJ, Choe HS. Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection by Escherichia coli in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:7656752. [PMID: 30356438 PMCID: PMC6178185 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7656752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) are the most common types of infections in women. The antibiotic resistance of E. coli is increasing rapidly, causing physicians to hesitate when selecting oral antibiotics. In this review, our objective is to ensure that clinicians understand the current seriousness of antibiotic-resistant E. coli, the mechanisms by which resistance is selected for, and methods that can be used to prevent antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sup Lee
- Department of Urology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ju Lee
- Department of Urology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sop Choe
- Department of Urology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common entities in medicine and affected patients present daily in a typical family medicine practice. The patients often present with the "classic symptoms" of dysuria and increased frequency, but sometimes they are asymptomatic or have a mixed picture. In most cases, an antibiotic is prescribed, and this practice is likely contributing to increasing worldwide antibiotic resistance. To help combat this problem, it is important that clinicians seek out their local bacterial resistance patterns and antibiograms, properly diagnose and treat UTI if indicated, and recognize their role in antibiotic stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Waller
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Sally Ann L Pantin
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Ashley L Yenior
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - George G A Pujalte
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Goddard JC, Janssen DAW. Intravesical hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate for recurrent urinary tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urogynecol J 2018; 29:933-942. [PMID: 29181550 PMCID: PMC6004275 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-017-3508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS The objective was to assess the efficacy of intravesical hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), alone or in combination, for recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs) in adult female patients using a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS English-language articles were obtained from the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases through November 2016, by manual searching and cross-referencing. Randomized and nonrandomized trials of adult female patients with a documented history of RUTIs who received HA, CS or HA plus CS were included. The random effects model was applied to all pooled analyses. Risk of bias was assessed for individual studies and across studies. RESULTS Two randomized (n = 85) and six nonrandomized (n = 715) studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies assessed HA ± CS; studies of CS alone were not identified in the search. HA ± CS decreased the UTI rate per patient-year (pooled mean difference [MD] -2.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] -3.86, -1.26; p < 0.001) and increased the time to first UTI recurrence (pooled MD 130.05 days; 95% CI 5.84, 254.26; p = 0.04). There was heterogeneity in most outcomes considered, and publication bias in many studies. The standard of trial reporting was low. The patient population size, and the number of studies included, were small. CONCLUSIONS HA ± CS appears to reduce the rate of UTI and increase the time to recurrence in women with RUTI. As randomized controlled studies are available only for HA plus CS, the quality of evidence is higher for the combination than for HA alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dick A W Janssen
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grootteplein Zuid 10, 6525, Nijmegen, GA, Netherlands.
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Goudarzi M, Ghafari S, Navidinia M, Azimi H. Aloe vera gel: Effective Therapeutic agent against Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Tehran-Iran. J PURE APPL MICROBIO 2017; 11:1401-1408. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.11.3.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Guclu E, Karabay O. Definitions and resistance rate difference. Ir J Med Sci 2017; 186:757. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-017-1586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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