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Anika, Arora R, Virendra SA, Chawla PA. Mechanistic Study on the Possible Role of Embelin in Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2024; 23:55-66. [PMID: 36655531 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230119100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Embelin (EMB) (2,5-Dihydroxy-3-undecyl-1,4-benzoquinone) is a natural benzoquinone extracted mainly from Embelia ribes (ER) and appear as vivid orange dots beneath the fruit's pericarp. It is being used to treat various diseases since ancient times in India. It has been ascribed as one of the 32 ayurvedic drugs of national importance in the National Medicinal Plant Board set up by the Government of India under the Ministry of Indian System of Medicine and Homeopathy. Embelin prevents neuronal oxidative damage by decreasing the peroxidation of lipids. Along with having antioxidant properties, it also prevents the production of amyloid-protein-related fibrils and blocks the progression of inflammatory cascades. Due to embelin's ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, its neuroprotective effects have been studied in the past using in vitro models of neuronal disorders such as convulsion and epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, anxiety and depression, traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. In addition to its neuroprotective effects, its role as an antitubercular, anti-cancer, antioxidant, astringent, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, contraceptive, carminative, diuretic, and anthelmintic agent has also been studied. With docking studies and recent advancements in formulations of embelin including polyethylene and embelin micelles and embelin noisome preparations, embelin can prove to be a promising compound for its therapeutic actions in a wide range of diseases and disorders. The findings of docking studies suggest the binding ability of embelin to be similar to the standard drug in their respective disorders. In this review and docking analysis, we bring an outline of scientific evidence concerning the neuroprotective actions of embelin, still, further research is required for its prospective as a chief compound in clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Rimpi Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sharma A Virendra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
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Kamath AJ, Chandy AS, Joseph AA, Gorantla JN, Donadkar AD, Nath LR, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D. Embelin: A multifaceted anticancer agent with translational potential in targeting tumor progression and metastasis. EXCLI J 2023; 22:1311-1329. [PMID: 38234968 PMCID: PMC10792175 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Embelin, a natural para-benzoquinone product, is derived from plants of the Embelia genus, particularly Embelia ribes Burm.f. A staple in traditional medicinal formulations for centuries, Embelin's pharmacological actions are attributed to the hydroxyl benzoquinone present in its structure. Its therapeutic potential is bolstered by unique physical and chemical properties. Recently, Embelin, recognized as a non-peptidic, cell-permeable small inhibitor of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), has garnered significant attention for its anticancer activity. It demonstrates various anticancer mechanisms, such as apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy, in different cancer types. Additionally, Embelin modulates several signal transduction pathways, including NF-κB, PI3Kinase/AKT, and STAT3, effectively inhibiting the proliferation of diverse cancer cell lines. This literature review illuminates the anticancer potential of Embelin, detailing its mechanisms of action and prospective clinical applications, based on relevant scientific literature from the past decade sourced from various electronic databases. See also the Graphical abstract(Fig. 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Jayaprakash Kamath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | - Alda Sara Chandy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | - Aina Ann Joseph
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | - Jaggiah N. Gorantla
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit-48202, Michigan, USA
| | - Asawari Dilip Donadkar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | - Lekshmi R. Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | | | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Devi Daimary U, Girisa S, Parama D, Verma E, Kumar A, Kunnumakkara AB. Embelin: A novel XIAP inhibitor for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22950. [PMID: 34842329 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases are a serious health concern worldwide, especially in the elderly population. Most chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular ailments, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune diseases are caused due to the abnormal functioning of multiple signaling pathways that give rise to critical anomalies in the body. Although a lot of advanced therapies are available, these have failed to entirely cure the disease due to their less efficacy. Apart from this, they have been shown to manifest disturbing side effects which hamper the patient's quality of life to the extreme. Since the last few decades, extensive studies have been done on natural herbs due to their excellent medicinal benefits. Components present in natural herbs target multiple signaling pathways involved in diseases and therefore hold high potential in the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases. Embelin, a benzoquinone, is one such agent isolated from Embelia ribes, which has shown excellent biological activities toward several chronic ailments by upregulating a number of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., SOD, CAT, GSH, etc.), inhibiting anti-apoptotic genes (e.g., TRAIL, XIAP, survivin, etc.), modulating transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB, STAT3, etc.) blocking inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., NO, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, etc.), monitoring cell cycle synchronizing genes (e.g., p53, cyclins, CDKs, etc.), and so forth. Several preclinical studies have confirmed its excellent therapeutic activities against malicious diseases like cancer, obesity, heart diseases, Alzheimer's, and so forth. This review presents an overview of embelin, its therapeutic prospective, and the molecular targets in different chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Elika Verma
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Weidle UH, Birzele F. Bladder Cancer-related microRNAs With In Vivo Efficacy in Preclinical Models. Cancer Diagn Progn 2021; 1:245-263. [PMID: 35403137 PMCID: PMC8988954 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Progressive and metastatic bladder cancer remain difficult to treat. In this review, we critique seven up-regulated and 25 down-regulated microRNAs in order to identify new therapeutic entities and corresponding targets. These microRNAs were selected with respect to their efficacy in bladder cancer-related preclinical in vivo models. MicroRNAs and related targets interfering with chemoresistance, cell-cycle, signaling, apoptosis, autophagy, transcription factor modulation, epigenetic modification and metabolism are described. In addition, we highlight microRNAs targeting transmembrane receptors and secreted factors. We discuss druggability issues for the identified targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences,Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Xie J, Lai Z, Zheng X, Liao H, Xian Y, Li Q, Wu J, Ip S, Xie Y, Chen J, Su Z, Lin Z, Yang X. Apoptotic activities of brusatol in human non-small cell lung cancer cells: Involvement of ROS-mediated mitochondrial-dependent pathway and inhibition of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response. Toxicology 2021; 451:152680. [PMID: 33465425 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Brusatol occurs as a characteristic bioactive principle of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr., a traditional medicinal herb frequently employed to tackle cancer in China. This work endeavored to unravel the potential anti-cancer activity and action mechanism of brusatol against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. The findings indicated that brusatol remarkably inhibited the growth of wild-type NSCLC cell lines (A549 and H1650) and epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant cell lines (PC9 and HCC827) in a dose- and time-related fashion, and profoundly inhibited the clonogenic capability and migratory capacity of PC9 cells. Treatment with brusatol resulted in significant apoptosis in PC9 cells, as evidenced by Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometric analysis. The apoptotic effect was closely related to induction of G0-G1 cell cycle arrest, stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde, decrease of glutathione levels and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine, a typical ROS scavenger, markedly ameliorated the brusatol-induced inhibition of PC9 cells. Western blotting assay indicated that brusatol pronouncedly suppressed the expression levels of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway-associated proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, accentuated the expression of Bax and Bak, and upregulated the protein expression of XIAP, cleaved caspase-3/pro caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8/pro caspase-8, and cleaved PARP/total PARP. In addition, brusatol significantly suppressed the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, and abrogated tBHQ-induced Nrf2 activation. Combinational administration of brusatol with four chemotherapeutic agents exhibited marked synergetic effect on PC9 cells. Together, the inhibition of PC9 cells proliferation by brusatol might be intimately associated with the modulation of ROS-mediated mitochondrial-dependent pathway and inhibition of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response. This novel insight might provide further evidence to buttress the antineoplastic efficacy of B. javanica, and support a role for brusatol as a promising anti-cancer candidate or adjuvant to current chemotherapeutic medication in the therapy of EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Zhengquan Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Xinghan Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Liao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Services, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen 518052, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China; The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Siupo Ip
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Youliang Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
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6
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Sheng Z, Ge S, Gao M, Jian R, Chen X, Xu X, Li D, Zhang K, Chen WH. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Embelin and its Derivatives: An Overview. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:396-407. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191015202723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Embelin is a naturally occurring para-benzoquinone isolated from Embelia ribes (Burm. f.)
of the Myrsinaceae family, and contains two carbonyl groups, a methine group and two hydroxyl
groups. With embelin as the lead compound, more than one hundred derivatives have been reported.
Embelin is well known for its ability to antagonize the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)
with an IC50 value of 4.1 μM. The potential of embelin and its derivatives in the treatment of various
cancers has been extensively studied. In addition, these compounds display a variety of other biological
effects: antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic and antifertility activity.
This paper reviews the recent progress in the synthesis and biological activity of embelin and its derivatives.
Their cellular mechanisms of action and prospects in the research and development of new
drugs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Sheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Siyuan Ge
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Min Gao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Rongchao Jian
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Xiaole Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Xuetao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
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Li Z, Chen SJ, Yu XA, Li J, Gao XM, He J, Chang YX. Pharmacokinetic and Bioavailability Studies of Embelin after Intravenous and Oral Administration to Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2019; 2019:9682495. [PMID: 31015855 PMCID: PMC6446108 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9682495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Embelin exhibits the broad bioactivities such as antitumor, antifertility, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective activity. In order to further understand the pharmacokinetic characteristics and oral bioavailability of embelin in vivo, the concentration of embelin in rat plasma was determined by a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The preparation of samples was accomplished by a simple precipitating protein with methanol. Emodin was selected as the internal standard (IS). Embelin and IS were completely separated on an analytical column (Extend-C18, 4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) using 0.1% phosphoric acid in methanol and 0.1% phosphoric acid in aqueous solution (90:10, v/v) as the mobile phase. The lower limit of quantification was 0.15 μg/mL. Oral bioavailability of embelin was 30.2 ± 11.9%. This study could provide the information about pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of embelin, which was useful to assess the clinic efficacy and safety and promote further development of embelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Shu-jing Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xie-an Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xiu-mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jun He
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yan-xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
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Li X, Chen W, Jin Y, Xue R, Su J, Mu Z, Li J, Jiang S. miR-142-5p enhances cisplatin-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by targeting multiple anti-apoptotic genes. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 161:98-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Abstract
Embelin is a naturally-occurring benzoquinone compound that has been shown to possess many biological properties relevant to human cancer prevention and treatment, and increasing evidence indicates that embelin may modulate various characteristic hallmarks of tumor cells. This review summarizes the information related to the various oncogenic pathways that mediate embelin-induced cell death in multiple cancer cells. The mechanisms of the action of embelin are numerous, and most of them induce apoptotic cell death that may be intrinsic or extrinsic, and modulate the NF-κB, p53, PI3K/AKT, and STAT3 signaling pathways. Embelin also induces autophagy in cancer cells; however, these autophagic cell-death mechanisms of embelin have been less reported than the apoptotic ones. Recently, several autophagy-inducing agents have been used in the treatment of different human cancers, although they require further exploration before being transferred from the bench to the clinic. Therefore, embelin could be used as a potential agent for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Srishti Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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Liu Y, Zhang B, Shi T, Qin H. Inhibition of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein suppresses tumorigenesis and enhances chemosensitivity in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95764-95772. [PMID: 29221164 PMCID: PMC5707058 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most lethal carcinoma with a poor prognosis; however, molecular mechanisms underlying the aggressiveness of ATC remain unclear. Our goal was to examine the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in ATC, as well as its role in ATC tumorigenesis. This is a retrospective study of ATC patients from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University during June 2003 to October 2013. The expression of XIAP in tumor specimens of ATC patients was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The roles of XIAP in proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance were investigated by shRNA mediated-knockdown of XIAP in human ATC cell lines. The effect of XIAP on tumorigenesis was evaluated using a xenograft tumor model with nude mice. XIAP expression was significantly higher in the invasive area of ATC samples, whereas XIAP expression was negative in either normal thyroid follicular epithelial cells or the differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma. XIAP-depleted ATC cells showed a remarkable decrease in the proliferation, migration, and invasion compared with the scramble group. Knockdown of XIAP expression significantly enhanced the chemosensitivity of WRO and SW1736 cells to docetaxel or taxane. Moreover, knockdown of XIAP significantly suppressed ATC tumorigenesis in vivo. XIAP is highly expressed in ATC cells and tumors. XIAP play important roles in tumor behaviors and chemosensitivity of ATC cells. XIAP may function in ATC aggressiveness and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for ATC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhang
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiefeng Shi
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huadong Qin
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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Huang C, Zeng X, Jiang G, Liao X, Liu C, Li J, Jin H, Zhu J, Sun H, Wu XR, Huang C. XIAP BIR domain suppresses miR-200a expression and subsequently promotes EGFR protein translation and anchorage-independent growth of bladder cancer cell. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:6. [PMID: 28057023 PMCID: PMC5217641 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is a well-known potent apoptosis suppressor and also participates in cancer cell biological behaviors, therefore attracting great attentions as a potential antineoplastic therapeutic target for past years. Anti-IAP therapy is reported to be closely related to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression level. However, whether and how XIAP modulates EGFR expression remains largely unknown. METHODS Human XIAP was knockdown with short-hairpin RNA in two different bladder cancer cell lines, T24T and UMUC3. Two XIAP mutants, XIAP ∆BIR (deletion of N-terminal three BIR domains) and XIAP ∆RING (deletion of C-terminal RING domain and keeping the function of BIR domains), were generated to determine which domain is involved in regulating EGFR. RESULTS We found here that lacking of XIAP expression resulted in a remarkable suppression of EGFR expression, consequently leading to the deficiency of anchorage-independent cell growth. Further study demonstrated that BIR domain of XIAP was crucial for regulating the EGFR translation by suppressing the transcription and expression of miR-200a. Mechanistic studies indicated that BIR domain activated the protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) activity by decreasing the phosphorylation of PP2A at Tyr307 in its catalytic subunit, PP2A-C. Such activated PP2A prevented the deviant phosphorylation and activation of MAPK kinases/MAPKs, their downstream effector c-Jun, and in turn inhibiting transcription of c-Jun-regulated the miR-200a. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovered a novel function of BIR domain of XIAP in regulating the EGFR translation, providing significant insight into the understanding of the XIAP overexpression in the cancer development and progression, further offering a new theoretical support for using XIAP BIR domain and EGFR as targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Xingruo Zeng
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Guosong Jiang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Xin Liao
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Claire Liu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Honglei Jin
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, 325035
| | - Junlan Zhu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, 325035
| | - Hong Sun
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- VA Medical Center in Manhattan, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA.
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