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Su DQ, Tian XF. Causal associations of cytokines and growth factors with cholelithiasis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Postgrad Med J 2024; 100:84-90. [PMID: 37857513 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that patients with cholelithiasis may have changes in levels of cytokines and growth factors, while their causal relationships were still unclear. METHODS This study was a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Datasets of 41 circulation cytokines and growth factors and the data on cholelithiasis were obtained. Six steps of strict instrumental variable filtration were set, and inverse-variance weighted analysis, MR-Egger regression, and weighted median test were used to identify the causal relationships. Benjamini-Hochberg method was used to adjust the P-values. RESULTS After adjustments of P-values, four cytokines and growth factors were still causally associated with cholelithiasis significantly: interleukin 2 receptor alpha (adjusted P: 4.59E-02), interleukin 8 (adjusted P: 1.09E-02), monocyte-specific chemokine 3 (adjusted P: 2.73E-04), and stem cell factor (adjusted P: 2.73E-04). In the reverse MR analysis, no significant causal relationship was detected after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Four cytokines and growth factors, including interleukin 2 receptor alpha, interleukin 8, monocyte-specific chemokine 3, and stem cell factor, were proven to relate to cholelithiasis causally and unidirectionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Qiang Su
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 132000, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Tian
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 132000, China
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Da X, Xiang Y, Hu H, Kong X, Qiu C, Jiang Z, Zhao G, Cai J, Huang A, Zhang C, He C, Lv B, Zhang H, Yang Y. Identification of changes in bile composition in pancreaticobiliary reflux based on liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry metabolomics. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:5. [PMID: 38166630 PMCID: PMC10759582 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-03097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreaticobiliary reflux (PBR) can induce gallstone formation; however, its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we explored the mechanism of PBR by the non-targeted metabolomic analysis of bile in patients with PBR. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenic mechanism in PBR by the non-targeted metabolomic analysis of bile collected during surgery. METHODS Sixty patients who underwent gallstone surgery at our center from December 2020 to May 2021 were enrolled in the study. According to the level of bile amylase, 30 patients with increased bile amylase ( > 110 U/L) were classified into the PBR group, and the remaining 30 patients were classified into the control group (≤ 110 U/L). The metabolomic analysis of bile was performed. RESULTS The orthogonal projections to latent structure-discriminant analysis of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry showed significant differences in bile components between the PBR and control groups, and 40 metabolites were screened by variable importance for the projection value (VIP > 1). The levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and PC (20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/14:0) decreased significantly, whereas the levels of lysoPC (16:1(9z)/0:0), lysoPC (15:0), lysoPC (16:0), palmitic acid, arachidonic acid, leucine, methionine, L-tyrosine, and phenylalanine increased. CONCLUSIONS Significant differences in bile metabolites were observed between the PBR and control groups. Changes in amino acids and lipid metabolites may be related to stone formation and mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanbo Da
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yukai Xiang
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhaoyan Jiang
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jingli Cai
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Anhua Huang
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chuanqi He
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Beining Lv
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yulong Yang
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Portincasa P, Di Ciaula A, Bonfrate L, Stella A, Garruti G, Lamont JT. Metabolic dysfunction-associated gallstone disease: expecting more from critical care manifestations. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:1897-1918. [PMID: 37455265 PMCID: PMC10543156 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
About 20% of adults worldwide have gallstones which are solid conglomerates in the biliary tree made of cholesterol monohydrate crystals, mucin, calcium bilirubinate, and protein aggregates. About 20% of gallstone patients will definitively develop gallstone disease, a condition which consists of gallstone-related symptoms and/or complications requiring medical therapy, endoscopic procedures, and/or cholecystectomy. Gallstones represent one of the most prevalent digestive disorders in Western countries and patients with gallstone disease are one of the largest categories admitted to European hospitals. About 80% of gallstones in Western countries are made of cholesterol due to disturbed cholesterol homeostasis which involves the liver, the gallbladder and the intestine on a genetic background. The incidence of cholesterol gallstones is dramatically increasing in parallel with the global epidemic of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, expansion of visceral adiposity, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. In this context, gallstones can be largely considered a metabolic dysfunction-associated gallstone disease, a condition prone to specific and systemic preventive measures. In this review we discuss the key pathogenic and clinical aspects of gallstones, as the main clinical consequences of metabolic dysfunction-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Preventive and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePrev-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, p.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Preventive and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePrev-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, p.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Preventive and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePrev-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, p.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stella
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Preventive and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePrev-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - John Thomas Lamont
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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