Ewing's Sarcoma of Mandible: A Very Rare Disease and Review of Indian Literature

Ewing's Sarcoma of Mandible: A Case Report with Review

Aim

To make dentists and pedodontists aware of a possible outcome of a rapidly growing swelling.

Background

Ewing's sarcoma is a rare aggressive variant of small round cell tumors and is an uncommon malignancy that occurs usually in childhood. It constitutes 10–15% of all primary malignant tumors and represents the second most common malignant bone tumor occurring in children and young adults.

Case description

We report a case of Ewing's sarcoma in an 11-year-old male child who reported with a rapidly progressing swelling in the left mandibular posterior region. Panoramic view and computed tomography showed characteristic moth eaten and sun-ray appearance. Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed a small round cell tumor. Since the exact diagnosis is hard to achieve before biopsy, the condition poses a difficult diagnostic dilemma for the clinician. Histopathology was performed for the accurate diagnosis.

Conclusion

Dentists and pedodontists should develop a high index of suspicion in diagnosing cases with rapidly enlarging intraoral or extraoral swellings as early and correct diagnosis may improve clinical management and survival for patients with this disease.

Clinical significance

Our case report is an attempt to help the dental community in developing familiarity with the clinical presentation of Ewing's sarcoma.

How to cite this article

Ahuja US, Puri N, Gupta D, et al. Ewing's Sarcoma of Mandible: A Case Report with Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(5):470–474.

Ewing's Sarcoma Family Tumors in the Jaws: Case Report, Immunohistochemical Analysis and Literature Review

Due to the low incidence of the Ewing's Sarcoma (ES) family tumors, the available epidemiology is likely to be unreliable, and at present, there are no standard diagnostic or clinical guidelines outlining their management. This report describes a case of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES/pPNET) which initially mimicked cystic lesions, and describes a comparison between ES and ES/pPNET in the jaws by the World Health Organization classification. This review addressed 63 cases published in the English literature between 1950 and 2016. The majority of cases were ES. Both ES and ES/pPNET mimicked other benign entities such as traumatic, cystic and inflammatory lesions. The patients who died of their disease had a history of metastatic tumors, and primary tumor located in the mandible and maxilla for ES and ES/pPNET, respectively. The differentiation of the ES family tumors from other small blue-cell tumors may be difficult and requires familiarity with histological and immunohistochemical features.