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Michalska M, Matějka V, Pavlovský J, Praus P, Ritz M, Serenčíšová J, Gembalová L, Kormunda M, Foniok K, Reli M, Simha Martynková G. Effect of Ag modification on TiO 2 and melem/g-C 3N 4 composite on photocatalytic performances. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5270. [PMID: 37002319 PMCID: PMC10066401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, the comparison of two different semiconductor materials is demonstrated, TiO2 and melem/g-C3N4 composites-modified with balls of approximately 5 nm Ag nanoparticles (NPs) as photocatalysts for the degradation of the model dye acid orange 7 (AO7). The melem molecule synthesized here is one of a series of organic compounds consisting of triazine ring compounds with a structure similar to that of melam and melamine. The photodegradation process of AO7 was carried out to examine all powder materials as a potential photocatalyst. Additionally, two different lamps of wavelengths 368 nm (UV light) and 420 nm (VIS light) were applied to compare the photodegradation tests. A new synthesis route for the acquisition of Ag NPs (Ag content 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 wt%), based on a wet and low temperature method without the use of reducing reagents was proposed. The best photocatalytic performances under UV and VIS light were obtained for both, TiO2 and melem/g-C3N4 materials (new synthesis route) modified with a very low Ag content-0.5 wt%. The photodegradation activities using UV lamp (3 h, 368 nm irradiation) for samples with 0.5 wt% of Ag: TiO2 and melem/g-C3N4, in excess of 95 and 94%, respectively, were achieved. The highest photoactive materials melem/g-C3N4 with 0.5 and 1 wt% Ag revealed 98% of activity under the VIS lamp after 3 h long irradiation. Our work demonstrates a novel, environmentally acceptable, and cost-effective chemical strategy for preparation of photocatalysts suitable for degradation of organic contaminants in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Michalska
- Department of Chemistry and Physico-Chemical Processes, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - V Matějka
- Department of Chemistry and Physico-Chemical Processes, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - J Pavlovský
- Department of Chemistry and Physico-Chemical Processes, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - P Praus
- Department of Chemistry and Physico-Chemical Processes, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
- Institute of Environmental Technology, CEET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - M Ritz
- Department of Chemistry and Physico-Chemical Processes, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - J Serenčíšová
- Energy Research Centre, CEET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - L Gembalová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - M Kormunda
- Faculty of Science, J. E. Purkyně University, Pasteurova 15, 400 96, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - K Foniok
- Department of Chemistry and Physico-Chemical Processes, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - M Reli
- Institute of Environmental Technology, CEET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - G Simha Martynková
- Nanotechnology Centre, CEET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
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Glažar D, Jerman I, Tomšič B, Chouhan RS, Simončič B. Emerging and Promising Multifunctional Nanomaterial for Textile Application Based on Graphitic Carbon Nitride Heterostructure Nanocomposites. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:408. [PMID: 36770371 PMCID: PMC9920882 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites constructed with heterostructures of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), silver (Ag), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) have emerged as promising nanomaterials for various environmental, energy, and clinical applications. In the field of textiles, Ag and TiO2 are already recognized as essential nanomaterials for the chemical surface and bulk modification of various textile materials, but the application of composites with g-C3N4 as a green and visible-light-active photocatalyst has not yet been fully established. This review provides an overview of the construction of Ag/g-C3N4, TiO2/g-C3N4, and Ag/TiO2/g-C3N4 heterostructures; the mechanisms of their photocatalytic activity; and the application of photocatalytic textile platforms in the photochemical activation of organic synthesis, energy generation, and the removal of various organic pollutants from water. Future prospects for the functionalization of textiles using g-C3N4-containing heterostructures with Ag and TiO2 are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Glažar
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Jerman
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brigita Tomšič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Raghuraj Singh Chouhan
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova Cesta 3, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Simončič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Fernandes RA, Sampaio MJ, Faria JL, Silva CG. Synthesis of Vitamin B3 through a Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Approach Using Metal-Free Carbon Nitride-Based Catalysts. Molecules 2022; 27:1295. [PMID: 35209082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid, VB3) was synthesized through the photocatalytic oxidation of 3-pyridinemethanol (3PM) under visible-light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation using metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) - based materials. A bulk (GCN) material was prepared by a simple thermal treatment using dicyandiamide as the precursor. A post-thermal treatment under static air and nitrogen flow was employed to obtain the GCN-T and GCN-T-N materials, respectively. The conditions adopted during the post-treatment revealed differences in the resulting materials’ morphological, electronic, and optical properties. The post-treated photocatalysts revealed an enhanced efficiency in the oxidation of 3PM into VB3, with the GCN-T-N photocatalyst being the best-performing material. The defective surface, reduced crystallinity, and superior photoabsorption of GCN-T-N account for this material’s improved performance in the production of VB3. Nevertheless, the presence of nitrogen vacancies in the carbon nitride structure and, consequently, the creation of mid-gap states also accounts to its highly oxidative ability. The immobilization of GCN-T-N in sodium alginate hydrogel was revealed as a promising strategy to produce VB3, avoiding the need for the photocatalyst separation step. Concerning the mechanism of synthesis of VB3 through the photocatalytic oxidation of 3PM, it was possible to identify the presence of 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (3PC) as the intermediary product.
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