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Krzyściak W, Bystrowska B, Karcz P, Chrzan R, Bryll A, Turek A, Mazur P, Śmierciak N, Szwajca M, Donicz P, Furman K, Pilato F, Kozicz T, Popiela T, Pilecki M. Association of Blood Metabolomics Biomarkers with Brain Metabolites and Patient-Reported Outcomes as a New Approach in Individualized Diagnosis of Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2294. [PMID: 38396971 PMCID: PMC10888632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Given its polygenic nature, there is a need for a personalized approach to schizophrenia. The aim of the study was to select laboratory biomarkers from blood, brain imaging, and clinical assessment, with an emphasis on patients' self-report questionnaires. Metabolomics studies of serum samples from 51 patients and 45 healthy volunteers, based on the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), led to the identification of 3 biochemical indicators (cortisol, glutamate, lactate) of schizophrenia. These metabolites were sequentially correlated with laboratory tests results, imaging results, and clinical assessment outcomes, including patient self-report outcomes. The hierarchical cluster analysis on the principal components (HCPC) was performed to identify the most homogeneous clinical groups. Significant correlations were noted between blood lactates and 11 clinical and 10 neuroimaging parameters. The increase in lactate and cortisol were significantly associated with a decrease in immunological parameters, especially with the level of reactive lymphocytes. The strongest correlations with the level of blood lactate and cortisol were demonstrated by brain glutamate, N-acetylaspartate and the concentrations of glutamate and glutamine, creatine and phosphocreatine in the prefrontal cortex. Metabolomics studies and the search for associations with brain parameters and self-reported outcomes may provide new diagnostic evidence to specific schizophrenia phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirginia Krzyściak
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Beata Bystrowska
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Paulina Karcz
- Department of Electroradiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Health Sciences, 31-126 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Robert Chrzan
- Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, 31-503 Krakow, Poland; (R.C.); (A.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Amira Bryll
- Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, 31-503 Krakow, Poland; (R.C.); (A.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Aleksander Turek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.T.); (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Paulina Mazur
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Natalia Śmierciak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.T.); (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Marta Szwajca
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.T.); (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Paulina Donicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.T.); (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Furman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.T.); (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Fabio Pilato
- Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Tadeusz Popiela
- Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, 31-503 Krakow, Poland; (R.C.); (A.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Maciej Pilecki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.T.); (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
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Kargbo RB. Perceptual Modifying Compounds and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:12-14. [PMID: 38229761 PMCID: PMC10788933 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychedelic compounds, including ketamine and LSD, have gained renewed interest as potential treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders. These compounds act as psychoplastogens, promoting neuronal growth by activating AMPA receptors, TrkB, and mTOR. The prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role in their therapeutic effects through top-down control over brain regions involved in motivation, fear, and reward. Some of these compounds exhibit antidepressant effects by enhancing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis while also demonstrating anxiolytic properties through the modulation of fear circuits. Additionally, they show promise as anti-addictive agents by disrupting addictive patterns and promoting neuroplasticity. The exploration of how psychedelic substances can be therapeutically beneficial reveals new opportunities for addressing conditions like major depressive disorder, anxiety, and addiction.
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