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Fenni SE, Müller AJ, Cavallo D. Understanding polymer nucleation by studying droplets crystallization in immiscible polymer blends. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nadkarni VM, Shingankuli VL, Jog JP. Thermal and Crystallization Behaviour of Polyphenylene Sulfide in Engineering Polymer Blends with HDPE. INT POLYM PROC 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-1987-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The thermal and crystallization behaviour of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) in its blends with high density polyethylene (HDPE) is reported. Three grades of HDPE ranging in MFI from 0.4 to 52 were used in the investigation. The effect of composition and molecular weight of HDPE on the crystallization process and morphology of PPS in the blends has been investigated by the technique of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).
In the blends, PPS crystallizes in presence of molten HDPE. It is observed that the morphology of PPS in terms of crystallite size and crystallite size distribution in the blends is significantly affected by blending with HDPE. The temperature onset of melting was found to increase with increasing HDPE content and the melting peak width was found to decrease with increasing HDPE content. This indicates a larger crystallite size and a narrower crystallite size distribution of PPS in blends. The effect is more pronounced in HDPE-rich compositions. The extent of the variation in the temperature onset of melting and peak width were comparable for all the grades of HDPE. The degree of crystallinity of PPS in the blends is reduced significantly (55–70%) in HDPE-rich blends. Therefore, it is concluded that the crystallization of PPS is affected by the presence of HDPE melt.
The crystallization scans of PPS in the blends, obtained in the cooling mode, did not show any evidence of accelerated nucleation. On the other hand, a marginal reduction in the temperature onset of crystallization was observed. The temperature range of crystallization of PPS in the blends was found to be less for all compositions except for 90/10 (PPS/HDPE). In summary it is concluded that blending of HDPE with PPS influences the crystal growth of PPS significantly although the effect on its homogeneous nucleation is also considerable. As a result, the morphology of PPS crystallized in blends is different from that of the homopolymer. The changes in the morphology of PPS are not sensitive to the molecular weight of HDPE probably because of the high temperature of PPS crystallization relative to the melting point of HDPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. M. Nadkarni
- Polymer Science and Engineering Group, Chemical Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory , Pune , India
| | - V. L. Shingankuli
- Polymer Science and Engineering Group, Chemical Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory , Pune , India
| | - J. P. Jog
- Polymer Science and Engineering Group, Chemical Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory , Pune , India
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Fenni SE, Caputo MR, Müller AJ, Cavallo D. Surface Roughness Enhances Self-Nucleation of High-Density Polyethylene Droplets Dispersed within Immiscible Blends. Macromolecules 2022; 55:1412-1423. [PMID: 35237024 PMCID: PMC8874415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Highly linear or
high-density polyethylenes (HDPEs) have an intrinsically
high nucleation density compared to other polyolefins. Enhancing their
nucleation density by self-nucleation is therefore difficult, leading
to a narrow self-nucleation Domain (i.e., the so-called DomainII or the temperature Domain where self-nuclei can be injected into the material without the
occurrence of annealing). In this work, we report that when HDPE is
blended (up to 50%) with immiscible matrices, such as atactic polystyrene
(PS) or Nylon 6, its self-nucleation capacity can be greatly increased.
In addition, temperatures higher than the equilibrium melting temperature
of the HDPE phase are needed to erase the significantly enhanced crystalline
memory in the blends. Morphological evidence gathered by Scanning
and Transmission Electron Microscopies (SEM and TEM) indicates that
these unexpected results can be explained by the modification of the
interface between blend components. The filling of the solid HDPE
surface asperities by the low viscosity polystyrene during heating
to the self-nucleation temperature, or the crystallization of the
matrix in the case of Nylon 6, enhances the interface roughness between
the two polymers in the blends. Such rougher interfaces can remarkably
increase the self-nucleation capacity of the HDPE phase via surface
nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seif Eddine Fenni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Caputo
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
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Carmeli E, Kandioller G, Gahleitner M, Müller AJ, Tranchida D, Cavallo D. Continuous Cooling Curve Diagrams of Isotactic-Polypropylene/Polyethylene Blends: Mutual Nucleating Effects under Fast Cooling Conditions. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Carmeli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Gottfried Kandioller
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters, St. Peterstrasse 25, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Markus Gahleitner
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters, St. Peterstrasse 25, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Davide Tranchida
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters, St. Peterstrasse 25, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
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Nara S, Watanabe K, Oyama HT, Saito H. Control of crystallization in two‐phase blends of poly(phenylene sulfide) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone). Polymer Crystallization 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saori Nara
- Polymer Processing Technical Division DIC Corporation Ichihara‐shi Chiba Japan
- Department of Organic and Polymer Materials Chemistry Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei‐shi Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Hideko T. Oyama
- Department of Chemistry Rikkyo University Toshima‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiromu Saito
- Department of Organic and Polymer Materials Chemistry Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei‐shi Tokyo Japan
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Robert M, Fulchiron R, Cassagnau P. Rheology and crystallization behavior of polypropylene and high‐density polyethylene in the presence of a low molar mass polyethylene. Polymer Crystallization 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Robert
- Univ‐LyonUniversité Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223 Villeurbanne France
| | - René Fulchiron
- Univ‐LyonUniversité Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223 Villeurbanne France
| | - Philippe Cassagnau
- Univ‐LyonUniversité Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223 Villeurbanne France
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Kamdar A, Ayyer R, Poon B, Marchand G, Hiltner A, Baer E. Effect of tie-layer thickness on the adhesion of ethylene–octene copolymers to polypropylene. POLYMER 2009; 50:3319-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- D. C. Bassett
- a J. J. Thomson Physical Laboratory , University of Reading , Reading, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- R. H. Olley
- a J. J. Thomson Physical Laboratory , Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 2AF, England
| | - D. C. Bassett
- a J. J. Thomson Physical Laboratory , Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 2AF, England
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Rybnikaá[rbreve]
- a Technical University Brno, Faculty of Technology , 762 72, Gottwaldov, Czechoslovakia
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Jose S, Aprem A, Francis B, Chandy M, Werner P, Alstaedt V, Thomas S. Phase morphology, crystallisation behaviour and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene/high density polyethylene blends. Eur Polym J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rachtanapun P, Selke SEM, Matuana LM. Effect of the high-density polyethylene melt index on the microcellular foaming of high-density polyethylene/polypropylene blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2004; 93:364-71. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kim MS, Levon K. Crystallization and phase separation of high-density polyethylene in the presence of comb-like polymer, poly(octadecyl acrylate). Eur Polym J 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-3057(97)00026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth L. McEvoy
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science and Engineering Program, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590
| | - Sonja Krause
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science and Engineering Program, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590
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Bidaux J, Smith GD, Bernet N, Månson JE, Hilborn J. Fusion bonding of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene to polyamide 6 via in situ block copolymer formation at the interface. POLYMER 1996; 37:1129-36. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(96)80839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Avalos F, Lopez-manchado M, Arroyo M. Crystallization kinetics of polypropylene: 1. Effect of small additions of low-density polyethylene. POLYMER 1996; 37:5681-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(96)00429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shibayama M, Izutani A, Ishikawa A, Tanaka K, Nomura S. Peeling of Iaminated films comprising high-density polyethylene and polypropylene/low-density polyethylene blends. POLYMER 1994; 35:271-80. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(94)90690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Spadaro G, Rizzo G. Mechanical properties of blends of low density polyethylene with isotactic polypropylene II. effect of mixing temperature and rate. Eur Polym J 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(89)90178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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