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Mortensen A, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Di Domenico A, Dusemund B, Frutos MJ, Galtier P, Gott D, Gundert‐Remy U, Leblanc J, Lindtner O, Moldeus P, Mosesso P, Parent‐Massin D, Oskarsson A, Stankovic I, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Woutersen RA, Wright M, Younes M, Boon P, Chrysafidis D, Gürtler R, Tobback P, Arcella D, Rincon AM, Lambré C. Re‐evaluation of β‐cyclodextrin (E 459) as a food additive. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Anderson JC, Beyger L, Guchardi J, Holdway D. Chronic effects of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on reproduction in the American flagfish (Jordanella floridae) over one complete life cycle. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016; 35:1358-1363. [PMID: 26467440 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the environmental risks of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has become very important in the field of aquatic toxicology. Hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) is an amphiphilic, toroidal shaped molecule with the ability to form noncovalent inclusion complexes with a variety of guest molecules. The molecule can reduce volatility as well as improve the aqueous solubility of apolar guest compounds and is an emerging PPCP. As such, HPβCD is the active ingredient in Febreze (Procter & Gamble) and is extensively used as an excipient in the pharmaceutical industry. With the potential for entering the environment through waste-water treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, HPβCD poses an unknown risk to nontarget aquatic biota. A 145-d chronic full life-cycle exposure using American flagfish (Jordanella floridae) was completed using flow-through nominal concentrations of 0 µg/L (control), 5 µg/L, 16 µg/L, 50 µg/L, 160 µg/L, 500 µg/L, and 1600 μg/L of HPβCD maintained via a peristaltic pump. Fecundity, growth, and liver somatic index were all monitored, and no significant difference was found between treatments and controls (p > 0.05). However, a significant increase in the gonadosomatic index was observed in females exposed to HPβCD (p ≤ 0.05). Reduced offspring growth was observed after exposure in the same manner as the parental generation (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, an acute copper toxicity challenge assay was conducted on second-generation flagfish larvae, and a decrease in copper tolerance was observed in larval progeny from parents exposed to HPβCD. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1358-1363. © 2015 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C Anderson
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay Beyger
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Guchardi
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas Holdway
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
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Walsh J, Cram A, Woertz K, Breitkreutz J, Winzenburg G, Turner R, Tuleu C. Playing hide and seek with poorly tasting paediatric medicines: do not forget the excipients. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 73:14-33. [PMID: 24614069 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of paediatric medicines can be challenging since this is a diverse patient population with specific needs. For example, the toxicity of excipients may differ in children compared to adults and children have different taste preferences. Acceptable palatability of oral paediatric medicinal products is of great importance to facilitate patient adherence. This has been recognised by regulatory authorities and so is becoming a key aspect of paediatric pharmaceutical development studies. Many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have aversive taste characteristics and so it is necessary to utilise taste masking techniques to improve the palatability of paediatric oral formulations. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of different approaches to taste masking APIs in paediatric oral dosage forms, with a focus on the tolerability of excipients used. In addition, where possible, the provision of examples of some marketed products is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Walsh
- Jenny Walsh Consulting Ltd, BioCity Nottingham, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, United Kingdom.
| | - Anne Cram
- Drug Product Development, Pfizer Ltd, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Katharina Woertz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Building 26.22, Universitaetsstrasse 1,40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Joerg Breitkreutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Building 26.22, Universitaetsstrasse 1,40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | | | - Roy Turner
- Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Catherine Tuleu
- Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
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Klein S, Wempe MF, Zoeller T, Buchanan NL, Lambert JL, Ramsey MG, Edgar KJ, Buchanan CM. Improving glyburide solubility and dissolution by complexation with hydroxybutenyl-β-cyclodextrin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.01.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Glyburide, an important drug for type 2 diabetes, has extremely poor aqueous solubility and resulting low bioavailability. This study describes the ability of hydroxybutenyl-β-cyclodextrin (HBenBCD) to form complexes with glyburide, with enhanced solubility and dissolution rate in vitro.
Method
Glyburide and glyburide-HBenBCD were evaluated in various test media known to simulate human gastrointestinal conditions in the fasted and fed states, respectively.
Key findings
At ∼14 wt% drug load, in the presence of HBenBCD, an almost 400-fold increase in glyburide aqueous solubility was observed. In the presence of HBenBCD, glyburide solubility was also significantly improved in all physiologically relevant test media. Subsequent dissolution experiments confirmed the solubility study results; the dissolution rate and total amount of drug released were significantly increased.
Conclusions
Complexation with HBenBCD may be an effective way to increase the bioavailability of glyburide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Klein
- Goethe University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michael F Wempe
- Eastman Chemical Company, Research Laboratories, Kingsport, TN, US
- Department of Pharmacology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, US
| | - Thomas Zoeller
- Goethe University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Norma L Buchanan
- Eastman Chemical Company, Research Laboratories, Kingsport, TN, US
| | | | - Michael G Ramsey
- Eastman Chemical Company, Research Laboratories, Kingsport, TN, US
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Virginia Tech Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, Blacksburg, VA, US
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Abstract
beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and other cyclodextrins (CDs) have utility for solubilizing and stabilizing drugs; however, some are nephrotoxic when administered parenterally. A number of workers have attempted to identify, prepare, and evaluate various CD derivatives with superior inclusion complexation and maximal in vivo safety for various biomedical uses. A systematic study led to SBE-beta-CD (Captisol), a polyanionic variably substituted sulfobutyl ether of beta-CD, as a non-nephrotoxic derivative and HP-beta-CD, a modified CD developed by Janssen. SBE-beta-CD and HP-beta-CD have undergone extensive safety studies and are currently used in six products approved by the Food and Drug Administration (four for Captisol and two for HP-beta-CD). They are also in use in numerous clinical and preclinical studies. This article will focus on the issues that led to the development of these two CDs, their safety, characterization, and applications, and especially their ability to improve drug delivery. SBE-beta-CD interacts very well with neutral drugs to facilitate solubility and chemical stability, and because of its polyanionic nature, it interacts particularly well with cationic drugs. Complexes between SBE-beta-CD and HP-beta-CD and various drugs have been shown to rapidly dissociate after parenteral drug administration, to have no tissue-irritating effects after intramuscular dosing, and to result in superior oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and cellular effects of some representative CDs, including SBE-beta-CD and HP-beta-CD, are reviewed. The safety profiles of CDs are discussed, with emphasis on the biological effects of some CDs on the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, and reproduction and development and the carcinogenic potential of CDs. In addition, human experience with CD derivatives, specifically SBE-beta-CD and HP-beta-CD, indicates that these two CDs are well tolerated in humans and have no adverse effects on the kidneys or other organs following either oral or intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino J Stella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA.
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Abstract
The objective of this review is to summarize recent findings on the safety profiles of three natural cyclodextrins (alpha-, beta- and gamma-CDs) and several chemically modified CDs. To demonstrate the potential of CDs in pharmaceutical formulations, their stability against non-enzymatic and enzymatic degradations in various body fluids and tissue homogenates and their pharmacokinetics via parenteral, oral, transmucosal, and dermal routes of administration are outlined. Furthermore, the bioadaptabilities of CDs, including in vitro cellular interactions and in vivo safety profiles, via a variety of administration routes are addressed. Finally, the therapeutic potentials of CDs are discussed on the basis of their ability to interact with various endogenous and exogenous lipophiles or, especially for sulfated CDs, their effects on cellular processes mediated by heparin binding growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Irie
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
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