1
|
Markham L, Koelblen T, Chobanian HR, Follis AV, Burris TP, Micalizio GC. From Functional Fatty Acids to Potent and Selective Natural-Product-Inspired Mimetics via Conformational Profiling. ACS Cent Sci 2024; 10:477-486. [PMID: 38435518 PMCID: PMC10906247 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acids play important signaling roles in biology, albeit typically lacking potency or selectivity, due to their substantial conformational flexibility. While being recognized as having properties of potentially great value as therapeutics, it is often the case that the functionally relevant conformation of the natural fatty acid is not known, thereby complicating efforts to develop natural-product-inspired ligands that have similar functional properties along with enhanced potency and selectivity profiles. In other words, without structural information associated with a particular functional relationship and the hopelessly unbiased conformational preferences of the endogenous ligand, one is molecularly ill-informed regarding the precise ligand-receptor interactions that play a role in driving the biological activity of interest. To address this problem, a molecular strategy to query the relevance of distinct subpopulations of fatty acid conformers has been established through "conformational profiling", a process whereby a unique collection of chiral and conformationally constrained fatty acids is employed to deconvolute beneficial structural features that impart natural-product-inspired function. Using oleic acid as an example because it is known to engage a variety of receptors, including GPR40, GPR120, and TLX, a 24-membered collection of mimetics was designed and synthesized. It was then demonstrated that this collection contained members that have enhanced potency and selectivity profiles, with some being clearly biased for engagement of the GPCRs GPR40 and GPR120 while others were identified as potent and selective modulators of the nuclear receptor TLX. A chemical synthesis strategy that exploited the power of modern technology for stereoselective synthesis was critical to achieving success, establishing a common sequence of bond-forming reactions to access a disparate collection of chiral mimetics, whose conformational preferences are impacted by the nature of stereodefined moieties differentially positioned about the C18 skeleton of the parent fatty acid. Overall, this study establishes a foundation to fuel future programs aimed at developing natural-product-inspired fatty acid mimetics as valuable tools in chemical biology and potential therapeutic leads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren
E. Markham
- Department
of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Thomas Koelblen
- University
of Florida Genetics Institute, P.O. Box 103610, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Harry R. Chobanian
- ROME
Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 1001, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ariele Viacava Follis
- ROME
Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 1001, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Thomas P. Burris
- University
of Florida Genetics Institute, P.O. Box 103610, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Glenn C. Micalizio
- Department
of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Masuda LHP, Sabino AU, Reinitz J, Ramos AF, Machado-Lima A, Andrioli LP. Global repression by tailless during segmentation. Dev Biol 2024; 505:11-23. [PMID: 37879494 PMCID: PMC10949167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor Tailless (Tll) exhibits conserved roles in brain formation and maintenance that are shared, for example, with vertebrate orthologous forms (Tlx). However, the early expression of tll in two gap domains in the segmentation cascade of Drosophila is unusual even for most other insects. Here we investigate tll regulation on pair-rule stripes. With ectopic misexpression of tll we detected unexpected repression of almost all pair-rule stripes of hairy (h), even-skipped (eve), runt (run), and fushi-tarazu (ftz). Examining Tll embryonic ChIP-chip data with regions mapped as Cis-Regulatory Modules (CRMs) of pair-rule stripes we verified Tll interactions to these regions. With the ChIP-chip data we also verified Tll interactions to the CRMs of gap domains and in the misexpression assay, Tll-mediated repression on Kruppel (Kr), kni (kni) and giant (gt) according to their differential sensitivity to Tll. These results with gap genes confirmed previous data from the literature and argue against indirect repression roles of Tll in the striped pattern. Moreover, the prediction of Tll binding sites in the CRMs of eve stripes and the mathematical modeling of their removal using an experimentally validated theoretical framework shows effects on eve stripes compatible with the absence of a repressor binding to the CRMs. In addition, modeling increased tll levels in the embryo results in the differential repression of eve stripes, agreeing well with the results of the misexpression assay. In genetic assays we investigated eve 5, that is strongly repressed by the ectopic domain and representative of more central stripes not previously implied to be under direct regulation of tll. While this stripe is little affected in tll-, its posterior border is expanded in gt- but detected with even greater expansion in gt-;tll-. We end up by discussing tll with key roles in combinatorial repression mechanisms to contain the expression of medial patterns of the segmentation cascade in the extremities of the embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Utsuni Sabino
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John Reinitz
- Departments of Statistics, Ecology and Evolution, Molecular Genetics & Cell Biology, Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Ariane Machado-Lima
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Andrioli
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Connor B, Titialii-Torres K, Rockenhaus AE, Passamonte S, Morris AC, Lee YS. Biliverdin regulates NR2E3 and zebrafish retinal photoreceptor development. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7310. [PMID: 35508617 PMCID: PMC9068610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
NR2E3 is an orphan nuclear receptor whose loss-of-function causes abnormal retinal photoreceptor development and degeneration. However, despite that many nuclear receptors are regulated by binding of small molecule ligands, biological small molecule ligands regulating NR2E3 have not been identified. Identification of an endogenous NR2E3 ligand might reveal a previously unrecognized component contributing to retinal development and maintenance. Here we report that biliverdin, a conserved green pigment from heme catabolism, regulates NR2E3 and is necessary for zebrafish retinal photoreceptor development. Biliverdin from retinal extracts specifically bound to NR2E3’s ligand-binding domain and induced NR2E3-dependent reporter gene expression. Inhibition of biliverdin synthesis decreased photoreceptor cell populations in zebrafish larvae, and this phenotype was alleviated by exogenously supplied biliverdin. Thus, biliverdin is an endogenous small molecule ligand for NR2E3 and a component necessary for the proper development of photoreceptor cells. This result suggests a possible role of heme metabolism in the regulation of retinal photoreceptor cell development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blaine Connor
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | | | - Abigail E Rockenhaus
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Samuel Passamonte
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Ann C Morris
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen X, Bai X, Liu H, Zhao B, Yan Z, Hou Y, Chu Q. Population Genomic Sequencing Delineates Global Landscape of Copy Number Variations that Drive Domestication and Breed Formation of in Chicken. Front Genet 2022; 13:830393. [PMID: 35391799 PMCID: PMC8980806 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.830393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) is an important genetic mechanism that drives evolution and generates new phenotypic variations. To explore the impact of CNV on chicken domestication and breed shaping, the whole-genome CNVs were detected via multiple methods. Using the whole-genome sequencing data from 51 individuals, corresponding to six domestic breeds and wild red jungle fowl (RJF), we determined 19,329 duplications and 98,736 deletions, which covered 11,123 copy number variation regions (CNVRs) and 2,636 protein-coding genes. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that these individuals could be divided into four populations according to their domestication and selection purpose. Seventy-two highly duplicated CNVRs were detected across all individuals, revealing pivotal roles of nervous system (NRG3, NCAM2), sensory (OR), and follicle development (VTG2) in chicken genome. When contrasting the CNVs of domestic breeds to those of RJFs, 235 CNVRs harboring 255 protein-coding genes, which were predominantly involved in pathways of nervous, immunity, and reproductive system development, were discovered. In breed-specific CNVRs, some valuable genes were identified, including HOXB7 for beard trait in Beijing You chicken; EDN3, SLMO2, TUBB1, and GFPT1 for melanin deposition in Silkie chicken; and SORCS2 for aggressiveness in Luxi Game fowl. Moreover, CSMD1 and NTRK3 with high duplications found exclusively in White Leghorn chicken, and POLR3H, MCM9, DOCK3, and AKR1B1L found in Recessive White Rock chicken may contribute to high egg production and fast-growing traits, respectively. The candidate genes of breed characteristics are valuable resources for further studies on phenotypic variation and the artificial breeding of chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Huagui Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixun Yan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Chu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Puebla M, Tapia PJ, Espinoza H. Key Role of Astrocytes in Postnatal Brain and Retinal Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052646. [PMID: 35269788 PMCID: PMC8910249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a key process in various physiological and pathological conditions in the nervous system and in the retina during postnatal life. Although an increasing number of studies have addressed the role of endothelial cells in this event, the astrocytes contribution in angiogenesis has received less attention. This review is focused on the role of astrocytes as a scaffold and in the stabilization of the new blood vessels, through different molecules release, which can modulate the angiogenesis process in the brain and in the retina. Further, differences in the astrocytes phenotype are addressed in glioblastoma, one of the most devastating types of brain cancer, in order to provide potential targets involved in the cross signaling between endothelial cells, astrocytes and glioma cells, that mediate tumor progression and pathological angiogenesis. Given the relevance of astrocytes in angiogenesis in physiological and pathological conditions, future studies are required to better understand the interrelation between endothelial and astrocyte signaling pathways during this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Puebla
- Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile;
| | - Pablo J. Tapia
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Av. Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago 7500000, Chile;
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de las Américas, Av. República 71, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Hilda Espinoza
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Av. Ejército Libertador 171, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Belonwu SA, Li Y, Bunis D, Rao AA, Solsberg CW, Tang A, Fragiadakis GK, Dubal DB, Oskotsky T, Sirota M. Sex-Stratified Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Identifies Sex-Specific and Cell Type-Specific Transcriptional Responses in Alzheimer's Disease Across Two Brain Regions. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:276-293. [PMID: 34669146 PMCID: PMC8786804 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a pervasive neurodegenerative disorder that disproportionately affects women. Since neural anatomy and disease pathophysiology differ by sex, investigating sex-specific mechanisms in AD pathophysiology can inform new therapeutic approaches for both sexes. Previous bulk human brain RNA sequencing studies have revealed sex differences in dysregulated molecular pathways related to energy production, neuronal function, and immune response; however, the sex differences in disease mechanisms are yet to be examined comprehensively on a single-cell level. We leveraged nearly 74,000 cells from human prefrontal and entorhinal cortex samples from the first two publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing AD datasets to perform a case versus control sex-stratified differential gene expression analysis and pathway network enrichment in a cell type-specific manner for each brain region. Our examination at the single-cell level revealed sex differences in AD prominently in glial cells of the prefrontal cortex. In the entorhinal cortex, we observed the same genes and networks to be perturbed in opposing directions between sexes in AD relative to healthy state. Our findings contribute to growing evidence of sex differences in AD-related transcriptomic changes, which can fuel the development of therapies that may prove more effective at reversing AD pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella A Belonwu
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, 490 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yaqiao Li
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, 490 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Bunis
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, 490 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arjun Arkal Rao
- CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Warly Solsberg
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, 490 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alice Tang
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, 490 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela K Fragiadakis
- CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dena B Dubal
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Tomiko Oskotsky
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, 490 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, 490 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Majidi S, Ogilvie JM, Flaveny CA. Retinal Degeneration: Short-Term Options and Long-Term Vision for Future Therapy. Mo Med 2021; 118:466-472. [PMID: 34658442 PMCID: PMC8504501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The leading cause blindness is the loss of retinal ganglion cells which connect the retina to the brain. Degenerative retinal diseases include retinal dystrophy, macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, which are currently incurable as the mammalian retina has no intrinsic regenerative capacity. By utilizing insight gained from retinal regeneration in simpler species we define an approach that may unlock regenerative programs in the mammalian retina that potentially facilitate the clinical restoration of retinal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Majidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Judith M Ogilvie
- Department of Biology; Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Colin A Flaveny
- Department of Biology; Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rives-Quinto N, Komori H, Ostgaard CM, Janssens DH, Kondo S, Dai Q, Moore AW, Lee CY. Sequential activation of transcriptional repressors promotes progenitor commitment by silencing stem cell identity genes. eLife 2020; 9:e56187. [PMID: 33241994 PMCID: PMC7728440 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells that indirectly generate differentiated cells through intermediate progenitors drives vertebrate brain evolution. Due to a lack of lineage information, how stem cell functionality, including the competency to generate intermediate progenitors, becomes extinguished during progenitor commitment remains unclear. Type II neuroblasts in fly larval brains divide asymmetrically to generate a neuroblast and a progeny that commits to an intermediate progenitor (INP) identity. We identified Tailless (Tll) as a master regulator of type II neuroblast functional identity, including the competency to generate INPs. Successive expression of transcriptional repressors functions through Hdac3 to silence tll during INP commitment. Reducing repressor activity allows re-activation of Notch in INPs to ectopically induce tll expression driving supernumerary neuroblast formation. Knocking-down hdac3 function prevents downregulation of tll during INP commitment. We propose that continual inactivation of stem cell identity genes allows intermediate progenitors to stably commit to generating diverse differentiated cells during indirect neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideyuki Komori
- Life Sciences Institute, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Cyrina M Ostgaard
- Life Sciences Institute, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Derek H Janssens
- Life Sciences Institute, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Shu Kondo
- Invertebrate Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of GeneticsMishimaJapan
| | - Qi Dai
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | | | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Life Sciences Institute, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang YY, Hsu SH, Tsai HY, Cheng MC. Genetic analysis of the NR2E1 gene as a candidate gene of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113386. [PMID: 32805587 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
NR2E1 is implicated in the regulation of neurogenesis and considered as a candidate gene for schizophrenia. We resequenced all the exons of NR2E1 in 547 patients with schizophrenia and 567 controls from Taiwan. We identified five common SNPs with no association with patients with schizophrenia. Further haplotype-based association analysis showed that two haplotypes within NR2E1 were correlated with the schizophrenia risk. Four rare mutations located at untranslated regions were identified in patients with schizophrenia but not in our control sample. The present study suggests that NR2E1 is likely to play a significant role in conferring susceptibility to schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yuan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuli Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hualien County, 981, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuli Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hualien County, 981, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yao Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuli Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hualien County, 981, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chih Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuli Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hualien County, 981, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Y, Gao W, Li Y, Chow ST, Xie W, Zhang X, Zhou J, Chan FL. Interplay between orphan nuclear receptors and androgen receptor-dependent or-independent growth signalings in prostate cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 78:100921. [PMID: 33121737 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is well-established that both the initial and advanced growth of prostate cancer depends critically on androgens and thus on the activated androgen receptor (AR) -mediated signaling pathway. The unique hormone-dependent feature of prostate cancer forms the biological basis of hormone or androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) that aims to suppress the AR signaling by androgen depletion or AR antagonists. ADT still remains the mainstay treatment option for locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. However, most patients upon ADT will inevitably develop therapy-resistance and progress to relapse in the form of castration-resistant disease (castration-resistant prostate cancer or CRPC) or even a more aggressive androgen-independent subtype (therapy-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer or NEPC). Recent advances show that besides AR, some ligand-independent members of nuclear receptor superfamily-designated as orphan nuclear receptors (ONRs), as their endogenous physiological ligands are either absent or not yet identified to date, also play significant roles in the growth regulation of prostate cancer via multiple AR-dependent or -independent (AR-bypass) pathways or mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the newly elucidated roles of ONRs in prostate cancer, with a focus on their interplay in the AR-dependent pathways (intratumoral androgen biosynthesis and suppression of AR signaling) and AR-independent pathways or cellular processes (hypoxia, oncogene- or tumor suppressor-induced senescence, apoptosis and regulation of prostate cancer stem cells). These ONRs with their newly characterized roles not only can serve as novel biomarkers but also as potential therapeutic targets for management of advanced prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Weijie Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Youjia Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sin Ting Chow
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenjuan Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianfu Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Franky Leung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Giorgi Silveira R, Perelló Ferrúa C, do Amaral CC, Fernandez Garcia T, de Souza KB, Nedel F. MicroRNAs expressed in neuronal differentiation and their associated pathways: Systematic review and bioinformatics analysis. Brain Res Bull 2020; 157:140-148. [PMID: 31945407 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) plays an important role in the human brain from the embryonic period to adulthood. In this sense, they influence the development of neural stem cells (NSCs), regulating cellular differentiation and survival. Therefore, due to the importance of better comprehending the regulation of miRNAs in NSCs differentiation and the lack of studies that show the panorama of miRNAs and their signaling pathways studied until now we aimed to systematically review the literature to identify which miRNAs are currently being associated with neuronal differentiation and using bioinformatics analysis to identify their related pathways. A search was carried out in the following databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct, using the descriptors "(microRNA [MeSH])" and "(neurogenesis [MeSH])". From the articles found, two independent and previously calibrated reviewers, using the EndNote X7 (Thomson Reuters, New York, NY, US), selected those that concern miRNA in the development of NSCs, based on in vitro studies. After, bioinformatic analysis was performed using the software DIANA Tools, mirPath v.3. Subsequently, data was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. Among the 106 miRNAs cited by included studies, 55 were up-regulated and 47 were down-regulated. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that among the up-regulated miRNAs there were 24 total and 6 union pathways, and 3 presented a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05). Among the down-regulated miRNAs, 46 total and 13 union pathways were found, with 7 presenting a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05). The miR-125a-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-320 were the most frequently found miRNAs in the pathways determined by bioinformatics. In this study a panel of altered miRNAs in neuronal differentiation was created with their related pathways, which could be a step towards understanding the complex network of miRNAs in neuronal differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Giorgi Silveira
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-901, Brazil
| | - Camila Perelló Ferrúa
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-901, Brazil
| | - Cainá Corrêa do Amaral
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-901, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fernandez Garcia
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-901, Brazil
| | - Karoline Brizola de Souza
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-901, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nedel
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-901, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lucassen PJ, van Dam AM, Kandel P, Bielefeld P, Korosi A, Fitzsimons CP, Maletic-Savatic M. The orphan nuclear receptor TLX: an emerging master regulator of cross-talk between microglia and neural precursor cells. Neuronal Signal 2019; 3:NS20180208. [PMID: 32271856 DOI: 10.1042/NS20180208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and neurogenesis have both been the subject of intensive investigation over the past 20 years. The sheer complexity of their regulation and their ubiquity in various states of health and disease have sometimes obscured the progress that has been made in unraveling their mechanisms and regulation. A recent study by Kozareva et al. (Neuronal Signaling (2019) 3), provides evidence that the orphan nuclear receptor TLX is central to communication between microglia and neural precursor cells and could help us understand how inflammation, mediated by microglia, influences the development of new neurons in the adult hippocampus. Here, we put recent studies on TLX into the context of what is known about adult neurogenesis and microglial activation in the brain, along with the many hints that these processes must be inter-related.
Collapse
|
13
|
Leone L, Colussi C, Gironi K, Longo V, Fusco S, Li Puma DD, D'Ascenzo M, Grassi C. Altered Nup153 Expression Impairs the Function of Cultured Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells Isolated from a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5934-5949. [PMID: 30689197 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis is an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD), playing a crucial role in cognitive dysfunction associated with this pathology. However, the mechanisms underlying defective neurogenesis in AD are still unclear. Recently, the nucleoporin Nup153 has been described as a new epigenetic determinant of adult neural stem cell (NSC) maintenance and fate. Here we investigated whether Nup153 dysfunction could affect the plasticity of NSCs in AD. Nup153 expression was strongly reduced in AD-NSCs, as well as its interaction with the transcription factor Sox2, a master regulator of NSC stemness and their neuronal differentiation. Similar Nup153 reduction was also observed in WT-NSCs treated with amyloid-β (Aβ) or stimulated with a nitric oxide donor. Accordingly, AD-NSCs treated with either a γ-secretase inhibitor or antioxidant compounds showed higher Nup153 levels suggesting that both nitrosative stress and Aβ accumulation affect Nup153 expression. Of note, restoration of Nup153 levels in AD-NSCs promoted their proliferation, as assessed by BrdU incorporation, neurosphere assay, and stemness gene expression analysis. Nup153 overexpression also recovered AD-NSC response to differentiation, increasing the expression of pro-neuronal genes, the percentage of cells positive for neuronal markers, and the acquisition of a more mature neuronal phenotype. Electrophysiological recordings revealed that neurons differentiated from Nup153-transfected AD-NSCs displayed higher Na+ current density, comparable to those deriving from WT-NSCs. Our data uncover a novel role for Nup153 in NSCs from animal model of AD and point to Nup153 as potential target to restore physiological NSC behavior and fate in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Leone
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Claudia Colussi
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Katia Gironi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - Valentina Longo
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Domenica Donatella Li Puma
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Marcello D'Ascenzo
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Allende ML, Cook EK, Larman BC, Nugent A, Brady JM, Golebiowski D, Sena-Esteves M, Tifft CJ, Proia RL. Cerebral organoids derived from Sandhoff disease-induced pluripotent stem cells exhibit impaired neurodifferentiation. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:550-563. [PMID: 29358305 PMCID: PMC5832932 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m081323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandhoff disease, one of the GM2 gangliosidoses, is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the absence of β-hexosaminidase A and B activity and the concomitant lysosomal accumulation of its substrate, GM2 ganglioside. It features catastrophic neurodegeneration and death in early childhood. How the lysosomal accumulation of ganglioside might affect the early development of the nervous system is not understood. Recently, cerebral organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have illuminated early developmental events altered by disease processes. To develop an early neurodevelopmental model of Sandhoff disease, we first generated iPS cells from the fibroblasts of an infantile Sandhoff disease patient, then corrected one of the mutant HEXB alleles in those iPS cells using CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology, thereby creating isogenic controls. Next, we used the parental Sandhoff disease iPS cells and isogenic HEXB-corrected iPS cell clones to generate cerebral organoids that modeled the first trimester of neurodevelopment. The Sandhoff disease organoids, but not the HEXB-corrected organoids, accumulated GM2 ganglioside and exhibited increased size and cellular proliferation compared with the HEXB-corrected organoids. Whole-transcriptome analysis demonstrated that development was impaired in the Sandhoff disease organoids, suggesting that alterations in neuronal differentiation may occur during early development in the GM2 gangliosidoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Allende
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Emily K Cook
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Bridget C Larman
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Adrienne Nugent
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jacqueline M Brady
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Institutes of Health Office of Rare Diseases Research and National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Diane Golebiowski
- Department of Neurology and Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology and Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Institutes of Health Office of Rare Diseases Research and National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Richard L Proia
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|