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Kocaturk NM, Peker N, Eberhart K, Akkoc Y, Deveci G, Dengjel J, Gozuacik D. Novel protein complexes containing autophagy and UPS components regulate proteasome-dependent PARK2 recruitment onto mitochondria and PARK2-PARK6 activity during mitophagy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:947. [PMID: 36357363 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic cellular mechanism through which cytosolic fragments, misfolded/aggregated proteins and organelles are degraded and recycled. Priming of mitochondria through ubiquitylation is required for the clearance the organelle by autophagy (mitophagy). Familial Parkinson's Disease-related proteins, including the E3-ligase PARK2 (PARKIN) and the serine/threonine kinase PARK6 (PINK1) control these ubiquitylation reactions and contribute to the regulation of mitophagy. Here we describe, novel protein complexes containing autophagy protein ATG5 and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) components. We discovered that ATG5 interacts with PSMA7 and PARK2 upon mitochondrial stress. Results suggest that all three proteins translocate mitochondria and involve in protein complexes containing autophagy, UPS and mitophagy proteins. Interestingly, PARK2 and ATG5 recruitment onto mitochondria requires proteasome components PSMA7 and PSMB5. Strikingly, we discovered that subunit of 20 S proteasome, PSMA7, is required for the progression of PARK2-PARK6-mediated mitophagy and the proteasome activity following mitochondrial stress. Our results demonstrate direct, dynamic and functional interactions between autophagy and UPS components that contribute to the regulation of mitophagy.
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Antonioli M, Pagni B, Vescovo T, Ellis R, Cosway B, Rollo F, Bordoni V, Agrati C, Labus M, Covello R, Benevolo M, Ippolito G, Robinson M, Piacentini M, Lovat P, Fimia GM. HPV sensitizes OPSCC cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy through E7-mediated degradation of AMBRA1. Autophagy 2021; 17:2842-2855. [PMID: 33172332 PMCID: PMC8526016 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1847444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is an increasing world health problem with a more favorable prognosis for patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive tumors compared to those with HPV-negative OPSCC. How HPV confers a less aggressive phenotype, however, remains undefined. We demonstrated that HPV-positive OPSCC cells display reduced macroautophagy/autophagy activity, mediated by the ability of HPV-E7 to interact with AMBRA1, to compete with its binding to BECN1 and to trigger its calpain-dependent degradation. Moreover, we have shown that AMBRA1 downregulation and pharmacological inhibition of autophagy sensitized HPV-negative OPSCC cells to the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin. Importantly, semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis in primary OPSCCs confirmed that AMBRA1 expression is reduced in HPV-positive compared to HPV-negative tumors. Collectively, these data identify AMBRA1 as a key target of HPV to impair autophagy and propose the targeting of autophagy as a viable therapeutic strategy to improve treatment response of HPV-negative OPSCC.Abbreviations: AMBRA1: autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1; CDDP: cisplatin (CDDP); FFPE: formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE); HNC: head and neck cancers (HNC); HPV: human papillomavirus (HPV); hrHPV: high risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV); OCSCC: oral cavity squamous carcinomas (OCSSC); OPSCC: oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC); OS: overall survival (OS); qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction; RB1: RB transcriptional corepressor 1; ROC: receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Antonioli
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Pagni
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vescovo
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Rob Ellis
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- AMLo Biosciences Ltd, the Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Benjamin Cosway
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Francesca Rollo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Bordoni
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Marie Labus
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- AMLo Biosciences Ltd, the Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Renato Covello
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Benevolo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Max Robinson
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University and Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Penny Lovat
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- AMLo Biosciences Ltd, the Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
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3
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Manganelli V, Matarrese P, Antonioli M, Gambardella L, Vescovo T, Gretzmeier C, Longo A, Capozzi A, Recalchi S, Riitano G, Misasi R, Dengjel J, Malorni W, Fimia GM, Sorice M, Garofalo T. Raft-like lipid microdomains drive autophagy initiation via AMBRA1-ERLIN1 molecular association within MAMs. Autophagy 2020; 17:2528-2548. [PMID: 33034545 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1834207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) are essential communication subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that interact with mitochondria. We previously demonstrated that, upon macroautophagy/autophagy induction, AMBRA1 is recruited to the BECN1 complex and relocalizes to MAMs, where it regulates autophagy by interacting with raft-like components. ERLIN1 is an endoplasmic reticulum lipid raft protein of the prohibitin family. However, little is known about its association with the MAM interface and its involvement in autophagic initiation. In this study, we investigated ERLIN1 association with MAM raft-like microdomains and its interaction with AMBRA1 in the regulation of the autophagic process. We show that ERLIN1 interacts with AMBRA1 at MAM raft-like microdomains, which represents an essential condition for autophagosome formation upon nutrient starvation, as demonstrated by knocking down ERLIN1 gene expression. Moreover, this interaction depends on the "integrity" of key molecules, such as ganglioside GD3 and MFN2. Indeed, knocking down ST8SIA1/GD3-synthase or MFN2 expression impairs AMBRA1-ERLIN1 interaction at the MAM level and hinders autophagy. In conclusion, AMBRA1-ERLIN1 interaction within MAM raft-like microdomains appears to be pivotal in promoting the formation of autophagosomes.Abbreviations: ACSL4/ACS4: acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4; ACTB/β-actin: actin beta; AMBRA1: autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1; ATG14: autophagy related 14; BECN1: beclin 1; CANX: calnexin; Cy5: cyanine 5; ECL: enhanced chemiluminescence; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERLIN1/KE04: ER lipid raft associated 1; FB1: fumonisin B1; FE: FRET efficiency; FRET: Förster/fluorescence resonance energy transfer; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GD3: aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)ceramide; HBSS: Hanks' balanced salt solution; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; LMNB1: lamin B1; mAb: monoclonal antibody; MAMs: mitochondria-associated membranes; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MFN2: mitofusin 2; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MYC/cMyc: proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor; P4HB: prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta; pAb: polyclonal antibody; PE: phycoerythrin; SCAP/SREBP: SREBF chaperone; SD: standard deviation; ST8SIA1: ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8 sialyltransferase 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TUBB/beta-tubulin: tubulin beta class I; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VDAC1/porin: voltage dependent anion channel 1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Oncology Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Antonioli
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Gambardella
- Oncology Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vescovo
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Christine Gretzmeier
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Agostina Longo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Capozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Recalchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Riitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Misasi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Joern Dengjel
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Suisse, Germany
| | - Walter Malorni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Tina Garofalo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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4
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D'Eletto M, Rossin F, Occhigrossi L, Farrace MG, Faccenda D, Desai R, Marchi S, Refolo G, Falasca L, Antonioli M, Ciccosanti F, Fimia GM, Pinton P, Campanella M, Piacentini M. Transglutaminase Type 2 Regulates ER-Mitochondria Contact Sites by Interacting with GRP75. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3573-3581.e4. [PMID: 30590033 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme that plays a key role in mitochondria homeostasis under stressful cellular conditions. TG2 interactome analysis reveals an enzyme interaction with GRP75 (glucose-regulated protein 75). GRP75 localizes in mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) and acts as a bridging molecule between the two organelles by assembling the IP3R-GRP75-VDAC complex, which is involved in the transport of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria. We demonstrate that the TG2 and GRP75 interaction occurs in MAMs. The absence of the TG2-GRP75 interaction leads to an increase of the interaction between IP3R-3 and GRP75; a decrease of the number of ER-mitochondria contact sites; an impairment of the ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ flux; and an altered profile of the MAM proteome. These findings indicate TG2 is a key regulatory element of the MAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Luca Occhigrossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome 00133, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Faccenda
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Radha Desai
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44122, Italy
| | - Giulia Refolo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani," Rome 00149, Italy
| | - Laura Falasca
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani," Rome 00149, Italy
| | - Manuela Antonioli
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani," Rome 00149, Italy
| | - Fabiola Ciccosanti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani," Rome 00149, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani," Rome 00149, Italy; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44122, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome 00133, Italy; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome 00133, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani," Rome 00149, Italy.
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5
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Mitchell R, Mellows B, Sheard J, Antonioli M, Kretz O, Chambers D, Zeuner MT, Tomkins JE, Denecke B, Musante L, Joch B, Debacq-Chainiaux F, Holthofer H, Ray S, Huber TB, Dengjel J, De Coppi P, Widera D, Patel K. Secretome of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes skeletal muscle regeneration through synergistic action of extracellular vesicle cargo and soluble proteins. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:116. [PMID: 30953537 PMCID: PMC6451311 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underpinning the regenerative capabilities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were originally thought to reside in their ability to recognise damaged tissue and to differentiate into specific cell types that would replace defective cells. However, recent work has shown that molecules produced by MSCs (secretome), particularly those packaged in extracellular vesicles (EVs), rather than the cells themselves are responsible for tissue repair. METHODS Here we have produced a secretome from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) that is free of exogenous molecules by incubation within a saline solution. Various in vitro models were used to evaluate the effects of the secretome on cellular processes that promote tissue regeneration. A cardiotoxin-induced skeletal muscle injury model was used to test the regenerative effects of the whole secretome or isolated extracellular vesicle fraction in vivo. This was followed by bioinformatic analysis of the components of the protein and miRNA content of the secretome and finally compared to a secretome generated from a secondary stem cell source. RESULTS Here we have demonstrated that the secretome from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells shows robust effects on cellular processes that promote tissue regeneration. Furthermore, we show that the whole ADSC secretome is capable of enhancing the rate of skeletal muscle regeneration following acute damage. We assessed the efficacy of the total secretome compared with the extracellular vesicle fraction on a number of assays that inform on tissue regeneration and demonstrate that both fractions affect different aspects of the process in vitro and in vivo. Our in vitro, in vivo, and bioinformatic results show that factors that promote regeneration are distributed both within extracellular vesicles and the soluble fraction of the secretome. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study implies that extracellular vesicles and soluble molecules within ADSC secretome act in a synergistic manner to promote muscle generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Ben Mellows
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Jonathan Sheard
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Sheard BioTech Ltd, 20-22 Wenlock Road, London, N1 7GU UK
| | | | - Oliver Kretz
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Renal Division, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Chambers
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Marie-Theres Zeuner
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - James E. Tomkins
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Luca Musante
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barbara Joch
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Harry Holthofer
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steve Ray
- Micregen, Alderley Edge, Manchester, UK
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Renal Division, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Centre for Systems Biology (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joern Dengjel
- FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel K. Cudjoe
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA
| | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA
| | - Adam M. Hawkridge
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA
- Massey Cancer Center; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA
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7
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Mellows B, Mitchell R, Antonioli M, Kretz O, Chambers D, Zeuner MT, Denecke B, Musante L, Ramachandra DL, Debacq-Chainiaux F, Holthofer H, Joch B, Ray S, Widera D, David AL, Huber TB, Dengjel J, De Coppi P, Patel K. Protein and Molecular Characterization of a Clinically Compliant Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Fraction Capable of Accelerating Muscle Regeneration Through Enhancement of Angiogenesis. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1316-1333. [PMID: 28679310 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretome of human amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) has great potential as a therapeutic agent in regenerative medicine. However, it must be produced in a clinically compliant manner before it can be used in humans. In this study, we developed a means of producing a biologically active secretome from AFSCs that is free of all exogenous molecules. We demonstrate that the full secretome is capable of promoting stem cell proliferation, migration, and protection of cells against senescence. Furthermore, it has significant anti-inflammatory properties. Most importantly, we show that it promotes tissue regeneration in a model of muscle damage. We then demonstrate that the secretome contains extracellular vesicles (EVs) that harbor much, but not all, of the biological activity of the whole secretome. Proteomic characterization of the EV and free secretome fraction shows the presence of numerous molecules specific to each fraction that could be key regulators of tissue regeneration. Intriguingly, we show that the EVs only contain miRNA and not mRNA. This suggests that tissue regeneration in the host is mediated by the action of EVs modifying existing, rather than imposing new, signaling pathways. The EVs harbor significant anti-inflammatory activity as well as promote angiogenesis, the latter may be the mechanistic explanation for their ability to promote muscle regeneration after cardiotoxin injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Mellows
- 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading , Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Mitchell
- 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading , Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Antonioli
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' , Rome, Italy
| | - Oliver Kretz
- 3 Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany .,4 Renal Division, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany .,5 Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Chambers
- 6 Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College , London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bernd Denecke
- 8 Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research Aachen, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, Germany
| | - Luca Musante
- 9 Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Durrgah L Ramachandra
- 10 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Harry Holthofer
- 9 Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University , Dublin, Ireland .,12 FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Joch
- 5 Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steve Ray
- 13 Micregen, Biohub, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Darius Widera
- 7 School of Pharmacy, University of Reading , Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Anna L David
- 14 Institute for Women's Health, University College London , London, United Kingdom .,15 NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre , London, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias B Huber
- 3 Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany .,4 Renal Division, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany .,12 FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany .,16 BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Centre for Systems Biology (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs University , Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joern Dengjel
- 12 FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany .,17 Department of Biology, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- 10 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London, United Kingdom
| | - Ketan Patel
- 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading , Reading, United Kingdom .,12 FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
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