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Valgimigli M, Frigoli E, Heg D, Tijssen J, Jüni P, Vranckx P, Ozaki Y, Morice MC, Chevalier B, Onuma Y, Windecker S, Tonino PAL, Roffi M, Lesiak M, Mahfoud F, Bartunek J, Hildick-Smith D, Colombo A, Stanković G, Iñiguez A, Schultz C, Kornowski R, Ong PJL, Alasnag M, Rodriguez AE, Moschovitis A, Laanmets P, Donahue M, Leonardi S, Smits PC. Dual Antiplatelet Therapy after PCI in Patients at High Bleeding Risk. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:1643-1655. [PMID: 34449185 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2108749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The appropriate duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients at high risk for bleeding after the implantation of a drug-eluting coronary stent remains unclear. METHODS One month after they had undergone implantation of a biodegradable-polymer sirolimus-eluting coronary stent, we randomly assigned patients at high bleeding risk to discontinue dual antiplatelet therapy immediately (abbreviated therapy) or to continue it for at least 2 additional months (standard therapy). The three ranked primary outcomes were net adverse clinical events (a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, stroke, or major bleeding), major adverse cardiac or cerebral events (a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or stroke), and major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding; cumulative incidences were assessed at 335 days. The first two outcomes were assessed for noninferiority in the per-protocol population, and the third outcome for superiority in the intention-to-treat population. RESULTS Among the 4434 patients in the per-protocol population, net adverse clinical events occurred in 165 patients (7.5%) in the abbreviated-therapy group and in 172 (7.7%) in the standard-therapy group (difference, -0.23 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.80 to 1.33; P<0.001 for noninferiority). A total of 133 patients (6.1%) in the abbreviated-therapy group and 132 patients (5.9%) in the standard-therapy group had a major adverse cardiac or cerebral event (difference, 0.11 percentage points; 95% CI, -1.29 to 1.51; P = 0.001 for noninferiority). Among the 4579 patients in the intention-to-treat population, major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding occurred in 148 patients (6.5%) in the abbreviated-therapy group and in 211 (9.4%) in the standard-therapy group (difference, -2.82 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.40 to -1.24; P<0.001 for superiority). CONCLUSIONS One month of dual antiplatelet therapy was noninferior to the continuation of therapy for at least 2 additional months with regard to the occurrence of net adverse clinical events and major adverse cardiac or cerebral events; abbreviated therapy also resulted in a lower incidence of major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding. (Funded by Terumo; MASTER DAPT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03023020.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Valgimigli
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Enrico Frigoli
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Dik Heg
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Jan Tijssen
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Peter Jüni
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Pascal Vranckx
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Marie-Claude Morice
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Bernard Chevalier
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Yoshinobu Onuma
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Stephan Windecker
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Pim A L Tonino
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Marco Roffi
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Maciej Lesiak
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Felix Mahfoud
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Jozef Bartunek
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - David Hildick-Smith
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Antonio Colombo
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Goran Stanković
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Andrés Iñiguez
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Carl Schultz
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Ran Kornowski
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Paul J L Ong
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Mirvat Alasnag
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Alfredo E Rodriguez
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Aris Moschovitis
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Peep Laanmets
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Michael Donahue
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Sergio Leonardi
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
| | - Pieter C Smits
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano (M.V.), CTU Bern, University of Bern (E.F., D.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital (S.W.), Bern, the Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (M.R.), and HerzZentrum Hirslanden Zürich, Zurich (A.M.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.T.), European Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital (P.C.S.), Rotterdam, and the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (P.A.L.T.) - all in the Netherlands; the University of Toronto, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (P.J.); the Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, and the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt (P.V.), and the Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst (J.B.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan (Y. Ozaki); the Cardiovascular European Research Center (M.-C.M.), and Ramsay Générale de Santé, Interventional Cardiology Department, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (B.C.) - both in Massy, France; the National University of Ireland, Galway (Y. Onuma); the First Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (M.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.); Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (D.H.-S.); the Unit of Cardiovascular Interventions, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (A.C.), the Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Rome (M.D.), and the University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (S.L.) - all in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (G.S.); Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain (A.I.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital Campus, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (P.J.L.O.); the Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Cardiac Unit Otamendi Hospital, Buenos Aires School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center (A.E.R.); and North Estonia Medical Center Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.)
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