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Zhu Y, Zhou M, Li C, Kong W, Hu Y. Gastric cancer with brain metastasis: from molecular characteristics and treatment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1310325. [PMID: 38577333 PMCID: PMC10991736 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1310325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the cancers with increasing incidence and ranks fourth globally among the most frequent causes of cancer-related mortality. Early gastric cancer is often asymptomatic or presents with atypical symptoms, and the majority of patients present with advanced disease upon diagnosis. Brain metastases are present in approximately 1% of gastric cancer patients at the time of diagnosis, which significantly contributed to the overall mortality of the disease worldwide. Conventional therapies for patients with brain metastases remain limited and the median overall survival of patients is only 8 months in advanced cases. Recent studies have improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying gastric cancer brain metastases, and immunotherapy has become an important treatment option in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and surgery. This review aims to provide insight into the cellular processes involved in gastric cancer brain metastases, discuss diagnostic approaches, evaluate the integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors into treatment and prognosis, and explore the predictive value of biomarkers in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingze Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Tang Shan Central Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Congling Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Wenyue Kong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuning Hu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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Li J, Chen Z, Bai Y, Liu B, Li Q, Zhang J, Zhou J, Deng T, Zhou F, Gao S, Yang S, Ye F, Chen L, Bai W, Yin X, Cang S, Liu L, Pan Y, Luo H, Ji Y, Zhang Z, Wang J, Yang Q, Li N, Huang R, Qu C, Ni J, Wang B, Xu Y, Hu J, Shi Q, Yang J. First-line sugemalimab with chemotherapy for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a randomized phase 3 study. Nat Med 2024; 30:740-748. [PMID: 38302715 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Although antiprogrammed death 1 antibody plus chemotherapy has recently been approved for first-line esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 antibody may offer another combination option in this setting. In this multicenter, randomized, double-blinded phase 3 trial a total of 540 adults (aged 18-75 years) with unresectable, locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic ESCC and who had not received systemic treatment were enrolled. All patients were randomized at 2:1 to receive either sugemalimab (an anti-PD-L1 antibody; 1,200 mg) or placebo every 3 weeks for up to 24 months, plus chemotherapy (cisplatin 80 mg m-2 on day 1 plus 5-fluorouracil 800 mg m-2 day-1 on days 1-4) every 3 weeks for up to six cycles. At the prespecified interim analysis this study had met dual primary endpoints. With a median follow-up of 15.2 months, the prolongation of progression-free survival was statistically significant with sugemalimab plus chemotherapy compared with placebo plus chemotherapy (median 6.2 versus 5.4 months, hazard ratio 0.67 (95% confidence interval 0.54-0.82), P = 0.0002) as assessed by blinded independent central review. Overall survival was also superior with sugemalimab chemotherapy (median 15.3 versus 11.5 months, hazard ratio 0.70 (95% confidence interval 0.55-0.90, P = 0.0076). A significantly higher objective response rate (60.1 versus 45.2%) as assessed by blinded independent central review was observed with sugemalimab chemotherapy. The incidence of grade 3 or above treatment-related adverse events (51.3 versus 48.4%) was comparable between the two groups. Sugemalimab plus chemotherapy significantly prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival in treatment-naïve patients with advanced ESCC, with no unexpected safety signal. The ClinicalTrials.gov identifier is NCT04187352 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhendong Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Yuxian Bai
- Department of Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Digestive, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Qingshan Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Digestive, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Deng
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Shegan Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shujun Yang
- Department of Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Department of Digestive, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xianli Yin
- Department of Digestive and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Shundong Cang
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lianke Liu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueyin Pan
- Department of Oncology Chemotherapy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Thoracic Tumor Radiotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanxia Ji
- Department of Oncology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanyang First People's Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Jufeng Wang
- Department of Digestive, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Quanliang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Changzhou Cancer Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Chenglin Qu
- CStone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Ni
- CStone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- CStone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- CStone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Hu
- CStone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Shi
- CStone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Jason Yang
- CStone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
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Lu M, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Wang S, Su X. Immunotherapeutic strategy in the management of gastric cancer: molecular profiles, current practice, and ongoing trials. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2023; 35:32. [PMID: 37779128 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-023-00192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the one of the most commonly solid cancer worldwide. Although under the aggressive treatment, the poor clinical outcomes of patients with GCs have not been improved. Current studies emphasized that targeting therapies or immune response-based therapeutic strategy may be a potential approach to improve the clinical outcomes. Moreover, accumulative evidence has reported the increasing expression of PD-L1 expression in GC cells and highlighted its role in the tumor progression. Currently, great development has been established in the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and further changed the clinical practice of GC treatment and prognosis. In addition, the combination therapies with targeting therapy or traditional therapies are expected to push the development of immunotherapies. In our present review, we predominantly focus on the biomarkers and molecular profiles for immunotherapies in GCs and highlight the role and administration of ICIs-based immunotherapeutic strategies against the GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | | | - Xiaobao Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Wei J, Lu X, Liu Q, Fu Y, Liu S, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Chen H, Wang M, Li L, Yang J, Liu F, Zheng L, Yin H, Yang Y, Zhou C, Zeng P, Zhou X, Ding N, Chen S, Zhao X, Yan J, Fan X, Guan W, Liu B. Neoadjuvant sintilimab in combination with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a single-arm phase 2 trial. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4904. [PMID: 37580320 PMCID: PMC10425436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this multicenter, single-arm phase 2 trial (ChiCTR1900024428), patients with locally advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancers receive one cycle of sintilimab (anti-PD1) and chemotherapy (S-1 and nab-paclitaxel), followed by 5 weeks of concurrent chemoradiotherapy and sintilimab, and another cycle of sintilimab and chemotherapy thereafter. Surgery is preferably scheduled within one to three weeks, and three cycles of adjuvant sintilimab and chemotherapy are administrated. The primary endpoint is the pathological complete response. Our results meet the pre-specified primary endpoint. Thirteen of 34 (38.2%) enrolled patients achieve pathological complete response (95% CI: 22.2-56.4). The secondary objectives include disease-free survival (DFS), major pathological response, R0 resection rate, overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and safety profile. The median DFS and EFS were 17.0 (95%CI: 11.1-20.9) and 21.1 (95%CI: 14.7-26.1) months, respectively, while the median OS was not reached, and the 1-year OS rate was 92.6% (95%CI: 50.1-99.5%). Seventeen patients (50.0%) have grade ≥3 adverse events during preoperative therapy. In prespecified exploratory biomarker analysis, CD3+ T cells, CD56+ NK cells, and the M1/M1 + M2-like macrophage infiltration at baseline are associated with pathological complete response. Here, we show the promising efficacy and manageable safety profile of sintilimab in combination with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for the perioperative treatment of locally advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qin Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, 201114, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ju Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Fangcen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Liming Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Haitao Yin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Chong Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Naiqing Ding
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shiqing Chen
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, 201114, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhao
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, 201114, China
| | - Jing Yan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiangshan Fan
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Huang H, Tao R, Hao S, Yang Y, Cen H, Zhou H, Guo Y, Zou L, Cao J, Huang Y, Jin J, Zhang L, Yang H, Xing X, Zhang H, Liu Y, Ding K, Qi Q, Zhu X, Zhu D, Wang S, Fang T, Dai H, Shi Q, Yang J. Sugemalimab Monotherapy for Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma (GEMSTONE-201): Results From a Single-Arm, Multicenter, Phase II Study. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:3032-3041. [PMID: 36996373 PMCID: PMC10414714 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.02367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Relapsed or refractory extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (R/R ENKTL) is a rare and aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with limited treatment options. This phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of sugemalimab, an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, in R/R ENKTL. METHODS Eligible patients received sugemalimab 1,200 mg intravenously once every 3 weeks for up to 24 months or until progression, death, or study withdrawal. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) assessed by an independent radiologic review committee. Key secondary end points included ORR assessed by the investigators, complete response rate, duration of response, and safety. RESULTS At the data cutoff (February 23, 2022), 80 patients were enrolled and followed for a median of 18.7 months. At baseline, 54 (67.5%) had stage IV disease and 39 (48.8%) had received ≥2 lines of prior systemic therapy. Independent radiologic review committee-assessed ORR was 44.9% (95% CI, 33.6 to 56.6); 28 (35.9%) patients achieved a complete response and seven (9.0%) achieved a partial response, with a 12-month duration of response rate of 82.5% (95% CI, 62.0 to 92.6). Investigator-assessed ORR was 45.6% (95% CI, 34.3 to 57.2), and 24 (30.4%) patients achieved a complete response. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were grade 1-2 in severity, and grade ≥ 3 events were reported in 32 (40.0%) patients. CONCLUSION Sugemalimab showed robust and durable antitumor activity in R/R ENKTL. Treatment was well tolerated with expected safety profile for this drug class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Tao
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siguo Hao
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Lymphoma, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Cen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Cancer Hospital and of Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqun Zou
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junning Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhong Huang
- Department of Lymphoma, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liling Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Lymphoma, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Xing
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Huilai Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaiyang Ding
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Qinzhou Qi
- Clinical Department, CStone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Clinical Department, CStone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Clinical Department, CStone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Clinical Department, CStone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Teng Fang
- Clinical Department, CStone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Hangjun Dai
- Clinical Department, CStone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Shi
- Clinical Department, CStone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Jason Yang
- Clinical Department, CStone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co Ltd, Suzhou, China
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Wang J, Tu S, Chavda VP, Chen ZS, Chen X. Successes and failures of immunotherapy for gastric cancer. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103343. [PMID: 36075377 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Many exploratory clinical studies have been conducted on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as new therapeutic approaches for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer. Despite varying interpretations of the successes and failures of this clinical research, most analyses have focused on the results from the perspective of exploring the superiority of immunotherapy. Consequently, the role of chemotherapy as an important partner of immunotherapy in first-line combination therapy regimens for gastric cancer has attracted less attention. Here, we explore and analyze first-line immunotherapies for gastric cancer from the perspective of chemotherapy, to understand reasons for the failure of studies and to indicate directions for future clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzheng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Shuiping Tu
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
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Li K, Zhang A, Li X, Zhang H, Zhao L. Advances in clinical immunotherapy for gastric cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188615. [PMID: 34403771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most malignant human cancers with increasing incidence worldwide, ranking among the top five malignant tumors worldwide in terms of incidence and mortality. The clinical efficacy of conventional therapies is limited, and the median overall survival (mOS) for advanced-stage gastric cancer is only about 8 months. Emerging as one of breakthroughs for cancer therapy, immunotherapy has become an effective treatment modality after surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. In this review, we have summarized the progresses of clinical development of immunotherapies for gastric cancer. Major advances with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have started to change the clinical practice for gastric cancer treatment and prognosis. Additionally, combination therapies with other modalities, such as targeted therapies, are expected to push immunotherapies to front-line. In this review, the efficacy of ICIs and targeted therapy alone or combination with existing therapies gastric cancer treatment was described and the predictive value of biomarkers for immunotherapies in gastric cancer treatment is also discussed.
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