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Harrison SP, Baumgarten SF, Chollet ME, Stavik B, Bhattacharya A, Almaas R, Sullivan GJ. Parenteral nutrition emulsion inhibits CYP3A4 in an iPSC derived liver organoids testing platform. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:1047-1058. [PMID: 38529852 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parenteral nutrition (PN) is used for patients of varying ages with intestinal failure to supplement calories. Premature newborns with low birth weight are at a high risk for developing PN associated liver disease (PNALD) including steatosis, cholestasis, and gallbladder sludge/stones. To optimize nutrition regimens, models are required to predict PNALD. METHODS We have exploited induced pluripotent stem cell derived liver organoids to provide a testing platform for PNALD. Liver organoids mimic the developing liver and contain the different hepatic cell types. The organoids have an early postnatal maturity making them a suitable model for premature newborns. To mimic PN treatment we used medium supplemented with either clinoleic (80% olive oil/20% soybean oil) or intralipid (100% soybean oil) for 7 days. RESULTS Homogenous HNF4a staining was found in all organoids and PN treatments caused accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes. Organoids exhibited a dose dependent decrease in CYP3A4 activity and expression of hepatocyte functional genes. The lipid emulsions did not affect overall organoid viability and glucose levels had no contributory effect to the observed results. CONCLUSIONS Liver organoids could be utilized as a potential screening platform for the development of new, less hepatotoxic PN solutions. Both lipid treatments caused hepatic lipid accumulation, a significant decrease in CYP3A4 activity and a decrease in the RNA levels of both CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 in a dose dependent manner. The presence of high glucose had no additive effect, while Clinoleic at high dose, caused significant upregulation of interleukin 6 and TLR4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Harrison
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Saphira F Baumgarten
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Center of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research, Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria E Chollet
- Research, Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte Stavik
- Research, Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anindita Bhattacharya
- Research, Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Runar Almaas
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gareth J Sullivan
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Zenclussen ML, Ulrich S, Bauer M, Fink B, Zenclussen AC, Schumacher A, Meyer N. Absence of Heme Oxygenase-1 Affects Trophoblastic Spheroid Implantation and Provokes Dysregulation of Stress and Angiogenesis Gene Expression in the Uterus. Cells 2024; 13:376. [PMID: 38474340 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is pivotal in reproductive processes, particularly in placental and vascular development. This study investigated the role of HO-1 and its byproduct, carbon monoxide (CO), in trophoblastic spheroid implantation. In order to deepen our understanding of the role of HO-1 during implantation, we conducted in vivo experiments on virgin and pregnant mice, aiming to unravel the cellular and molecular mechanisms. Using siRNA, HO-1 was knocked down in JEG-3 and BeWo cells and trophoblastic spheroids were generated with or without CO treatment. Adhesion assays were performed after transferring the spheroids to RL-95 endometrial epithelial cell layers. Additionally, angiogenesis, stress, and toxicity RT2-Profiler™ PCR SuperArray and PCR analyses were performed in uterine murine samples. HO-1 knockdown by siRNA impeded implantation in the 3D culture model, but this effect could be reversed by CO. Uteruses from virgin Hmox1-/- females exhibited altered expression of angiogenesis and stress markers. Furthermore, there was a distinct expression pattern of cytokines and chemokines in uteruses from gestation day 14 in Hmox1-/- females compared to Hmox1+/+ females. This study strongly supports the essential role of HO-1 during implantation. Moreover, CO appears to have the potential to compensate for the lack of HO-1 during the spheroid attachment process. The absence of HO-1 results in dysregulation of angiogenesis and stress-related genes in the uterus, possibly contributing to implantation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Zenclussen
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Sina Ulrich
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mario Bauer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate Fink
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Schumacher
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Meyer
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Shearn CT, Anderson AL, Devereaux MW, El Kasmi KC, Orlicky DJ, Sokol RJ. Expression of circadian regulatory genes is dysregulated by increased cytokine production in mice subjected to concomitant intestinal injury and parenteral nutrition. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290385. [PMID: 37647292 PMCID: PMC10468060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have developed a mouse model of Parenteral Nutrition Associated Cholestasis (PNAC) in which combining intestinal inflammation and PN infusion results in cholestasis, hepatic macrophage activation, and transcriptional suppression of bile acid and sterol signaling and transport. In the liver, the master circadian gene regulators Bmal/Arntl and Clock drive circadian modulation of hepatic functions, including bile acid synthesis. Once activated, Bmal and Clock are downregulated by several transcription factors including Reverbα (Nr1d1), Dbp (Dbp), Dec1/2 (Bhlhe40/41), Cry1/2 (Cry1/2) and Per1/2 (Per1/2). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of PN on expression of hepatic circadian rhythm (CR) regulatory genes in mice. METHODS WT, IL1KO or TNFRKO mice were exposed to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 4 days followed by soy-oil lipid emulsion-based PN infusion through a central venous catheter for 14 days (DSS-PN) and the expression of key CR regulatory transcription factors evaluated. Animals were NPO on a 14 hr light-dark cycle and were administered PN continuously over 24 hrs. Mice were sacrificed, and hepatic tissue obtained at 9-10AM (Zeitgeber Z+3/Z+4 hrs). PNAC was defined by increased serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bile acids, and total bilirubin and the effect of i.p. injection of recombinant IL-1β (200ng/mouse) or TNFα (200ng/mouse) on CR expression was examined after 4 hrs. RESULTS In the PNAC model, DSS-PN increased serum biomarkers of hepatic injury (ALT, AST, serum bile acids) which was suppressed in both DSS-PN IL1KO and DSS-PN TNFRKO mice. In WT DSS-PN, mRNA expression of Arntl and Dec1 was suppressed corresponding to increased Nr1d1, Per2, Dbp and Dec2. These effects were ameliorated in both DSS-PN IL1KO and DSS-PN TNFRKO groups. Western analysis of the circadian transcription factor network revealed in WT mice DSS-PN significantly suppressed Reverbα, Bmal, Dbp, Per2 and Mtnr1b. With the exception of Dbp, DSS-PN mediated suppression was ameliorated by both IL1KO and TNFRKO. Intraperitoneal injection of IL-1β or TNFα into WT mice increased serum AST and ALT and suppressed mRNA expression of Nr1d1, Arntl and Clock and increased Dbp and Per2. CONCLUSIONS Altered expression of CR-dependent regulatory genes during PNAC accompanies cholestasis and is, in part, due to increased cytokine (IL-1β and TNFα) production. Evaluation of the effects of modulating CR in PNAC thus deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T. Shearn
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Digestive Health Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Aimee L. Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Devereaux
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Karim C. El Kasmi
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - David J. Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Ronald J. Sokol
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Digestive Health Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States of America
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Dąbrowska K, Zaczek Z, Panczyk M, Osowska S, Kowalczyk P, Kramkowski K, Sobocki J. Molecular Oxygen Levels and Percentages of DNA Damage in TPN Patients. Nutrients 2023; 15:2206. [PMID: 37432338 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a life-saving therapy for patients with intestinal failure, but it carries the risk of complications, including an increase in liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) after long-term use. Patients receiving chronic TPN are also exposed to metabolic stress from both the underlying disease and parenteral nutrition. The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of liver transaminases AST and ALT in relation to the rate of oxygen consumption in platelet mitochondria in patients receiving long-term TPN with the degree of oxidative stress induced by lipid emulsions, and to explain their role in cellular energy metabolism and changes in the liver based on the percentage of genomic DNA damage. The study group consisted of 86 TPN patients, while the control group consisted of 86 healthy volunteers who were fed only orally. The results of the study showed that the percentage of molecular oxygen depended on the type of lipid emulsion supplied. Analyzing time on TPN as a factor, we observed a decrease in percentage genomic DNA damage and an increase in percentage molecular oxygen in cells. It remains unclear whether TPN has a direct effect on genomic DNA damage and the level of molecular oxygen in cells during the course of treatment. In conclusion, this study provides important insights into the potential effects of TPN on liver enzymes and cellular metabolism. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and to develop strategies to minimize the risk of complications associated with TPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dąbrowska
- Department of General Surgery and Clinical Nutrition, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Erazma Ciołka 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Zaczek
- Department of General Surgery and Clinical Nutrition, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Erazma Ciołka 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Panczyk
- Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska 14/16, 00-581 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Osowska
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Warsaw Medical University, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jablonna, Poland
| | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Sobocki
- Department of General Surgery and Clinical Nutrition, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) provides unprecedented opportunities for drug discovery. While the proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology has already entered clinical trials and changed the landscape of small-molecule drugs, new degrader technologies harnessing alternative degradation machineries, especially lysosomal pathways, have emerged and broadened the spectrum of degradable targets. We have recently proposed the concept of autophagy-tethering compounds (ATTECs) that hijack the autophagy protein microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3 (LC3) for targeted degradation. Other groups also reported degrader technologies engaging lysosomal pathways through different mechanisms including AUTACs, AUTOTACs, LYTACs and MoDE-As. In this review, we analyse and discuss ATTECs along with other lysosomal-relevant degrader technologies. Finally, we will briefly summarize the current status of these degrader technologies and envision possible future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Neurology Department at Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dong Xing
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yiyan Fei
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Boxun Lu
- Neurology Department at Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Dai LN, Zhao YL, Jiang L, Yan JK. Changes in the intestinal expression of drug metabolism-related genes in a piglet model of parenteral nutrition. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:18. [PMID: 35264190 PMCID: PMC8905733 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parenteral nutrition (PN) may serve as a nutritional supportive therapy accompanied by oral medication, but the effect of PN on intestinal expression of drug metabolism-related genes remains unknown. Methods Twelve Bama piglets receiving PN for 14 days were used as in vivo model. Changes in intestinal drug metabolism-related genes were examined by proteomic analysis. Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) were determined by ELISA, and the effect of FGF19 on the expression of drug metabolism-related genes was examined using murine ileum organoids. Results A total of 1063 differentially expressed proteins were identified in PN group. Of note, two drug transporters (Abcb1 and Abcc2) were significantly decreased in PN group, along with two glutathione-related drug-metabolizing enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (Gpx2) and glutathione S-transferase (Gsta1). Serum FGF19 levels were dramatically reduced in PN group. Treatment with recombinant FGF19 in vitro dose-dependently up-regulated the expression of Abcb1, Abcc2, Gpx2 and Gsta1 in organoids.
Conclusion Our data indicated that intestinal drug metabolism-related genes were significantly dysregulated under PN, and some of the changed genes were attributed to gut-derived FGF19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Dai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ling Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Kai Yan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.
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Fu Y, Chen N, Wang Z, Luo S, Ding Y, Lu B. Degradation of lipid droplets by chimeric autophagy-tethering compounds. Cell Res 2021; 31:965-979. [PMID: 34239073 PMCID: PMC8410765 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Degrading pathogenic proteins by degrader technologies such as PROTACs (proteolysis-targeting chimeras) provides promising therapeutic strategies, but selective degradation of non-protein pathogenic biomolecules has been challenging. Here, we demonstrate a novel strategy to degrade non-protein biomolecules by autophagy-tethering compounds (ATTECs), using lipid droplets (LDs) as an exemplar target. LDs are ubiquitous cellular structures storing lipids and could be degraded by autophagy. We hypothesized that compounds interacting with both the LDs and the key autophagosome protein LC3 may enhance autophagic degradation of LDs. We designed and synthesized such compounds by connecting LC3-binding molecules to LD-binding probes via a linker. These compounds were capable of clearing LDs almost completely and rescued LD-related phenotypes in cells and in two independent mouse models with hepatic lipidosis. We further confirmed that the mechanism of action of these compounds was mediated through LC3 and autophagic degradation. Our proof-of-concept study demonstrates the capability of degrading LDs by ATTECs. Conceptually, this strategy could be applied to other protein and non-protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Fu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningxie Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouqing Luo
- grid.11201.330000 0001 2219 0747Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Yu Ding
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boxun Lu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Maitiabola G, Tian F, Sun H, Zhang L, Gao X, Xue B, Wang X. Proteome characteristics of liver tissue from patients with parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:43. [PMID: 32518576 PMCID: PMC7268697 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parenteral nutrition (PN)-associated liver disease (PNALD) is a common and life-threatening complication in patients receiving PN. However, its definitive etiology is not yet clear. Therefore, performed proteomic analyses of human liver tissue to explore the same. Methods Liver tissue was derived and compared across selected patients with (n = 3) /without (n = 4) PNALD via isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases to explore the mechanisms of PNALD based on differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The essential proteins that were differentially expressed between the two groups were explored and verified by western blotting. Results A total of 112 proteins were found to be differentially expressed, of which 73 were downregulated, and 39 were upregulated in the PNALD group. Bioinformatics analysis showed DEPs to be associated with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mainly involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly), hepatic glycolipid metabolism (involved primarily in glycogen formation and gluconeogenesis), and oxidative stress (mainly involved in antioxidant change). Conclusion Overall, our results indicated that mitochondrial energy metabolism impairment, hepatic glycolipid metabolism disorder, and excessive oxidative stress injury might explain the comprehensive mechanism underlying PNALD. Moreover, we have provided multiple potential targets for further exploring the PNALD mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulisudumu Maitiabola
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, East Zhongshan Road 305, Nanjing, 210002 P.R. China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, East Zhongshan Road 305, Nanjing, 210002 P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, East Zhongshan Road 305, Nanjing, 210002 P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, East Zhongshan Road 305, Nanjing, 210002 P.R. China
| | - Xuejin Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, East Zhongshan Road 305, Nanjing, 210002 P.R. China
| | - Bin Xue
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, East Zhongshan Road 305, Nanjing, 210002 P.R. China
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