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Taillard J, Gronfier C, Bioulac S, Philip P, Sagaspe P. Sleep in Normal Aging, Homeostatic and Circadian Regulation and Vulnerability to Sleep Deprivation. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1003. [PMID: 34439622 PMCID: PMC8392749 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of geriatric research, a growing body of evidence links normal age-related changes in sleep with many adverse health outcomes, especially a decline in cognition in older adults. The most important sleep alterations that continue to worsen after 60 years involve sleep timing, (especially early wake time, phase advance), sleep maintenance (continuity of sleep interrupted by numerous awakenings) and reduced amount of sigma activity (during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep) associated with modifications of sleep spindle characteristics (density, amplitude, frequency) and spindle-Slow Wave coupling. After 60 years, there is a very clear gender-dependent deterioration in sleep. Even if there are degradations of sleep after 60 years, daytime wake level and especially daytime sleepiness is not modified with age. On the other hand, under sleep deprivation condition, older adults show smaller cognitive impairments than younger adults, suggesting an age-related lower vulnerability to extended wakefulness. These sleep and cognitive age-related modifications would be due to a reduced homeostatic drive and consequently a reduced sleep need, an attenuation of circadian drive (reduction of sleep forbidden zone in late afternoon and wake forbidden zone in early morning), a modification of the interaction of the circadian and homeostatic processes and/or an alteration of subcortical structures involved in generation of circadian and homeostatic drive, or connections to the cerebral cortex with age. The modifications and interactions of these two processes with age are still uncertain, and still require further investigation. The understanding of the respective contribution of circadian and homeostatic processes in the regulation of neurobehavioral function with aging present a challenge for improving health, management of cognitive decline and potential early chronobiological or sleep-wake interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Taillard
- Sommeil, Addiction et Neuropsychiatrie, Université de Bordeaux, SANPSY, USR 3413, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (S.B.); (P.P.); (P.S.)
- CNRS, SANPSY, USR 3413, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claude Gronfier
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems (Waking) Team, Inserm UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France;
| | - Stéphanie Bioulac
- Sommeil, Addiction et Neuropsychiatrie, Université de Bordeaux, SANPSY, USR 3413, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (S.B.); (P.P.); (P.S.)
- CNRS, SANPSY, USR 3413, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Philip
- Sommeil, Addiction et Neuropsychiatrie, Université de Bordeaux, SANPSY, USR 3413, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (S.B.); (P.P.); (P.S.)
- CNRS, SANPSY, USR 3413, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Patricia Sagaspe
- Sommeil, Addiction et Neuropsychiatrie, Université de Bordeaux, SANPSY, USR 3413, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (S.B.); (P.P.); (P.S.)
- CNRS, SANPSY, USR 3413, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
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Zeng Z, Huang Z, Leng K, Han W, Niu H, Yu Y, Ling Q, Liu J, Wu Z, Zang J. Nonintrusive Monitoring of Mental Fatigue Status Using Epidermal Electronic Systems and Machine-Learning Algorithms. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1305-1313. [PMID: 31939287 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mental fatigue, characterized by subjective feelings of "tiredness" and "lack of energy", can degrade individual performance in a variety of situations, for example, in motor vehicle driving or while performing surgery. Thus, a method for nonintrusive monitoring of mental fatigue status is urgently needed. Recent research shows that physiological signal-based fatigue-classification methods using wearable electronics can be sufficiently accurate; by contrast, rigid, bulky devices constrain the behavior of those wearing them, potentially interfering with test signals. Recently, wearable electronics, such as epidermal electronics systems (EES) and electronic tattoos (E-tattoos), have been developed to meet the requirements for the comfortable measurement of various physiological signals. However, comfortable, effective, and nonintrusive monitoring of mental fatigue levels remains to be fulfilled. In this work, an EES is established to simultaneously detect multiple physiological signals in a comfortable and nonintrusive way. Machine-learning algorithms are employed to determine the mental fatigue levels and a predictive accuracy of up to 89% is achieved based on six different kinds of physiological features using decision tree algorithms. Furthermore, EES with the trained predictive model are applied to monitor in situ human mental fatigue levels when doing several routine research jobs, as well as the effect of relaxation methods in relieving fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikang Zeng
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kangmin Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wuxiao Han
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hao Niu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qing Ling
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jianfeng Zang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Kojima S, Abe T, Morishita S, Inagaki Y, Qin W, Hotta K, Tsubaki A. Acute moderate-intensity exercise improves 24-h sleep deprivation-induced cognitive decline and cerebral oxygenation: A near-infrared spectroscopy study. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 274:103354. [PMID: 31809903 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.103354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of moderate-intensity exercise in improving the decline in cognitive performance induced by a 24-h period of acute sleep deprivation (SD). We hypothesized that the positive effect of exercise is mediated by increased oxygenation (measured using near-infrared spectroscopy) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Cognitive performance was measured using the reaction time and interference scores of the Stroop colour and word test, in 12 healthy adults (eight males, 21.1 ± 0.3 years-old), at pre- and post-exercise. Cognitive scores were compared under two conditions: rested wakefulness (RW) and 24-h SD. The exercise consisted of 20-min of ergometer cycling at an intensity of 60 % VO2peak. Oxygenation to the DLPFC increased, at 12 min after exercise onset, compared to the baseline and was maintained until the end of the exercise in both RW and SD conditions (P < 0.01). The change in RT correlated with sleepiness (P < 0.05), with no correlation for the interference score and oxygenation. Taken together, moderate-intensity exercise reverses SD-induced cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kojima
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Abe
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kameda General Hospital, 929 Higashi-cho, Kamogawa-city, Chiba 296-8602, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Morishita
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Yuta Inagaki
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Weixiang Qin
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hotta
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Tsubaki
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
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Vidafar P, Gooley JJ, Burns AC, Rajaratnam SMW, Rueger M, Van Reen E, Czeisler CA, Lockley SW, Cain SW. Increased vulnerability to attentional failure during acute sleep deprivation in women depends on menstrual phase. Sleep 2019; 41:5001277. [PMID: 29790961 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives To investigate sex differences in the effect of sleep deprivation on performance, accounting for menstrual phase in women. Methods We examined alertness data from 124 healthy women and men (40 women, 84 men; aged 18-30 years) who maintained wakefulness for at least 30 hr in a laboratory setting using a constant routine protocol. Objective alertness was assessed every 2 hr using a 10 min psychomotor vigilance task. Subjective alertness was assessed every hour via the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. Results Women in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle demonstrated the poorest level of performance. This poor performance was most pronounced at times corresponding to the typical sleep episode, demonstrating a window of vulnerability at night during this menstrual phase. At 24 hr awake, over 60 per cent of their responses were lapses of >500 ms and over one-third of their responses were longer lapses of at least 3 s in duration. Women in the luteal phase, however, were relatively protected from alertness failure, performing similar or better than both follicular-phase women and men. Conclusions These results have important implications for education and intervention programs for shift workers, specifically during times of vulnerability to attentional failure that increase risk of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Vidafar
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Joshua J Gooley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angus C Burns
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Shantha M W Rajaratnam
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Melanie Rueger
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eliza Van Reen
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Steven W Lockley
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sean W Cain
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Huang S, Li J, Zhang P, Zhang W. Detection of mental fatigue state with wearable ECG devices. Int J Med Inform 2018; 119:39-46. [PMID: 30342684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Overwork-related disorders, such as cerebrovascular/cardiovascular diseases (CCVD) and mental disorders due to overwork, are a major occupational and public health issue worldwide, particularly in East Asian countries. Since wearable smart devices are inexpensive, convenient, popular and widely available today, we were interested in investigating the possibility of using wearable smart electrocardiogram (ECG) devices to detect the mental fatigue state. In total, 35 healthy participants were recruited from a public university in East China. Throughout the entire experiment, each participant wore a wearable device that was further linked to a smartphone to upload the data based on Bluetooth transmission. To manipulate the fatigue state, each participant was asked to finish a quiz, which lasted for approximately 80 min, with 30 logical referential and computing problems and 25 memory tests. Eight heart rate variability (HRV) indicators namely NN.mean (mean of normal to normal interval), rMSSD (root mean square of successive differences), PNN50 (the proportion of NN50 divided by total number of NNs), TP (total spectral power), HF (high frequency from 0.15 Hz to 0.4 Hz), LF (low frequency from 0.04 Hz to 0.15 Hz), VLF (very low frequency from 0.0033 Hz to 0.04 Hz) and the LF/HF ratio were collected at intervals of 5 min throughout the entire experiment. After the feature selection was performed, six indicators remained for further analysis, which were the NN.mean, rMSSD, PNN50, TP, LF, and VLF. Four algorithms, support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), naïve Bayes (NB), and logistic regression (LR), were used to build classifiers that automatically detected the fatigue state. The best performance was achieved by KNN, which had a CV accuracy of 75.5%. The NN.mean, PNN50, TP and LF were the most important HRV indicators for mental fatigue detection. KNN performed the best among the four algorithms and had an average CV accuracy of 65.37% for all of the possible feature combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitong Huang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, Antai College of Economics & Management, 1954 Huashan Rd., Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Jia Li
- East China University of Science and Technology, School of Business, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Pengzhu Zhang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, Antai College of Economics & Management, 1954 Huashan Rd., Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, Antai College of Economics & Management, 1954 Huashan Rd., Shanghai 200030, China.
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Carrier J, Semba K, Deurveilher S, Drogos L, Cyr-Cronier J, Lord C, Sekerovick Z. Sex differences in age-related changes in the sleep-wake cycle. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017; 47:66-85. [PMID: 28757114 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Age-related changes in sleep and circadian regulation occur as early as the middle years of life. Research also suggests that sleep and circadian rhythms are regulated differently between women and men. However, does sleep and circadian rhythms regulation age similarly in men and women? In this review, we present the mechanisms underlying age-related differences in sleep and the current state of knowledge on how they interact with sex. We also address how testosterone, estrogens, and progesterone fluctuations across adulthood interact with sleep and circadian regulation. Finally, we will propose research avenues to unravel the mechanisms underlying sex differences in age-related effects on sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Carrier
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Kazue Semba
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Samuel Deurveilher
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lauren Drogos
- Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jessica Cyr-Cronier
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Lord
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Zoran Sekerovick
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Martella D, Marotta A, Fuentes LJ, Casagrande M. Inhibition of return, but not facilitation, disappears under vigilance decrease due to sleep deprivation. Exp Psychol 2014; 61:99-109. [PMID: 23988869 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed whether unspecific attention processes signaled by general reaction times (RTs), as well as specific facilitatory (validity or facilitation effect) and inhibitory (inhibition of return, IOR) effects involved in the attentional orienting network, are affected by low vigilance due to both circadian factors and sleep deprivation (SD). Eighteen male participants performed a cuing task in which peripheral cues were nonpredictive about the target location and the cue-target interval varied at three levels: 200 ms, 800 ms, and 1,100 ms. Facilitation with the shortest and IOR with the longest cue-target intervals were observed in the baseline session, thus replicating previous related studies. Under SD condition, RTs were generally slower, indicating a reduction in the participants' arousal level. The inclusion of a phasic alerting tone in several trials partially compensated for the reduction in tonic alertness, but not with the longest cue-target interval. With regard to orienting, whereas the facilitation effect due to reflexive shifts of attention was preserved with sleep loss, the IOR was not observed. These results suggest that the decrease of vigilance produced by SD affects both the compensatory effects of phasic alerting and the endogenous component involved in disengaging attention from the cued location, a requisite for the IOR effect being observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Martella
- Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Andrea Marotta
- Dipartmento di Psicologia, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Luis J Fuentes
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Spain
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Abstract
Performance decrements after sleep loss have been extensively studied and are usually attributed to generic attentional deficits. This claim, however, is based on the view of attention as a unitary construct, despite evidence that it should be considered a multidimensional cognitive ability. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of one night of sleep deprivation on the efficiency of three attentional networks, defined by Posner and Raichle (1994) in anatomical and functional terms, as alerting, orienting, and executive control. Thirty participants performed the Attention Network Test at 9:00 a.m. following two different sleep conditions: baseline (a normal night of sleep) and deprivation (24 hrs of wakefulness). Results showed an overall slowing in reaction times and a significant decrease in accuracy after sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation selectively affected the three attentional networks, given that only executive control efficacy significantly decreased after sleep deprivation. By contrast, phasic alerting and orienting showed no differences in the two sleep conditions. Thus, performance deficits following sleep deprivation do not reflect global attentional deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Jugovac
- Department of Psychology Gaetano Kanizsa, University of Trieste, Italy
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Lafortune M, Gagnon JF, Latreille V, Vandewalle G, Martin N, Filipini D, Doyon J, Carrier J. Reduced slow-wave rebound during daytime recovery sleep in middle-aged subjects. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43224. [PMID: 22912833 PMCID: PMC3418233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical synchronization during NREM sleep, characterized by electroencephalographic slow waves (SW <4Hz and >75 µV), is strongly related to the number of hours of wakefulness prior to sleep and to the quality of the waking experience. Whether a similar increase in wakefulness length leads to a comparable enhancement in NREM sleep cortical synchronization in young and older subjects is still a matter of debate in the literature. Here we evaluated the impact of 25-hours of wakefulness on SW during a daytime recovery sleep episode in 29 young (27y ±5), and 34 middle-aged (51y ±5) subjects. We also assessed whether age-related changes in NREM sleep cortical synchronization predicts the ability to maintain sleep during daytime recovery sleep. Compared to baseline sleep, sleep efficiency was lower during daytime recovery sleep in both age-groups but the effect was more prominent in the middle-aged than in the young subjects. In both age groups, SW density, amplitude, and slope increased whereas SW positive and negative phase duration decreased during daytime recovery sleep compared to baseline sleep, particularly in anterior brain areas. Importantly, compared to young subjects, middle-aged participants showed lower SW density rebound and SW positive phase duration enhancement after sleep deprivation during daytime recovery sleep. Furthermore, middle-aged subjects showed lower SW amplitude and slope enhancements after sleep deprivation than young subjects in frontal and prefrontal derivations only. None of the SW characteristics at baseline were associated with daytime recovery sleep efficiency. Our results support the notion that anterior brain areas elicit and may necessitate more intense recovery and that aging reduces enhancement of cortical synchronization after sleep loss, particularly in these areas. Age-related changes in the quality of wake experience may underlie age-related reduction in markers of cortical synchronization enhancement after sustained wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolaine Lafortune
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Gagnon
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Véronique Latreille
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gilles Vandewalle
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Martin
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Filipini
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- Centre de recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Wehrens SMT, Hampton SM, Kerkhofs M, Skene DJ. Mood, Alertness, and Performance in Response to Sleep Deprivation and Recovery Sleep in Experienced Shiftworkers Versus Non-Shiftworkers. Chronobiol Int 2012; 29:537-48. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2012.675258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Martella D, Casagrande M, Lupiáñez J. Alerting, orienting and executive control: the effects of sleep deprivation on attentional networks. Exp Brain Res 2011; 210:81-9. [PMID: 21390488 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-011-2605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation alters attentional functions like vigilance or tonic alerting (i.e., sustaining an alert state over a period of time). However, the effects of sleep loss on both orienting and executive control are still not clear, and no study has assessed whether sleep deprivation might affect the relationships among these three attentional systems. In order to investigate the efficiency of the three attentional networks--alerting, orienting and executive control--within a single task, we used the Attention Network Test (ANT). Eighteen right-handed male participants took part in the experiment, which took place on two consecutive days. On the first day, each participant performed a 20 min training session of the ANT. On the second day, participants remained awake for 24 h during which time the ANT was performed once at 5:00 p.m. and once at 4:00 a.m. Results showed an overall slowing of reaction times in the nocturnal session, indicating a strong decrease in vigilance. Furthermore, sleep deprivation did affect attentional orienting and executive control. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that the tonic component of alerting interacts with both attentional orienting and executive functions.
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Van Der Werf YD, Altena E, Vis JC, Koene T, Van Someren EJ. Reduction of nocturnal slow-wave activity affects daytime vigilance lapses and memory encoding but not reaction time or implicit learning. Slow Brain Oscillations of Sleep, Resting State and Vigilance 2011; 193:245-55. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53839-0.00016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Although sleepiness is a major risk factor in traffic and occupational accidents, convenient, quantitative, and commercial sleepiness testing is lacking. The issue is relevant to policymakers concerned with legislation for, and surveillance of, traffic- and occupational safety. This work suggested and examined posturographic sleepiness testing for instrumentation purposes. In 63 subjects--for whom we tested balance with a force platform during sustained waking for maximum 36 h--sustained waking impaired the balance. The sustained waking explained 60% of the diurnal balance variations, whereas the time of day explained 40% of the balance variations. The first finding -that balance depends on the subject's time awake (TA)- allowed to posturographically estimate the subjects' TA with 86% accuracy and 97% precision. Results also show that balance scores tested at 13:30 hours serve as a threshold to detect excessive sleepiness. This work provides guidelines for a posturographic sleepiness tester.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Forsman
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland.
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Christie MA, McKenna JT, Connolly NP, McCarley RW, Strecker RE. 24 hours of sleep deprivation in the rat increases sleepiness and decreases vigilance: introduction of the rat-psychomotor vigilance task. J Sleep Res 2008; 17:376-84. [PMID: 19021853 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel animal-analog of the human psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) was validated by subjecting rats to 24 h of sleep deprivation (SD) and examining the effect on performance in the rat-PVT (rPVT), and a rat multiple sleep latency test (rMSLT). During a three-phase (separate cohorts) crossover design, vigilance performance in the rPVT was compared with 24 h SD-induced changes in sleepiness assessed by polysomnographic evaluation and the rMSLT. Twenty-four hours of SD was produced by brief rotation of activity wheels at regular intervals in which the animals resided throughout the experiment. In the rPVT experiment, exercise controls (EC) experienced the same overall amount of locomotor activity as during SD, but allowed long periods of undisturbed sleep. After 24 h SD response latencies slowed, and lapses increased significantly during rPVT performance when compared with baseline and EC conditions. During the first 3 h of the recovery period following 24 h SD, polysomnographic measures indicated sleepiness. Latency to fall asleep after 24 h SD was assessed six times during the first 3 h after SD. Rats fell asleep significantly faster immediately after SD, than after non-SD baseline sessions. In conclusion, 24 h of SD in rats increased sleepiness, as indicated by polysomnography and the rMSLT, and impaired vigilance as measured by the rPVT. The rPVT closely resembles the human PVT test widely used in human sleep research and will assist investigation of the neurobiologic mechanisms that produce vigilance impairments after sleep disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Christie
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA.
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