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Pontious C, Kaul S, Hong M, Hart PA, Krishna SG, Lara L, Conwell DL, Cruz-Monserrate Z. Cathepsin E expression and activity: Role in the detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2019; 19:951-956. [PMID: 31582345 PMCID: PMC6829043 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin E (CTSE) is an intracellular, hydrolytic aspartic protease found to be expressed in cells of the immune and gastrointestinal systems, lymphoid tissues, erythrocytes, and cancer cells. The precise functions are not fully understood; however, various studies have investigated its numerous cell-type specific roles. CTSE expression has been shown to be a potential early biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC patients have low survival rates mostly due to the lack of early detection methods. CTSE-specific activity probes have been developed and tested to assist in tumor imaging and functional studies investigating the role of CTSE expression in PDAC tumors. Furthermore, a CTSE protease-specific, photodynamic therapy pro-drug was developed to explore its potential use to treat tumors that express CTSE. Since CTSE is expressed in pancreatic diseases that are risk factors for PDAC, such as pancreatic cysts and chronic pancreatitis, learning about its function in these disease types could assist in early PDAC detection and in understanding the biology of PDAC progression. Overall, CTSE expression and activity shows potential to detect PDAC and other pancreatic diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand its functions and potential translational applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin Pontious
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Sabrina Kaul
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Marcus Hong
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,Kenyon College, Gambier, OH
| | - Phil A. Hart
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Somashekar G. Krishna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Luis Lara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Darwin L. Conwell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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Rémignon H, Yahia RBH, Marty-Gasset N, Wilkesman J. Apoptosis during the development of the hepatic steatosis in force-fed ducks and cooking yield implications. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2211-2217. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Pravenec M, Saba LM, Zídek V, Landa V, Mlejnek P, Šilhavý J, Šimáková M, Strnad H, Trnovská J, Škop V, Hüttl M, Marková I, Oliyarnyk O, Malínská H, Kazdová L, Smith H, Tabakoff B. Systems genetic analysis of brown adipose tissue function. Physiol Genomics 2017; 50:52-66. [PMID: 29127223 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00091.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been suggested to play an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism in rodents and possibly also in humans. In the current study, we used genetic and correlation analyses in the BXH/HXB recombinant inbred (RI) strains, derived from Brown Norway (BN) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), to identify genetic determinants of BAT function. Linkage analyses revealed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with interscapular BAT mass on chromosome 4 and two closely linked QTLs associated with glucose oxidation and glucose incorporation into BAT lipids on chromosome 2. Using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) we identified 1,147 gene coexpression modules in the BAT from BXH/HXB rats and mapped their module eigengene QTLs. Through an unsupervised analysis, we identified modules related to BAT relative mass and function. The Coral4.1 coexpression module is associated with BAT relative mass (includes Cd36 highly connected gene), and the Darkseagreen coexpression module is associated with glucose incorporation into BAT lipids (includes Hiat1, Fmo5, and Sort1 highly connected transcripts). Because multiple statistical criteria were used to identify candidate modules, significance thresholds for individual tests were not adjusted for multiple comparisons across modules. In summary, a systems genetic analysis using genomic and quantitative transcriptomic and physiological information has produced confirmation of several known genetic factors and significant insight into novel genetic components functioning in BAT and possibly contributing to traits characteristic of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Laura M Saba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Václav Zídek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Landa
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mlejnek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šilhavý
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Šimáková
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Trnovská
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Škop
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Marková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Malínská
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdová
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Harry Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Boris Tabakoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
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Seo KH, Bartley GE, Tam C, Kim HS, Kim DH, Chon JW, Kim H, Yokoyama W. Chardonnay Grape Seed Flour Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance via Altered Hepatic Gene Expression for Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Lipid and Ceramide Synthesis in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167680. [PMID: 27977712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify differentially expressed hepatic genes contributing to the improvement of high-fat (HF) diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance following supplementation of partially defatted flavonoid-rich Chardonnay grape seed flour (ChrSd), diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were fed HF diets containing either ChrSd or microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, control) for 5 weeks. The 2-h insulin area under the curve was significantly lowered by ChrSd, indicating that ChrSd improved insulin sensitivity. ChrSd intake also significantly reduced body weight gain, liver and adipose tissue weight, hepatic lipid content, and plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, despite a significant increase in food intake. Exon microarray analysis of hepatic gene expression revealed down-regulation of genes related to triglyceride and ceramide synthesis, immune response, oxidative stress, and inflammation and upregulation of genes related to fatty acid oxidation, cholesterol, and bile acid synthesis. In conclusion, the effects of ChrSd supplementation in a HF diet on weight gain, insulin resistance, and progression of hepatic steatosis in DIO mice were associated with modulation of hepatic genes related to oxidative stress, inflammation, ceramide synthesis, and lipid and cholesterol metabolism.
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Yang S, Zhang W, Zhen Q, Gao R, Du T, Xiao X, Wang Z, Ge Q, Hu J, Ye P, Zhu Q, Li Q. Impaired adipogenesis in adipose tissue associated with hepatic lipid deposition induced by chronic inflammation in mice with chew diet. Life Sci 2015; 137:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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