1
|
Salimi Z, Afsharinasab M, Rostami M, Eshaghi Milasi Y, Mousavi Ezmareh SF, Sakhaei F, Mohammad-Sadeghipour M, Rasooli Manesh SM, Asemi Z. Iron chelators: as therapeutic agents in diseases. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:2759-2776. [PMID: 38694398 PMCID: PMC11060230 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The concentration of iron is tightly regulated, making it an essential element. Various cellular processes in the body rely on iron, such as oxygen sensing, oxygen transport, electron transfer, and DNA synthesis. Iron excess can be toxic because it participates in redox reactions that catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species and elevate oxidative stress. Iron chelators are chemically diverse; they can coordinate six ligands in an octagonal sequence. Because of the ability of chelators to trap essential metals, including iron, they may be involved in diseases caused by oxidative stress, such as infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Iron-chelating agents, by tightly binding to iron, prohibit it from functioning as a catalyst in redox reactions and transfer iron and excrete it from the body. Thus, the use of iron chelators as therapeutic agents has received increasing attention. This review investigates the function of various iron chelators in treating iron overload in different clinical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Salimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
| | - Mehdi Afsharinasab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Mehdi Rostami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad
| | - Yaser Eshaghi Milasi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi Ezmareh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
| | - Fariba Sakhaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
| | - Maryam Mohammad-Sadeghipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karadkhelkar NM, Gupta P, Barasa L, Chilamakuri R, Hlordzi CK, Acharekar N, Agarwal S, Chen ZS, Yoganathan S. Chemical Derivatization Leads to the Discovery Of Novel Analogs of Azotochelin, a Natural Siderophore, as Promising Anticancer Agents. ChemMedChem 2024:e202300715. [PMID: 38598189 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Siderophores are structurally unique medicinal natural products and exhibit considerable therapeutic potential. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of azotochelin, a natural siderophore, and an extensive library of azotochelin analogs and their anticancer properties. We modified the carboxylic acid and the aromatic ring of azotochelin using various chemical motifs. We evaluated the cytotoxicity of the compounds against six different cancer cell lines (KB-3-1, SNB-19, MCF-7, K-562, SW-620, and NCI-H460) and a non-cancerous cell line (HEK-293). Among the twenty compounds tested, the IC50 values of nine compounds (14, 32, 35-40, and 54) were between 0.7 and 2.0 μM against a lung cancer cell line (NCI-H460). Moreover, several compounds showed good cytotoxicity profile (IC50 <10 μM) against the tested cancer cell lines. The flow cytometry analysis showed that compounds 36 and 38 induced apoptosis in NCI-H460 in a dose-dependent manner. The cell cycle analysis indicated that compounds 36 and 38 significantly arrested the cell cycle at the S phase to block cancer cell proliferation in the NCI-H460 cell line. The study has produced various novel azotochelin analogs that are potentially effective anticancer agents and lead compounds for further synthetic and medicinal chemistry exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishant M Karadkhelkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439
- Current affiliation: The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Pranav Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439
| | - Leonard Barasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Rameswari Chilamakuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439
| | - Christopher K Hlordzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439
| | - Nikita Acharekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439
| | - Saurabh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439
| | - Sabesan Yoganathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khazaal MT, Faraag AHI, Hamada MA, El-Hendawy HH. Characterization and Statistical Optimization of Enterobatin Synthesized by Escherichia coli OQ866153. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-023-10626-z. [PMID: 38245887 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms produce siderophores, which are secondary metabolites with a high affinity for iron. Siderophores have received significant attention due to their diverse applications in ecological and clinical research. In this study, siderophores production by Escherichia coli OQ866153 was optimized using two-stage statistical approach involving Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD). Out of 23 variables, succinate, tryptophan, Na2HPO4, CaCl2, agitation, and KH2PO4 were found to have the most significant effect on siderophores production in the first optimization stage with the highest SU% of 43.67%. In the second stage, RSM using CCD was utilized, and the optimal conditions were determined to be 0.3 g/l succinate, 0 g/l tryptophan, 6 g/l Na2HPO4, 0.1 g/l CaCl2, 150 RPM agitation, and 0.6 g/l KH2PO4, resulting in a maximum siderophore units (SU%) of 89.13%. The model was significant, as indicated by the model f-value of 314.14 (p-value = 0.0004) and coefficient of determination R2 of 0.9950. During validation experiments, the obtained maximum SU% was increased up to 87.1472%, which was two times as the value obtained under ordinary conditions (46.62%). The produced siderophores were purified and characterized using 1H, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy. The obtained results indicated that the compound was enterobactin and entABCDEF genes were further detected in Escherichia coli OQ866153 extracted DNA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of statistical optimization for enterobactin synthesis by an E. coli strain isolated from a clinical source in Egypt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T Khazaal
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H I Faraag
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Hamada
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Hoda H El-Hendawy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guan W, Fang Z, Chen Y, Li Y, Peng Z, Sun L, Deng Q, Gooneratne R. Cadmium-chelating ability of the siderophore DHBS secreted by Leclercia adecarboxylata FCH-CR2 and its action mechanism. Sci Total Environ 2023; 900:165850. [PMID: 37516178 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most accumulative toxic heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) poses a major threat to human health. Bacterial siderophores, as small molecules with metal-absorbing ability, have great potential activity for Cd-reduction. In this study, the siderophore-producing bacterialstrain FCH-CR2 was isolated from a high-Cd contaminated soil using the CAS method. Leclercia adecarboxylata was identified through 16S rRNA sequence, homology analysis, colony morphology, physiological and biochemical tests. A siderophore, catechol type 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-l-serine (DHBS) secreted by FCH-CR2, was purified using RP-HPLC and identified by LC-MS/MS. Intraperitoneal injection of DHBS significantly increased fecal Cd levels, and reduced Cd accumulation in organs. In density flooding theory (DFT) analysis, DHBS may bind to Cd via the hydroxyl site on the benzene ring. Besides, the isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assay revealed that the formation of Cd-DHBS is a spontaneous and endothermic reaction with ΔG = -21.4 kJ/mol and ΔH = 1.51 ± 0.142 kJ/mol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Guan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhijia Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Yinyan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yongbin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhilan Peng
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Qi Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury 7647, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Passari AK, Ruiz-Villafán B, Cruz-Bautista R, Díaz-Domínguez V, Rodríguez-Sanoja R, Sanchez S. Opportunities and challenges of microbial siderophores in the medical field. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6751-6759. [PMID: 37755507 PMCID: PMC10589192 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Siderophores are low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites that function as iron chelators. Under iron-deficiency conditions, they are produced by a wide variety of microbes, allowing them to increase their iron uptake. The primary function of these compounds is the environmental iron scavenging and its transport into the cytosol. Iron is then reduced to its ferrous form to operate as an enzymatic cofactor for various functions, including respiration, nitrogen fixation, photosynthesis, methanogenesis, and amino acid synthesis. Depending on their functional group, siderophores are classified into hydroxamate, catecholate, phenolate, carboxylate, and mixed types. They have achieved great importance in recent years due to their medical applications as antimicrobial, antimalarial, or anticancer drugs, vaccines, and drug-delivery agents. This review integrates current advances in specific healthcare applications of microbial siderophores, delineating new opportunities and challenges as viable therapies to fight against diseases that represent crucial public health problems in the medical field.Key points• Siderophores are low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites functioning as iron chelators.• The siderophore's properties offer viable options to face diverse clinical problems.• Siderophores are alternatives for the enhancement of antibiotic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Passari
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Ruiz-Villafán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Cruz-Bautista
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Valerie Díaz-Domínguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Romina Rodríguez-Sanoja
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang L, Zou T, Liang W, Mo C, Wei J, Deng Y, Ou M. High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals That Rotundine Inhibits Colorectal Cancer by Regulating Prognosis-Related Genes. J Pers Med 2023; 13:550. [PMID: 36983731 PMCID: PMC10052610 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Rotundine is an herbal medicine with anti-cancer effects. However, little is known about the anti-cancer effect of rotundine on colorectal cancer. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the specific molecular mechanism of rotundine inhibition of colorectal cancer. Methods: MTT and cell scratch assay were performed to investigate the effects of rotundine on the viability, migration, and invasion ability of SW480 cells. Changes in cell apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. DEGs were detected by high-throughput sequencing after the action of rotundine on SW480 cells, and the DEGs were subjected to function enrichment analysis. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to screen out prognosis-related DEGs of COAD. Followed by enrichment analysis of prognosis-related DEGs. Furthermore, prognostic models were constructed, including ROC analysis, risk curve analysis, PCA and t-SNE, Nomo analysis, and Kaplan–Meier prognostic analysis. Results: In this study, we showed that rotundine concentrations of 50 μM, 100 μM, 150 μM, and 200 μM inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SW480 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Rotundine does not induce SW480 cell apoptosis. Compared to the control group, high-throughput results showed that there were 385 DEGs in the SW480 group. And DEGs were associated with the Hippo signaling pathway. In addition, 16 of the DEGs were significantly associated with poorer prognosis in COAD, with MEF2B, CCDC187, PSD2, RGS16, PLXDC1, HELB, ASIC3, PLCH2, IGF2BP3, CLHC1, DNHD1, SACS, H1-4, ANKRD36, and ZNF117 being highly expressed in COAD and ARV1 being lowly expressed. Prognosis-related DEGs were mainly enriched in cancer-related pathways and biological functions, such as inositol phosphate metabolism, enterobactin transmembrane transporter activity, and enterobactin transport. Prognostic modeling also showed that these 16 DEGs could be used as predictors of overall survival prognosis in COAD patients. Conclusions: Rotundine inhibits the development and progression of colorectal cancer by regulating the expression of these prognosis-related genes. Our findings could further provide new directions for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Z, Huang T, Shi Q, Deng Z, Lin S. Catechol siderophores framed on 2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl-L-serine from Streptomyces varsoviensis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1182449. [PMID: 37206338 PMCID: PMC10188961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1182449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterobactin is an archetypical catecholate siderophore that plays a key role in the acquisition of ferric iron by microorganisms. Catechol moieties have been shown to be promising siderophore cores. Variants of the conserved 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate (DHB) moiety with structural modifications expand the bioactivity. Streptomyces are characterized by metabolites with diverse structures. The genomic sequence of Streptomyces varsoviensis indicated that it possessed a biosynthetic gene cluster for DHB containing siderophores and metabolic profiling revealed metabolites correlated with catechol-type natural products. Here, we report the discovery of a series of catecholate siderophores produced by S. varsoviensis and a scale-up fermentation was performed to purify these compounds for structural elucidation. A biosynthetic route for the catecholate siderophores is also proposed. These new structural features enrich the structural diversity of the enterobactin family compounds. One of the new linear enterobactin congeners shows moderate activity against a food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. This work demonstrated that changing culture conditions is still a promising approach to explore unexplored chemical diversity. The availability of the biosynthetic machinery will enrich the genetic toolbox of catechol siderophores and facilitate such engineering efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangjun Lin,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu Y, Chen R, Zeng Q. Ferroptosis As a Mechanism for Health Effects of Essential Trace Elements and Potentially Toxic Trace Elements. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03523-w. [PMID: 36575272 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03523-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a unique form of programmed cell death driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation that was proposed in recent years. It plays an important role in processes of various trace element-related diseases and is regulated by redox homeostasis and various cellular metabolic pathways (iron, amino acids, lipids, sugars), as well as disease-related signaling pathways. Some limited pioneering studies have demonstrated ferroptosis as a mechanism for the health effects of essential trace elements and potentially toxic trace elements, with crosstalk among them. The aim of this review is to bring together research articles and identify key direct and indirect evidence regarding essential trace elements (iron, selenium, zinc, copper, chromium, manganese) and potentially toxic trace elements (arsenic, aluminum, mercury) and their possible roles in ferroptosis. Our review may help determine future research priorities and opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education & School of Public Helath, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Ruobi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education & School of Public Helath, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qibing Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education & School of Public Helath, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khan A, Singh P, Chaudhary A, Haque R, Singh P, Mishra AK, Sarkar A, Srivastava A. Induction of Iron Stress in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines by Siderophore of Aspergillus nidulans Towards Promising Anticancer Effect. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3594-3607. [PMID: 34705190 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02980-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and needs efficient and feasible approach of treatment. Present study focuses on exploring the anticancer activity of a secondary metabolite called siderophore of Aspergillus nidulans against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. These small peptides are produced by microorganisms including fungi for scavenging iron from its surroundings. Fungi including Aspergillus spp. are known to produce siderophores under iron-limited conditions. Siderophores have high affinity towards iron and are classified into various types. In the present study, siderophore isolated and purified from fungal cultures was confirmed to be of hydroxamate type by chrome azurol sulfonate and Atkin's assay. HPLC analysis confirmed purity while LC-ESI-MS revealed that the siderophore is triacetyl fusigen. Cancerous cells, HepG2, grown under siderophore treatment showed inhibition in growth and proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Reduction in viability and metabolic activity was evident upon treatment as seen in trypan blue, MTT and WST assay. Fluorescent staining using PI and DAPI confirmed the same while DCFDA staining revealed increased reactive oxygen species production which might have led to cell death and deterioration. Such increase in ROS has been correlated with iron accumulation by assessing intracellular iron level through ICP-MS. To assess the effect of siderophore treatment on normal cells, WRL-68, same assays were carried out but the effect was mostly non-significant up to 48 h. Thus, present work suggests that an optimum dose of siderophore purified from A. nidulans culture might prove a useful anticancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azmi Khan
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Pratika Singh
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Archana Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Rizwanul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Kumar Mishra
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Amrita Srivastava
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rehan M, Barakat H, Almami IS, Qureshi KA, Alsohim AS. Production and Potential Genetic Pathways of Three Different Siderophore Types in Streptomyces tricolor Strain HM10. Fermentation 2022; 8:346. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Siderophores are iron-chelating low-molecular-weight compounds that bind iron (Fe3+) with a high affinity for transport into the cell. The newly isolated strain Streptomyces tricolor HM10 secretes a pattern of secondary metabolites. Siderophore molecules are the representatives of such secondary metabolites. S. tricolor HM10 produces catechol, hydroxamate, and carboxylate types of siderophores. Under 20 μM FeCl3 conditions, S. tricolor HM10 produced up to 6.00 µg/mL of catechol siderophore equivalent of 2,3-DHBA (2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid) after 4 days from incubation. In silico analysis of the S. tricolor HM10 genome revealed three proposed pathways for siderophore biosynthesis. The first pathway, consisting of five genes, predicted the production of catechol-type siderophore similar to petrobactin from Bacillus anthracis str. Ames. The second proposed pathway, consisting of eight genes, is expected to produce a hydroxamate-type siderophore similar to desferrioxamine B/E from Streptomyces sp. ID38640, S. griseus NBRC 13350, and/or S. coelicolor A3(2). The third pathway exhibited a pattern identical to the carboxylate xanthoferrin siderophore from Xanthomonas oryzae. Thus, Streptomyces strain HM10 could produce three different types of siderophore, which could be an incentive to use it as a new source for siderophore production in plant growth-promoting, environmental bioremediation, and drug delivery strategy.
Collapse
|
11
|
Islam S, Hoque N, Nasrin N, Hossain M, Rizwan F, Biswas K, Asaduzzaman M, Rahman S, Hoskin DW, Sultana S, Lehmann C. Iron Overload and Breast Cancer: Iron Chelation as a Potential Therapeutic Approach. Life 2022; 12:life12070963. [PMID: 35888054 PMCID: PMC9317809 DOI: 10.3390/life12070963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer has historically been one of the leading causes of death for women worldwide. As of 2020, breast cancer was reported to have overtaken lung cancer as the most common type of cancer globally, representing an estimated 11.3% of all cancer diagnoses. A multidisciplinary approach is taken for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer that includes conventional and targeted treatments. However, current therapeutic approaches to treating breast cancer have limitations, necessitating the search for new treatment options. Cancer cells require adequate iron for their continuous and rapid proliferation. Excess iron saturates the iron-binding capacity of transferrin, resulting in non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) that can catalyze free-radical reactions and may lead to oxidant-mediated breast carcinogenesis. Moreover, excess iron and the disruption of iron metabolism by local estrogen in the breast leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, iron concentration reduction using an iron chelator can be a novel therapeutic strategy for countering breast cancer development and progression. This review focuses on the use of iron chelators to deplete iron levels in tumor cells, specifically in the breast, thereby preventing the generation of free radicals. The inhibition of DNA synthesis and promotion of cancer cell apoptosis are the targets of breast cancer treatment, which can be achieved by restricting the iron environment in the body. We hypothesize that the usage of iron chelators has the therapeutic potential to control intracellular iron levels and inhibit the breast tumor growth. In clinical settings, iron chelators can be used to reduce cancer cell growth and thus reduce the morbidity and mortality in breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sufia Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, A/2, Jahurul Islam Avenue, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (N.H.); (N.N.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +880-2-8811381 (ext. 385) or +880-1614282327; Fax: +880-9857322
| | - Nazia Hoque
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, A/2, Jahurul Islam Avenue, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (N.H.); (N.N.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Nishat Nasrin
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, A/2, Jahurul Islam Avenue, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (N.H.); (N.N.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Mehnaz Hossain
- Department of Political Science and Global Governance, Balsillie School of International Affairs, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Farhana Rizwan
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, A/2, Jahurul Islam Avenue, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (N.H.); (N.N.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Kushal Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, A/2, Jahurul Islam Avenue, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (N.H.); (N.N.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Muhammad Asaduzzaman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Sabera Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, City University, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh;
| | - David W. Hoskin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Saki Sultana
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (S.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (S.S.); (C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pita-Grisanti V, Chasser K, Sobol T, Cruz-Monserrate Z. Understanding the Potential and Risk of Bacterial Siderophores in Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:867271. [PMID: 35785195 PMCID: PMC9248441 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.867271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Siderophores are iron chelating molecules produced by nearly all organisms, most notably by bacteria, to efficiently sequester the limited iron that is available in the environment. Siderophores are an essential component of mammalian iron homeostasis and the ongoing interspecies competition for iron. Bacteria produce a broad repertoire of siderophores with a canonical role in iron chelation and the capacity to perform versatile functions such as interacting with other microbes and the host immune system. Siderophores are a vast area of untapped potential in the field of cancer research because cancer cells demand increased iron concentrations to sustain rapid proliferation. Studies investigating siderophores as therapeutics in cancer generally focused on the role of a few siderophores as iron chelators; however, these studies are limited and some show conflicting results. Moreover, siderophores are biologically conserved, structurally diverse molecules that perform additional functions related to iron chelation. Siderophores also have a role in inflammation due to their iron acquisition and chelation properties. These diverse functions may contribute to both risks and benefits as therapeutic agents in cancer. The potential of siderophore-mediated iron and bacterial modulation to be used in the treatment of cancer warrants further investigation. This review discusses the wide range of bacterial siderophore functions and their utilization in cancer treatment to further expand their functional relevance in cancer detection and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pita-Grisanti
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kaylin Chasser
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Trevor Sobol
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Klahn P, Zscherp R, Jimidar CC. Advances in the Synthesis of Enterobactin, Artificial Analogues, and Enterobactin-Derived Antimicrobial Drug Conjugates and Imaging Tools for Infection Diagnosis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1783-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIron is an essential growth factor for bacteria, but although highly abundant in nature, its bioavailability during infection in the human host or the environment is limited. Therefore, bacteria produce and secrete siderophores to ensure their supply of iron. The triscatecholate siderophore enterobactin and its glycosylated derivatives, the salmochelins, play a crucial role for iron acquisition in several bacteria. As these compounds can serve as carrier molecules for the design of antimicrobial siderophore drug conjugates as well as siderophore-derived tool compounds for the detection of infections with bacteria, their synthesis and the design of artificial analogues is of interest. In this review, we give an overview on the synthesis of enterobactin, biomimetic as well as totally artificial analogues, and related drug-conjugates covering up to 12/2021.1 Introduction2 Antibiotic Crisis and Sideromycins as Natural Templates for New Antimicrobial Drugs3 Biosynthesis of Enterobactin, Salmochelins, and Microcins4 Total Synthesis of Enterobactin and Salmochelins5 Chemoenzymatic Semi-synthesis of Salmochelins and Microcin E492m Derivatives6 Synthesis of Biomimetic Enterobactin Derivatives with Natural Tris-lactone Backbone7 Synthesis of Artificial Enterobactin Derivatives without Tris-lactone Backbone8 Conclusions
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Klahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Department for Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg
| | - Robert Zscherp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ribeiro M, Sousa CA, Simões M. Harnessing microbial iron chelators to develop innovative therapeutic agents. J Adv Res 2021; 39:89-101. [PMID: 35777919 PMCID: PMC9263657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial iron chelators as a new route to develop inspiring antimicrobials. Siderophore-mimicking antibiotics as a pathogen-targeted strategy. Effectiveness of iron chelators on antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Iron chelators and the treatment of iron overload diseases. Iron chelators as powerful tools for cancer therapy.
Background Aim of Review Key Scientific Concepts of Review
Collapse
|
15
|
Khasheii B, Mahmoodi P, Mohammadzadeh A. Siderophores: Importance in bacterial pathogenesis and applications in medicine and industry. Microbiol Res 2021; 250:126790. [PMID: 34098495 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for all microorganisms. Siderophores are low-weight, high-affinity iron chelating molecules produced in response to iron deficiency by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria which also known as essential virulence factors of bacteria. Several studies have indicated that defective production and/or function of these molecules as well as iron acquisition systems in pathogens are associated with a reduction in pathogenicity of bacteria. Because of their potential role in various biological pathways, siderophores have been received special attention as secondary metabolites. Siderophores can detect iron levels in a variety of environments with a biosensor function. In medicine, siderophores are used to deliver antibiotics (Trojan horse strategy) to resistant bacteria and to treat diseases such as cancer and malaria. In this review, we discuss the iron acquisition pathways in Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, importance of siderophore production in pathogenesis of bacteria, classification of siderophores, and main applications of siderophores in medicine and industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behnoush Khasheii
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Pezhman Mahmoodi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Abdolmajid Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Swayambhu G, Bruno M, Gulick AM, Pfeifer BA. Siderophore natural products as pharmaceutical agents. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 69:242-251. [PMID: 33640597 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Siderophore natural products are characterized by an ability to tightly chelate metals. The origins of such compounds are often pathogenic microbes utilizing siderophores as virulence factors during host infection. The mechanism for siderophore formation typically involves the activity of nonribosomal peptide synthetases producing compounds across functional group classifications that include catecholate, phenolate, hydroxamate, and mixed categories. Though siderophore production has been a hallmark of pathogenicity, the evolutionarily-optimized binding abilities of siderophores suggest the possibility of re-directing the compounds towards alternative beneficial applications. In this mini-review, we will first describe siderophore formation origins before discussing alternative applications as pharmaceutical products. In so doing, we will cover examples and applications that include reducing metal overload, targeted antibiotic delivery, cancer treatment, vaccine development, and diagnostics. Included in this analysis will be a discussion on the native production hosts of siderophores and prospects for improvement in compound access through the adoption of heterologous biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Girish Swayambhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Michael Bruno
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Andrew M Gulick
- Department of Structural Biology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Blaine A Pfeifer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ma S, Liu A, Hu X, Feng Q, Zhang Y, Li N, Peng J, Sheng Z. Eltrombopag inhibits Type I interferon-mediated antiviral signaling by decreasing cellular iron. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114436. [PMID: 33539815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is common among patients with viral hepatitis, limiting the use of antiviral therapy. Eltrombopag (EP) is a thrombopoietin receptor (TPO-R) agonist that has been approved for treatment of immune thrombocytopenia patients with hepatitis virus infection. Interferon-α (IFN-α) plays a crucial role in the antiviral response, and is recommended as the first-line agent for chronic hepatitis B patients. Here, we investigated whether EP inhibits the production of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) induced by IFN-α through the TPO-R-independent pathway by mediating reactive oxygen species production by iron chelation. Our results assessed the inhibitory effect of EP on IFN-α signaling, which contributes to the downregulation of ISGs produced by monocytes and sheds light on the underlying mechanisms using iron chelation to treat patients with hepatitis-related immunological thrombocytopenia.
Collapse
|
18
|
Menghini S, Ho PS, Gwisai T, Schuerle S. Magnetospirillum magneticum as a Living Iron Chelator Induces TfR1 Upregulation and Decreases Cell Viability in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020498. [PMID: 33419059 PMCID: PMC7825404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest has grown in harnessing biological agents for cancer treatment as dynamic vectors with enhanced tumor targeting. While bacterial traits such as proliferation in tumors, modulation of an immune response, and local secretion of toxins have been well studied, less is known about bacteria as competitors for nutrients. Here, we investigated the use of a bacterial strain as a living iron chelator, competing for this nutrient vital to tumor growth and progression. We established an in vitro co-culture system consisting of the magnetotactic strain Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 incubated under hypoxic conditions with human melanoma cells. Siderophore production by 108 AMB-1/mL in human transferrin (Tf)-supplemented media was quantified and found to be equivalent to a concentration of 3.78 µM ± 0.117 µM deferoxamine (DFO), a potent drug used in iron chelation therapy. Our experiments revealed an increased expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and a significant decrease of cancer cell viability, indicating the bacteria’s ability to alter iron homeostasis in human melanoma cells. Our results show the potential of a bacterial strain acting as a self-replicating iron-chelating agent, which could serve as an additional mechanism reinforcing current bacterial cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kumfu S, Siri-Angkul N, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Silencing of lipocalin-2 improves cardiomyocyte viability under iron overload conditions via decreasing mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:5108-5120. [PMID: 33319934 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mechanistic roles of LCN-2 and LCN-2 receptors (LCN-2R) as iron transporters in cardiomyocytes under iron overload condition. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were treated with either LCN-2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or LCN-2R siRNA or L-type or T-type calcium channel (LTCC or TTCC) blockers, or iron chelator deferiprone (DFP). After the treatments, the cells were exposed to Fe3+ or Fe2+ , after that biological parameters were determined. Silencing of lipocalin-2 or its receptor improved cardiomyocyte viability via decreasing iron uptake, mitochondrial fission, mitophagy and cleaved caspase-3 only in the Fe3+ overload condition. In contrast, treatments with LTCC blocker and TTCC blocker showed beneficial effects on those parameters only in conditions of Fe2+ overload. Treatment with DFP has been shown beneficial effects both in Fe2+ and Fe3+ overload condition. All of these findings suggested that LTCC and TTCC play crucial roles in the Fe2+ uptake, whereas LCN-2 and LCN-2R were essential for Fe3+ uptake into the cardiomyocytes under iron overload conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirinart Kumfu
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natthaphat Siri-Angkul
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Saha P, Yeoh BS, Xiao X, Golonka RM, Abokor AA, Wenceslau CF, Shah YM, Joe B, Vijay-Kumar M. Enterobactin induces the chemokine, interleukin-8, from intestinal epithelia by chelating intracellular iron. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-18. [PMID: 33171063 PMCID: PMC7671005 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1841548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an indispensable nutrient for both mammals and microbes. Bacteria synthesize siderophores to sequester host iron, whereas lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is the host defense protein that prevent this iron thievery. Enterobactin (Ent) is a catecholate-type siderophore that has one of the strongest known affinities for iron. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are adjacent to large microbial population and are in contact with microbial products, including Ent. We undertook this study to investigate whether a single stimulus of Ent could affect IEC functions. Using three human IEC cell-lines with differential basal levels of Lcn2 (i.e. HT29 < DLD-1 < Caco-2/BBe), we demonstrated that iron-free Ent could induce a dose-dependent secretion of the pro-inflammatory chemokine, interleukin 8 (IL-8), in HT29 and DLD-1 IECs, but not in Caco-2/BBe. Ent-induced IL-8 secretion was dependent on chelation of the labile iron pool and on the levels of intracellular Lcn2. Accordingly, IL-8 secretion by Ent-treated HT29 cells could be substantially inhibited by either saturating Ent with iron or by adding exogenous Lcn2 to the cells. IL-8 production by Ent could be further potentiated when co-stimulated with other microbial products (i.e. flagellin, lipopolysaccharide). Water-soluble microbial siderophores did not induce IL-8 production, which signifies that IECs are specifically responding to the lipid-soluble Ent. Intriguingly, formyl peptide receptor (FPR) antagonists (i.e. Boc2, cyclosporine H) abrogated Ent-induced IL-8, implicating that such IEC response could be, in part, dependent on FPR. Taken together, these results demonstrate that IECs sense Ent as a danger signal, where its recognition results in IL-8 secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piu Saha
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Xia Xiao
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel M. Golonka
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ahmed A. Abokor
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Camilla F. Wenceslau
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Yatrik M. Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bina Joe
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA,CONTACT Matam Vijay-Kumar Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH43614, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Soni R, Nanjani S, Keharia H. Genome analysis reveals probiotic propensities of Paenibacillus polymyxa HK4. Genomics 2020; 113:861-873. [PMID: 33096257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The legislations on the usage of antibiotics as growth promoters and prophylactic agents have compelled to develop alternative tools to upsurge the animal protection and contain antibiotic usage. Probiotics have emerged as an effective antibiotic substitute in animal farming. The present study explores the probiotic perspective of Paenibacillus polymyxa HK4 interlinking the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. The draft genome of HK4 revealed the presence of ORFs encoding the functions associated with tolerance to gastrointestinal stress and adhesion. The biosynthetic gene clusters encoding non-ribosomally synthesized peptides, polyketides and lanthipeptides such as fusaricidin, tridecaptin, polymyxin, paenilan and paenibacillin were annotated in HK4 genome. The strain harbored the chromosomal gene conferring the resistance to lincosamides. No functional gene encoding virulence or toxins could be identified in the genome of HK4. The genome analysis data was complemented by the in vitro experiments confirming its survival during gastrointestinal transit, antimicrobial potential and antibiotic sensitivity. NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE ACCESSION NUMBER: The draft-genome sequence of Paenibacillus polymyxa HK4 has been deposited as whole-genome shotgun project at GenBank under the accession number PRJNA603023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riteshri Soni
- Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study, Sardar Patel University, Vadtal road, Bakrol 388315, Gujarat, India
| | - Sandhya Nanjani
- Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study, Sardar Patel University, Vadtal road, Bakrol 388315, Gujarat, India
| | - Hareshkumar Keharia
- Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study, Sardar Patel University, Vadtal road, Bakrol 388315, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|