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Andreassen OA, Hindley GFL, Frei O, Smeland OB. New insights from the last decade of research in psychiatric genetics: discoveries, challenges and clinical implications. World Psychiatry 2023; 22:4-24. [PMID: 36640404 PMCID: PMC9840515 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric genetics has made substantial progress in the last decade, providing new insights into the genetic etiology of psychiatric disorders, and paving the way for precision psychiatry, in which individual genetic profiles may be used to personalize risk assessment and inform clinical decision-making. Long recognized to be heritable, recent evidence shows that psychiatric disorders are influenced by thousands of genetic variants acting together. Most of these variants are commonly occurring, meaning that every individual has a genetic risk to each psychiatric disorder, from low to high. A series of large-scale genetic studies have discovered an increasing number of common and rare genetic variants robustly associated with major psychiatric disorders. The most convincing biological interpretation of the genetic findings implicates altered synaptic function in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. However, the mechanistic understanding is still incomplete. In line with their extensive clinical and epidemiological overlap, psychiatric disorders appear to exist on genetic continua and share a large degree of genetic risk with one another. This provides further support to the notion that current psychiatric diagnoses do not represent distinct pathogenic entities, which may inform ongoing attempts to reconceptualize psychiatric nosology. Psychiatric disorders also share genetic influences with a range of behavioral and somatic traits and diseases, including brain structures, cognitive function, immunological phenotypes and cardiovascular disease, suggesting shared genetic etiology of potential clinical importance. Current polygenic risk score tools, which predict individual genetic susceptibility to illness, do not yet provide clinically actionable information. However, their precision is likely to improve in the coming years, and they may eventually become part of clinical practice, stressing the need to educate clinicians and patients about their potential use and misuse. This review discusses key recent insights from psychiatric genetics and their possible clinical applications, and suggests future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guy F L Hindley
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Lo T, Kushima I, Aleksic B, Yoshimi A, Someya T, Watanabe Y, Ozaki N. Clinical manifestations of schizophrenia in four patients with variants in voltage-gated calcium channel-encoding genes: a case series. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:57-59. [PMID: 36271890 PMCID: PMC10099977 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tzuyao Lo
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Yoshimi
- Division of Clinical Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Faculty and Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Someya
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-core Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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3
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Sasa K, Saito T, Kurihara T, Hasegawa N, Sano K, Kubota D, Akaike K, Okubo T, Hayashi T, Takagi T, Ishijima M, Suehara Y. Establishment of Rapid and Accurate Screening System for Molecular Target Therapy of Osteosarcoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221138217. [PMID: 36475952 PMCID: PMC9742709 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221138217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Comprehensive analyses using clinical sequences subcategorized osteosarcoma (OS) into several groups according to the activated signaling pathways. Mutually exclusive co-occurrences of gene amplification (PDGFRA/KIT/KDR, VEGFA/CCND3, and MDM2/CDK4) have been identified in approximately 40% of OS, representing candidate subsets for clinical evaluation of additional therapeutic options. Thus, it would be desirable to evaluate the specific gene amplification before starting therapy in patients with OS. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study. We examined 13 cases of clinical OS samples using NanoString-based copy number variation (CNV) analysis. Decalcification and chemotherapeutic effects on this analysis were also assessed. Results First, the accuracy of this system was validated by showing that amplification/deletion data obtained from this system using various types of cancer cell lines almost perfectly matched to that from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). We identified potentially actionable alterations in CDK4/MDM2 amplification in 10% of samples and potential additional therapeutic targets (PDGFRA/KIT/KDR and VEGFA/CCND3) in 20% of samples, which is consistent with the reported frequencies. Furthermore, this assay could identify these potential therapeutic targets regardless of the sample status (frozen vs formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded [FFPE] tissues). Conclusion We established a NanoString-based rapid and cost-effective method with a short turnaround time (TAT) to examine gene amplification status in OS. This CNV analysis using FFPE samples is recommended where the histological evaluation of viable tumor cells is possible, especially for tumors after chemotherapy with higher chemotherapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Sasa
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Tsuyoshi Saito, Department of Human Pathology, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
Yoshiyuki Suehara, MD, PhD, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Taisei Kurihara
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hasegawa
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Sano
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kubota
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Akaike
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketo Okubo
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuo Hayashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takagi
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muneaki Ishijima
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Suehara
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Liu Y, Lei C, Wang R, Yang D, Yang B, Xu Y, Lu C, Wang L, Ding S, Guo T, Liu S, Luo H. Case Report: Whole-Exome Sequencing-Based Copy Number Variation Analysis Identified a Novel DRC1 Homozygous Exon Deletion in a Patient With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Front Genet 2022; 13:940292. [PMID: 35873463 PMCID: PMC9298917 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.940292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) based copy number variation (CNV) analysis has been reported to improve the diagnostic rate in rare genetic diseases. In this study, we aim to find the disease-associated variants in a highly suspected primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) patient without a genetic diagnosis by routine WES analysis. Methods: We identified the CNVs using the “Exomedepth” package in an undiagnosed PCD patient with a negative result through routine WES analysis. RNA isolation, PCR amplification, and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm the variant. High-speed video microscopy analysis (HSVA) and immunofluorescence analysis were applied to detect the functional and structural deficiency of nasal cilia and sperm flagella. Papanicolaou staining was employed to characterize the morphology of sperm flagella. Results: NC_000002.11(NM_145038.5): g.26635488_26641606del, c.156-1724_244-2550del, r.156_243del, p. (Glu53Asnfs*13), a novel DRC1 homozygous CNV, was identified by WES-based CNV analysis rather than routine variants calling, in a patient from a non-consanguineous family. HSVA results showed no significant change in ciliary beating frequency but with reduced beating amplitude compared with normal control, and his spermatozoa were almost immotile. The diagnosis of multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) was established through sperm motility and morphology analysis. PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing confirmed the novel variant of DRC1. Immunofluorescence showed that both cilia and sperm flagella were deficient in protein expression related to the dynein regulatory complex. Conclusion: This report identifies a novel DRC1 disease-associated variant by WES-based CNV analysis from a highly suspected PCD patient with MMAF. Our findings not only expand the genetic spectrum of PCD with MMAF but suggest that in combination with CNV analysis might improve the efficiency of genetic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Lei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Rongchun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Danhui Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Binyi Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjie Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Shuizi Ding
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Shaokun Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
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5
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Toyama M, Takasaki Y, Branko A, Kimura H, Kato H, Nawa Y, Kushima I, Ishizuka K, Shimamura T, Ogi T, Ozaki N. Exome sequencing of Japanese schizophrenia multiplex families supports the involvement of calcium ion channels. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268321. [PMID: 35536790 PMCID: PMC9089874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most sequencing studies of schizophrenia (SCZ) have focused on de novo genetic variants due to interpretability. However, investigating shared rare variants among patients in the same multiplex family is also important. Relatively large-scale analyses of SCZ multiplex families have been done in Caucasian populations, but whether detected variants are also pathogenic in the Japanese population is unclear because of ethnic differences in rare variants. Materials and methods We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 14 Japanese SCZ multiplex families. After quality control and filtering, we identified rare variants shared among affected persons within the same family. A gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed to identify gene categories possibly affected by these candidate variants. Results We found 530 variants in 486 genes as potential candidate variants from the 14 SCZ multiplex families examined. The GO analysis demonstrated significant enrichment in calcium channel activity. Conclusion This study provides supporting evidence that calcium ion channel activity is involved in SCZ. WES of multiplex families is a potential means of identifying disease-associated rare variants for SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Toyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuto Takasaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Aleksic Branko
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hidekazu Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Division of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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6
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Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) at specific loci have been identified as important risk factors for several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability (ID) and depression. These CNVs are individually rare (<0.5% frequency), have high effect sizes, and show pleiotropic effects for multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, which implies a shared aetiology. Neuropsychiatric CNVs are also associated with cognitive impairment and other medical morbidities, such as heart defects and obesity. As most neuropsychiatric CNVs are multigenic, it has been challenging to map their effects onto specific biological processes, although gene-set analyses have implicated genes related to the synapse and chromatin regulation. However, future whole-genome sequencing studies have potential for identifying novel single-gene CNV associations, which could provide insights into the pathophysiology underlying neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott Rees
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - George Kirov
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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7
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Pol-Fuster J, Cañellas F, Ruiz-Guerra L, Medina-Dols A, Bisbal-Carrió B, Asensio V, Ortega-Vila B, Marzese D, Vidal C, Santos C, Lladó J, Olmos G, Heine-Suñer D, Strauch K, Flaquer A, Vives-Bauzà C. Familial Psychosis Associated With a Missense Mutation at MACF1 Gene Combined With the Rare Duplications DUP3p26.3 and DUP16q23.3, Affecting the CNTN6 and CDH13 Genes. Front Genet 2021; 12:622886. [PMID: 33897758 PMCID: PMC8058362 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.622886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosis is a highly heritable and heterogeneous psychiatric condition. Its genetic architecture is thought to be the result of the joint effect of common and rare variants. Families with high prevalence are an interesting approach to shed light on the rare variant's contribution without the need of collecting large cohorts. To unravel the genomic architecture of a family enriched for psychosis, with four affected individuals, we applied a system genomic approach based on karyotyping, genotyping by whole-exome sequencing to search for rare single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and SNP array to search for copy-number variants (CNVs). We identified a rare non-synonymous variant, g.39914279 C > G, in the MACF1 gene, segregating with psychosis. Rare variants in the MACF1 gene have been previously detected in SCZ patients. Besides, two rare CNVs, DUP3p26.3 and DUP16q23.3, were also identified in the family affecting relevant genes (CNTN6 and CDH13, respectively). We hypothesize that the co-segregation of these duplications with the rare variant g.39914279 C > G of MACF1 gene precipitated with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Pol-Fuster
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB) and Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut, IUNICS, Palma, Spain
| | - Francesca Cañellas
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Psychiatry Service, University Hospital Son Espases (HUSE), Palma, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Guerra
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Research Unit, HUSE, Palma, Spain
| | - Aina Medina-Dols
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Research Unit, HUSE, Palma, Spain
| | - Bàrbara Bisbal-Carrió
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB) and Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut, IUNICS, Palma, Spain
| | - Víctor Asensio
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Genomic Service Balearic Islands (GEN-IB), HUSE, Palma, Spain
| | - Bernat Ortega-Vila
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Genomic Service Balearic Islands (GEN-IB), HUSE, Palma, Spain
| | - Diego Marzese
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Research Unit, HUSE, Palma, Spain
| | - Carme Vidal
- Genomic Service Balearic Islands (GEN-IB), HUSE, Palma, Spain
| | - Carmen Santos
- Genomic Service Balearic Islands (GEN-IB), HUSE, Palma, Spain
| | - Jerònia Lladó
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB) and Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut, IUNICS, Palma, Spain
| | - Gabriel Olmos
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB) and Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut, IUNICS, Palma, Spain
| | - Damià Heine-Suñer
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Genomic Service Balearic Islands (GEN-IB), HUSE, Palma, Spain
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Antònia Flaquer
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cristòfol Vives-Bauzà
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB) and Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut, IUNICS, Palma, Spain.,Research Unit, HUSE, Palma, Spain
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8
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Finucane BM, Ledbetter DH, Vorstman JA. Diagnostic genetic testing for neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders: closing the gap between recommendation and clinical implementation. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 68:1-8. [PMID: 33434711 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances in laboratory testing have significantly increased the detection of rare genetic etiologies of neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders (NPD), particularly developmental delay/ intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia. Establishing a genetic diagnosis has important medical and personal utility for individuals with these conditions. Diagnostic genetic tests for NPD are clinically available but underutilized outside of medical genetics settings. Without clear multidisciplinary consensus recommendations, active involvement of medical specialists working with NPD patients, and practical education and training, the implementation of genetic testing for NPD will continue to lag behind other areas of medicine. In the long-term, collaborative efforts to address educational, logistical, and workforce obstacles will improve patient care and pave the way for targeted, effective NPD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda M Finucane
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA USA.
| | - David H Ledbetter
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA USA
| | - Jacob As Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Halvorsen M, Huh R, Oskolkov N, Wen J, Netotea S, Giusti-Rodriguez P, Karlsson R, Bryois J, Nystedt B, Ameur A, Kähler AK, Ancalade N, Farrell M, Crowley JJ, Li Y, Magnusson PKE, Gyllensten U, Hultman CM, Sullivan PF, Szatkiewicz JP. Increased burden of ultra-rare structural variants localizing to boundaries of topologically associated domains in schizophrenia. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1842. [PMID: 32296054 PMCID: PMC7160146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15707-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in schizophrenia genetics, most findings have been for large rare structural variants and common variants in well-imputed regions with few genes implicated from exome sequencing. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) can potentially provide a more complete enumeration of etiological genetic variation apart from the exome and regions of high linkage disequilibrium. We analyze high-coverage WGS data from 1162 Swedish schizophrenia cases and 936 ancestry-matched population controls. Our main objective is to evaluate the contribution to schizophrenia etiology from a variety of genetic variants accessible to WGS but not by previous technologies. Our results suggest that ultra-rare structural variants that affect the boundaries of topologically associated domains (TADs) increase risk for schizophrenia. Alterations in TAD boundaries may lead to dysregulation of gene expression. Future mechanistic studies will be needed to determine the precise functional effects of these variants on biology. Common variants identified by large-scale genomewide association studies cannot account fully account for the heritability of schizophrenia (SCZ). Here, the authors report high-coverage whole-genome sequencing of 1162 SCZ cases and 936 controls and explore the contribution of different types of variants to SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Halvorsen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ruth Huh
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nikolay Oskolkov
- Department of Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Lund University, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jia Wen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sergiu Netotea
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, 41258, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julien Bryois
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Nystedt
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75237, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adam Ameur
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna K Kähler
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - NaEshia Ancalade
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Martilias Farrell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - James J Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christina M Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Jin P Szatkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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