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Dixit M, Chhabra D, Shukla P. Optimization of endoglucanase-lipase-amylase enzyme consortium from Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS25 using Multi-Objective genetic algorithm and their bio-deinking applications. Bioresour Technol 2023; 370:128467. [PMID: 36509307 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the enzyme consortium of endoglucanase, lipase, and amylase was obtained and optimized using artificial intelligence-based tools. After optimization using a multi-objective genetic algorithm and artificial neural network, the enzyme activity was 8.8 IU/g, 153.68 U/g, and 19.2 IU/g for endoglucanase, lipase, and amylase, respectively, using Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS25. The highest enzyme activity was obtained at parameters 77.69% moisture content, 52.7 °C temperature, 98 h, and 3.1 eucalyptus leaves: wheat bran ratio. The endoglucanase-lipase-amylase (END-LIP-AMY) enzyme consortium showed reliable characteristics in terms of catalytic activity at 50-80 °C and pH 6.0-9.0. The increase in deinking efficiency of 27.8% and 11.1% were obtained compared to control for mixed office waste and old newspaper, respectively, using the enzyme consortium. The surface chemical composition and fiber morphology of deinked pulp was investigated using Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Dixit
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Chhabra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India; Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Marzo-Gago C, Venus J, López-Gómez JP. Production of lactic acid from pasta wastes using a biorefinery approach. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 2022; 15:128. [PMID: 36411476 PMCID: PMC9680126 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A total of 398 kt of pasta waste (PW), generated during the production process of pasta, were produced in 2021. Due to its chemical composition and practically zero cost, PW has already been studied as a raw material for the production of lactic acid (LA) through fermentations. The main objective of this article was to improve the economic viability of the process by replacing commercial enzymes, necessary for starch hydrolysis in PW, with raw enzymes also produced from wastes. Enzyme synthesis was achieved through solid-state fermentation (SsF) of wheat bran by Aspergillus awamori or Aspergillus oryzae at various moisture contents. The maximum amylase activity (52 U/g dry solid) was achieved after 2 days of fermentation with A. awamori at 60% of moisture content. After that, the enzymes were used to hydrolyse PW, reaching 76 g/L of total sugars, 65 g/L of glucose and a yield of 0.72 gglu/gds with the enzymes produced by A. awamori. Subsequently, the hydrolysate was fermented into LA using Bacillus coagulans A559, yielding 52 g/L and 49 g/L with and without yeast extract, respectively. Remarkably, compared to the process with commercial enzymes, a higher LA yield was reached when enzymes produced by SsF were added (0.80 gLA/gglu). Furthermore, the productivities between the two processes were similar (around 3.9 g/L/h) which highlights that yeast extract is not necessary when using enzymes produced by SsF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Marzo-Gago
- grid.435606.20000 0000 9125 3310Microbiome Biotechnology Department, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany ,grid.7759.c0000000103580096Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, Pol. Río San Pedro S/N, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Joachim Venus
- grid.435606.20000 0000 9125 3310Microbiome Biotechnology Department, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany
| | - José Pablo López-Gómez
- grid.435606.20000 0000 9125 3310Microbiome Biotechnology Department, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany ,National Center for Biotechnological Innovations of Costa Rica (CENIBiot), 1174-1200 San José, Costa Rica
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Romero-garcía JM, González-lópez CV, Brindley C, Fernández-sevilla JM, Acién-fernández FG. Simulation and Techno-Economical Evaluation of a Microalgal Biofertilizer Production Process. Biology 2022; 11:1359. [PMID: 36138838 PMCID: PMC9495801 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The world’s population is expected to increase to almost 10,000 million by 2025, thus requiring an increase in agricultural production to meet the demand for food. Hence, an increase in fertilizer production will be needed, but with more environmentally sustainable fertilizers than those currently used. Traditional nitrogenous fertilizers (TNFs, inorganic compounds, for example nitrates and ammonium) are currently the most consumed. Biofertilizers concentrated in amino acids (BCAs) are a more sustainable alternative to TNF and could reduce the demand for TNFs. BCAs are widely used in intensive agriculture as growth and fruit formation enhancers, as well as in situations of stress for the plant, helping it to recover its vigor. In addition, BCAs minimize or contribute to reducing the damage caused by pests and diseases, have an immediate action, giving a full utilization and, lastly and most importantly, they produce savings in the crop. The objective of this work is to propose a process for the production of biofertilizer concentrated in free amino acids from microalgal biomass produced in a wastewater treatment plant and to carry out techno-economic evaluation in such a way as to determine the viability of the proposal. Abstract Due to population growth in the coming years, an increase in agricultural production will soon be mandatory, thus requiring fertilizers that are more environmentally sustainable than the currently most-consumed fertilizers since these are important contributors to climate change and water pollution. The objective of this work is the techno-economic evaluation of the production of biofertilizer concentrated in free amino acids from microalgal biomass produced in a wastewater treatment plant, to determine its economic viability. A process proposal has been made in six stages that have been modelled and simulated with the ASPEN Plus simulator. A profitability analysis has been carried out using a Box–Behnken-type response surface statistical design with three factors—the cost of the biomass sludge, the cost of the enzymes, and the sale price of the biofertilizer. It was found that the most influential factor in profitability is the sale price of the biofertilizer. According to a proposed representative base case, in which the cost of the biomass sludge is set to 0.5 EUR/kg, the cost of the enzymes to 20.0 EUR/kg, and the sale price of the biofertilizer to 3.5 EUR/kg, which are reasonable costs, it is concluded that the production of the biofertilizer would be economically viable.
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Huang Y, Zhang K, Guo W, Zhang C, Chen H, Xu T, Lu Y, Wu Q, Li Y, Chen Y. Aspergillus niger fermented Tartary buckwheat ameliorates obesity and gut microbiota dysbiosis through the NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway in high-fat diet mice. J Funct Foods 2022; 95:105171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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del Mar Contreras M, Romero-García JM, López-Linares JC, Romero I, Castro E. Residues from grapevine and wine production as feedstock for a biorefinery. Food and Bioproducts Processing 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Di Lorenzo RDD, Serra I, Porro D, Branduardi P. State of the Art on the Microbial Production of Industrially Relevant Organic Acids. Catalysts 2022; 12:234. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrial relevance of organic acids is high; because of their chemical properties, they can be used as building blocks as well as single-molecule agents with a huge annual market. Organic acid chemical platforms can derive from fossil sources by petrochemical refining processes, but most of them also represent natural metabolites produced by many cells. They are the products, by-products or co-products of many primary metabolic processes of microbial cells. Thanks to the potential of microbial cell factories and to the development of industrial biotechnology, from the last decades of the previous century, the microbial-based production of these molecules has started to approach the market. This was possible because of a joint effort of microbial biotechnologists and biochemical and process engineers that boosted natural production up to the titer, yield and productivity needed to be industrially competitive. More recently, the possibility to utilize renewable residual biomasses as feedstock not only for biofuels, but also for organic acids production is further augmenting the sustainability of their production, in a logic of circular bioeconomy. In this review, we briefly present the latest updates regarding the production of some industrially relevant organic acids (citric fumaric, itaconic, lactic and succinic acid), discussing the challenges and possible future developments of successful production.
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Santos ADS, Pereira GM, Mazotto de Almeida AM, Santos RRD, Terzi SDC, Pacheco TF, Beatriz Vermelho A, Corrêa Cabral LM, Couri S, Damaso MCT. Production, concentration and partial characterization of an enzymatic extract produced by an Aspergillus niger mutant in solid state fermentation. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 52:1109-1118. [PMID: 35175876 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2033989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An enzymatic extract from Aspergillus niger 3T5B8 was produced by Solid State Fermentation (SSF) in aerated columns, using wheat bran as substrate. A combination of extracts produced using three different process conditions varying temperature, pH and aeration formed the final extract (Mixture). The Mixture was concentrated by an ultrafiltration process that partially purified and provided an efficient recovery of the enzymatic activities of xylanase (88.89%), polygalacturonase (89.3%), β-glucosidase (93.15%), protease (98.68%) and carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) (98.93%). SDS-PAGE analysis showed 15 visible protein bands in the crude and concentrated Mixture with molecular weights ranging from 15.1 to 104.6 kDa. Thin layer chromatography confirmed the effective action of β-glucosidase and xylanase hydrolysis activities over cellobiose and xylan, respectively. A central composite design (CCD) with two variables and four replicates at the center points was used to determine the optimal temperature and pH for CMCase and β-glucosidase. The optimal temperature was 78.9 °C and pH 3.8 for CMCase and 52.8 °C and pH 4.8 for β-glucosidase, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex da Silva Santos
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil.,Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Moysés Pereira
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Regiane Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil.,Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alane Beatriz Vermelho
- Instituto de Microbiologia Prof Paulo de Góes, BIOINOVAR, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Sonia Couri
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Munekata PES, Domínguez R, Pateiro M, Nawaz A, Hano C, Walayat N, Lorenzo JM. Strategies to Increase the Value of Pomaces with Fermentation. Fermentation 2021; 7:299. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The generation of pomaces from juice and olive oil industries is a major environmental issue. This review aims to provide an overview of the strategies to increase the value of pomaces by fermentation/biotransformation and explore the different aspects reported in scientific studies. Fermentation is an interesting solution to improve the value of pomaces (especially from grape, apple, and olive) and produce high-added value compounds. In terms of animal production, a shift in the fermentation process during silage production seems to happen (favoring ethanol production rather than lactic acid), but it can be controlled with starter cultures. The subsequent use of silage with pomace in animal production slightly reduces growth performance but improves animal health status. One of the potential applications in the industrial context is the production of enzymes (current challenges involve purification and scaling up the process) and organic acids. Other emerging applications are the production of odor-active compounds to improve the aroma of foods as well as the release of bound polyphenols and the synthesis of bioactive compounds for functional food production.
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Altan Kamer DD, Gumus T, Palabiyik I, Demirci AS, Oksuz O. Grape pomace as a promising source for gellan gum production. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Huang C, Feng Y, Patel G, Xu XQ, Qian J, Liu Q, Kai GY. Production, immobilization and characterization of beta-glucosidase for application in cellulose degradation from a novel Aspergillus versicolor. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:437-446. [PMID: 33636259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) catalyzes the hydrolysis of cellobiose and cellooligosaccharides containing (1 → 4)-beta-glycosidic bonds to glucose, which is crucial in cellulosic ethanol production. In this study, Aspergillus versicolor, a novel highly productive beta-glucosidase strain, was first isolated from Camptotheca acuminata seeds. The highest beta-glucosidase activity with 812.86 U/mL was obtained by using the response surface methodology, and a 14.4-fold has increased compared to the control. The beta-glucosidase was then purified to homogeneity with recovery yield and specific activity of 25.98% and 499.15 U/mg, respectively. To enhance its stability and recyclability, the purified beta-glucosidase was first immobilized onto magnetic MnO2 by electrostatic adsorption. The immobilized materials were characterized by FR-IT, TEM and FE-SEM. Compared with the free beta-glucosidase, the immobilized enzyme exhibited enhanced thermal stability (1.5-fold raise in half-life at 50 °C), and reusability (holding over 60% activity after eight cycles), besides, the optimum pH has increased to 6.0. Substrate specificity research suggested that the enzyme had high hydrolytic activity on cellobiose. It also had a hydrolysis effect on (1 → 3) and (1 → 6)-beta-glycosidic linkages. Application trials in cellulose hydrolysis revealed that the immobilized enzyme was comparatively more effective. Our results suggested this novel immobilized beta-glucosidase makes a promising alternative for the cellulosic ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Gopal Patel
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Xu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Guo-Yin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Papadaki E, Mantzouridou FT. Natural β-Carotene Production by Blakeslea trispora Cultivated in Spanish-Style Green Olive Processing Wastewaters. Foods 2021; 10:327. [PMID: 33557096 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current research, the potential of Spanish-style green olive processing wastewaters (lye and washing waters) exploitation toward natural β-carotene production by Blakeslea trispora was tested for the first time. Mating culture generated by the joint cultivation of the heterothallic fungal strains ATCC 14271 and 14272 in the non-sterile lye and washing waters was able to grow, achieving the phytotoxic hydroxytyrosol degradation by 57.3% and 66.8%, respectively. However, the low sugar and nitrogen content of the streams did not favor carotenogenesis. Alternatively, in the nutrient-enriched effluents, a notable quantity of β-carotene was produced, accounted for 61.2 mg/L (lye) and 64.1 mg/L (washing waters) (82–88% of total carotenoid content). Above all, enriched streams had a noteworthy stimulating effect on the β-carotene synthesis, because both the maximum β-carotene yield per volume of enriched effluents and specific β-carotene production rate were higher when compared with the respective values obtained from trials with synthetic reference medium without added effluents. Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol showed high stability during the non-sterile process for β-carotene production by B. trispora grown in the enriched effluents. This finding strengthens the potential toward the generation of multiple high-value products, which could lower the natural β-carotene production costs.
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Qin S, Shekher Giri B, Kumar Patel A, Sar T, Liu H, Chen H, Juneja A, Kumar D, Zhang Z, Kumar Awasthi M, Taherzadeh MJ. Resource recovery and biorefinery potential of apple orchard waste in the circular bioeconomy. Bioresour Technol 2021; 321:124496. [PMID: 33302013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this review investigate the apple orchard waste (AOW) is potential organic resources to produce multi-product and there sustainable interventions with biorefineries approaches to assesses the apple farm industrial bioeconomy. The thermochemical and biological processes like anaerobic digestion, composting and , etc., that generate distinctive products like bio-chemicals, biofuels, biofertilizers, animal feed and biomaterial, etc can be employed for AOW valorization. Integrating these processes can enhanced the yield and resource recovery sustainably. Thus, employing biorefinery approaches with allied different methods can link to the progression of circular bioeconomy. This review article mainly focused on the different biological processes and thermochemical that can be occupied for the production of waste to-energy and multi-bio-product in a series of reaction based on sustainability. Therefore, the biorefinery for AOW move towards identification of the serious of the reaction with each individual thermochemical and biological processes for the conversion of one-dimensional providences to circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Qin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Balendu Shekher Giri
- Center for Excellence for Sustainable Polymer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
| | - Huimin Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ankita Juneja
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 402 Walters Hall, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden.
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