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Krutz M, Acharya P, Elliott J, Zhao D, Mhawej R, Queimado L. Tobacco Cessation Following Laryngeal Cancer Diagnosis Predicts Response to Treatment and Laryngectomy-Free Survival. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 170:438-446. [PMID: 37890055 PMCID: PMC10872773 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of tobacco cessation following laryngeal cancer diagnosis on response to first-line therapy, laryngectomy-free survival, and overall survival in patients who were current smokers at the time of diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective, case-control study. SETTING OU Stephenson Cancer Center, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center. METHODS We included 140 patients diagnosed with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, who were current smokers at the time of diagnosis, and were treated with first-line definitive radiation or chemo/radiation with the intent to cure. The association between patient characteristics and treatment response was assessed using the χ2 test and logistic regression analysis. Survival outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional-hazards models. RESULTS Of the 140 current smokers, 61 patients (45%) quit smoking prior to treatment initiation. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, quitters had 3.7 times higher odds of achieving a complete response to first-line therapy than active smokers (odds ratio: 3.694 [1.575-8.661]; P = .003). In the adjusted Cox proportional-hazards model, quitters were 54% less likely to require salvage laryngectomy within 7 years of diagnosis than active smokers (hazard ratio: 0.456 [0.246-0.848]; P = .013). Quitters had a statistically significant increase in 7-year overall survival compared to active smokers (P = .02). CONCLUSION This is the first study to show that in newly diagnosed laryngeal cancer patients who are current smokers at the time of diagnosis, tobacco cessation significantly increases therapy response, laryngectomy-free survival, and overall survival. These data stress the importance of systematically incorporating tobacco cessation programs into laryngeal cancer treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Krutz
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City OK, USA
| | - Pawan Acharya
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City OK, USA
| | - Jacey Elliott
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City OK, USA
| | - Daniel Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rachad Mhawej
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City OK, USA
| | - Lurdes Queimado
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City OK, USA
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Lin C, Lin L, Chen T, Ye Y, Chiang B. The expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits and their associations with local immune cells and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:18918-18930. [PMID: 37654227 PMCID: PMC10557882 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that may be responsible for cancer cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and immune regulation. However, little is known about the associations of different nAChR subunits with tumor microenvironment in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed pathology samples from 75 OSCC patients by immunohistochemistry. In addition, a cohort of 307 OSCC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas was analyzed. RESULTS Subunit α1 was specific to peri-OSCC skeletal muscle. Increased α1 was associated with increased CD44 (cancer stem cells), increased CD3 and 8 (T cells), increased CD56 and 16 (natural killer cells), a decreased T stage, and an increased N stage. Increased α3 was associated with increased CD56 and 16. Increased α5 was associated with decreased CD3, 8, and 56, a decreased T stage, an increased N stage, worse survival, and decreased epithelial features. Increased α7 was associated with increased CD3, 8, 56, and 16, decreased tumor/peritumor ratios of CD3, 8, and 56 immune cells, and increased epithelial features. Increased local immune cells were associated with a better prognosis. CONCLUSIONS α5 is the only subunit associated with decreased local immune cells and worse survival, while α1, α3, and α7 are associated with increased local immune cells in OSCC. α5 and α7 are correlated with different EMT states to be mesenchymal-like and epithelial-like OSCC, respectively. Protein expression data of the nAChR subunits, complementary to gene expression data, could provide meaningful information regarding the EMT status of OSCC associated with immune responses and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi‐Maw Lin
- Department of OtolaryngologyNational Taiwan University Hospital, Yun‐Lin BranchTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Long‐Wei Lin
- Department of PathologyNational Taiwan University Hospital, Yun‐Lin BranchTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tseng‐Cheng Chen
- Department of OtolaryngologyNational Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Ling Ye
- Department of BiotechnologyNational Formosa UniversityHuweiTaiwan
| | - Bor‐Luen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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Wang YY, Fang PT, Su CW, Chen YK, Huang JJ, Huang MY, Yuan SSF. Excision repair cross-complementing group 2 upregulation is a potential predictive biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma recurrence. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:450. [PMID: 33868488 PMCID: PMC8045162 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer among males in Taiwan, and the prognosis for patients with advanced-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains poor. The present study investigated the prognostic value of three DNA repair genes, namely excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1), ERCC2 and X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) in OSCC. The protein expression levels of XRCC1, ERCC1 and ERCC2 in oral cell lines were analyzed via western blotting and immunohistochemistry using samples from 98 patients with biopsy-proven OSCC, while the χ2 test was used to analyze the clinicopathological association. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to determine the prognostic value of XRCC1, ERCC1 and ERCC2 for overall survival, and the log-rank test was used to evaluate the significance of differences. Multivariate analysis revealed a positive association between ERCC2 expression and OSCC recurrence (19.64-fold; 95% CI, 5.00-77.1; P<0.001). In addition, the high protein expression levels of XRCC1, ERCC1 and ERCC2 were associated with poor disease-free and overall survival rates. Therefore, the present study suggested that high ERCC2 expression may be a risk factor for OSCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yun Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pen-Tzu Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chang-Wei Su
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuk-Kwan Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging Center, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Joh-Jong Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Yii Huang
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shyng-Shiou F Yuan
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Manyanga J, Ganapathy V, Bouharati C, Mehta T, Sadhasivam B, Acharya P, Zhao D, Queimado L. Electronic cigarette aerosols alter the expression of cisplatin transporters and increase drug resistance in oral cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1821. [PMID: 33469038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the leading preventable cause of cancer. Moreover, continued smoking during cancer therapy reduces overall survival. Aware of the negative consequences of tobacco smoking and the challenges of smoking cessation, cancer patients are inquiring whether they should switch to electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). To obtain evidence-based data to inform this decision, we examined the effects of e-cigarette aerosol exposure on cisplatin resistance in head and neck cancer cells. Our results show that cancer cells exposed to e-cigarette aerosol extracts and treated with cisplatin have a significant decrease in cell death, increase in viability, and increase in clonogenic survival when compared to non-exposed cells. Moreover, exposure to e-cigarette aerosol extracts increased the concentration of cisplatin needed to induce a 50% reduction in cell growth (IC50) in a nicotine-independent manner. Tobacco smoke extracts induced similar increases in cisplatin resistance. Changes in the expression of drug influx and efflux transporters, rather than activation of cell growth-promoting pathways or DNA damage repair, contribute to e-cigarette induced cisplatin resistance. These results suggest that like combustible tobacco, e-cigarette use might increase chemotherapy resistance, and emphasize the urgent need for rigorous evaluation of e-cigarettes health effects to ensure evidence-based public health policies.
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Liao L, Chen W, Lai H, Yi X, Wang D. Prognostic nomogram based on immune scores for laryngeal squamous cell cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 278:141-148. [PMID: 32638085 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune scores have been used as a prognostic factor for various types of cancer. However, the association between immune scores and the prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC) has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to explore the prognostic significance of immune scores and construct a clinical nomogram to predict the survival of patients with LSCC. METHODS The clinicopathological characteristics and immune scores of 102 patients with LSCC were obtained from TCGA database and a nomogram was developed. C-index and calibration curves were applied to assess the performance of the model. RESULTS Patients with higher immune scores had significantly better overall survival (OS). The prognostic nomogram presented a good performance in survival prediction. CONCLUSIONS High immune scores are correlated with improved OS in patients with LSCC. In addition, the nomogram developed for this study may assist clinicians in the prognostic evaluation of patients with LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianming Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Haichun Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xuehan Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Desheng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
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Talani C, Mäkitie A, Beran M, Holmberg E, Laurell G, Farnebo L. Early mortality after diagnosis of cancer of the head and neck - A population-based nationwide study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223154. [PMID: 31577831 PMCID: PMC6774523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancers of the head and neck have a high mortality rate, and roughly 10% of the patients die within six months of diagnosis. To our knowledge little has been written about this group. We wished to identify risk factors for early death, to predict and monitor patients at risk better and, if possible, avoid unjustified major treatment. Methods and findings This population-based nationwide study from the Swedish Head and Neck Cancer Register (SweHNCR) included data from 2008–2015 and 9733 patients at potential risk of early death. A total of 925 (9.5%) patients died within six months. For every year older the patients became, the risk of early death increased by 2.3% (p<0.001). The relative risk of death was 3.37 times higher (237%) for patients with WHO score 1 compared with WHO score 0. A primary tumour in the hypopharynx correlated with a 24% increased risk over the oral cavity (p<0.024). Patients with stage IV disease had a 3.7 times greater risk of early death than those with stage I (p<0.001). As expected, a 12 times increased risk of early death was noted in the palliative treatment group, compared to the curative group. Limitations to this study were that the actual cause of death was not recorded in the SweHNCR, and that socioeconomic factors, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, and HPV status, were not reported in SweHNCR until 2015. However, the fact that this is a population-based nationwide study including 9733 patients compensates for some of these limitations. Conclusions Identification of patients at increased risk of early death shows that older patients with advanced disease, increased WHO score, primary tumour in the hypopharynx, and those given palliative treatment, are more likely than the others to die from head and neck cancer within six months of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbél Talani
- Division of Speech language pathology, Audiology and Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Clinical and Experimental medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Research Programme in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Beran
- Department of ENT and Maxillofacial Surgery, NAL Medical Center Hospital, Trollhattan, Sweden
| | - Erik Holmberg
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Laurell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, ENT, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Farnebo
- Division of Speech language pathology, Audiology and Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Clinical and Experimental medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Gokavarapu S, Parvataneni N, Pavagada S, Chandrasekhara Rao L, Raju K, Rao TS. Mild to moderate dysplasia at surgical margin is a significant indicator of survival in patients with oral cancer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017; 123:330-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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