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Frisch K, Mortensen FV, Munk OL, Gormsen LC, Alstrup AKO. N-(4-[ 18F]fluorobenzyl)cholylglycine, a potential tracer for positron emission tomography of enterohepatic circulation and drug-induced inhibition of ileal bile acid transport. A proof-of-concept PET/CT study in pigs. Nucl Med Biol 2022; 114-115:49-57. [PMID: 36095922 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Enterohepatic circulation (EHC) of conjugated bile acids is an important physiological process crucial for bile acids to function as detergents and signal carriers. Perturbation of the EHC by disease or drugs may lead to serious and life-threatening liver and gastrointestinal disorders. In this proof-of-concept study in pigs, we investigate the potential of N-(4-[18F]fluorobenzyl)cholylglycine ([18F]FBCGly) as tracer for quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) of the EHC of conjugated bile acids. METHODS The biodistribution of [18F]FBCGly was investigated by PET/CT in domestic pigs following intravenous and intraileal administration of the tracer. Hepatic kinetics were estimated from PET and blood data using a 2-tissue compartmental model and dual-input of [18F]FBCGly. The ileal uptake of [18F]FBCGly was investigated with co-injection of nifedipine and endogenous cholyltaurine. Dosimetry was estimated from the PET data using the Olinda 2.0 software. Blood, bile and urine samples were analyzed for possible fluorine-18 labelled metabolites of [18F]FBCGly. RESULTS [18F]FBCGly was rapidly taken up by the liver and excreted into bile, and underwent EHC without being metabolized. Both nifedipine and endogenous cholyltaurine inhibited the ileal uptake of [18F]FBCGly. The flow-dependent hepatic uptake clearance was estimated to median 1.2 mL blood/min/mL liver tissue. The mean residence time of [18F]FBCGly in hepatocytes was 4.0 ± 1.1 min. Critical organs for [18F]FBCGly were the gallbladder wall (0.94 mGy/MBq) and the small intestine (0.50 mGy/MBq). The effective dose for [18F]FBCGly was 36 μSv/MBq. CONCLUSION We have shown that [18F]FBCGly undergoes EHC in pigs without being metabolized and that its ileal uptake is inhibited by nifedipine and endogenous bile acids. Combined with our previous findings in rats, we believe that [18F]FBCGly has potential as PET tracer for assessment of EHC of conjugated bile acids under physiological conditions as well as conditions with perturbed hepatic and ileal bile acid transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Frisch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Frank Viborg Mortensen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Lajord Munk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Christian Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Li M, Wang Q, Li Y, Cao S, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Liu G, Li J, Gu B. Apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter, drug target for bile acid related diseases and delivery target for prodrugs: Current and future challenges. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 212:107539. [PMID: 32201314 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Greiser J, Weigand W, Freesmeyer M. Metal-Based Complexes as Pharmaceuticals for Molecular Imaging of the Liver. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E137. [PMID: 31527492 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the use of metal complexes as contrast agents (CA) and radiopharmaceuticals for the anatomical and functional imaging of the liver. The main focus was on two established imaging modalities: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear medicine, the latter including scintigraphy and positron emission tomography (PET). The review provides an overview on approved pharmaceuticals like Gd-based CA and 99mTc-based radiometal complexes, and also on novel agents such as 68Ga-based PET tracers. Metal complexes are presented by their imaging modality, with subsections focusing on their structure and mode of action. Uptake mechanisms, metabolism, and specificity are presented, in context with advantages and limitations of the diagnostic application and taking into account the respective imaging technique.
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Frisch K, Kjærgaard K, Horsager J, Schacht AC, Munk OL. Human biodistribution, dosimetry, radiosynthesis and quality control of the bile acid PET tracer [N-methyl- 11C]cholylsarcosine. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 72-73:55-61. [PMID: 31330413 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION [N-methyl-11C]cholylsarcosine ([11C]CSar) is a tracer for imaging and quantitative assessment of intrahepatic cholestatic liver diseases and drug-induced cholestasis by positron emission tomography (PET). The purpose of this study is to determine whole-body biodistribution and dosimetry of [11C]CSar in healthy humans. The results are compared with findings in a patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and a patient with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) as well as with preclinical findings in pigs. Radiosynthesis and quality control for preparation of [11C]CSar for clinical use are also presented. METHODS Radiosynthesis and quality control of [11C]CSar were set up in compliance with Danish/European regulations. Both healthy participants (3 females, 3 males) and patients underwent whole-body PET/CT to determine the biodistribution of [11C]CSar. The two patients were under treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid at the time of the study. Dosimetry was estimated from the PET data using the Olinda 2.0 software. RESULTS The radiosynthesis provided [11C]CSar in a solution ready for injection. The biodistribution studies revealed that gallbladder wall, small intestine, and liver were critical organs in both healthy participants and patients with the gallbladder wall receiving the highest dose (up to 0.5 mGy/MBq). The gender-averaged (±SD) effective dose for the healthy participants was 6.2 ± 1.4 μSv/MBq. The effective dose for the PSC and the PBC patient was 5.2 and 7.0 μSv/MBq, respectively. CONCLUSION A radiosynthesis for preparation of [11C]CSar for clinical use was developed and approved by the Danish Medicines Agency. The most critical organ was the gallbladder wall although the amount of [11C]CSar in the gallbladder was found to vary significantly between individuals. The estimated effective dose for humans was comparable to that estimated in anesthetized pigs although the absorbed dose estimates to some organs, such as the stomach, was different. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE: [11C]CSar PET/CT enables detailed quantitative assessment of patients with cholestatic liver disease by tracing the separate hepatobiliary transport steps of endogenous bile acids. The present work offers a radiosynthetic method and dosimetry data suitable for clinical implementation of [11C]CSar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Frisch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Kristoffer Kjærgaard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob Horsager
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna Christina Schacht
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Lajord Munk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Jakubek M, Kejík Z, Kaplánek R, Antonyová V, Hromádka R, Šandriková V, Sýkora D, Martásek P, Král V. Hydrazones as novel epigenetic modulators: Correlation between TET 1 protein inhibition activity and their iron(II) binding ability. Bioorg Chem 2019; 88:102809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Frisch K, Stimson DHR, Venkatachalam T, Pierens GK, Keiding S, Reutens D, Bhalla R. N-(4-[ 18F]fluorobenzyl)cholylglycine, a novel tracer for PET of enterohepatic circulation of bile acids: Radiosynthesis and proof-of-concept studies in rats. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 61:56-62. [PMID: 29783201 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Enterohepatic circulation (EHC) of conjugated bile acids is an important physiological process crucial for regulation of intracellular concentrations of bile acids and their function as detergents and signal carriers. Only few bile acid-derived imaging agents have been synthesized and hitherto none have been evaluated for studies of EHC. We hypothesized that N-(4-[18F]fluorobenzyl)cholylglycine ([18F]FBCGly), a novel fluorine-18 labeled derivative of endogenous cholylglycine, would be a suitable tracer for PET of the EHC of conjugated bile acids, and we report here a radiosynthesis of [18F]FBCGly and a proof-of-concept study by PET/MR in rats. METHODS A radiosynthesis of [18F]FBCGly was developed based on reductive alkylation of glycine with 4-[18F]fluorobenzaldehyde followed by coupling to cholic acid. [18F]FBCGly was investigated in vivo by dynamic PET/MR in anesthetized rats; untreated or treated with cholyltaurine or rifampicin. Possible in vivo metabolites of [18F]FBCGly were investigated by analysis of blood and bile samples, and the stability of [18F]FBCGly towards enzymatic de-conjugation by Cholylglycine Hydrolase was tested in vitro. RESULTS [18F]FBCGly was produced with a radiochemical purity of 96% ± 1% and a non-decay corrected radiochemical yield of 1.0% ± 0.3% (mean ± SD; n = 12). PET/MR studies showed that i.v.-administrated [18F]FBCGly underwent EHC within 40-60 min with a rapid transhepatic transport from blood to bile. In untreated rats, the radioactivity concentration of [18F]FBCGly was approximately 15 times higher in bile than in liver tissue. Cholyltaurine and rifampicin inhibited the biliary secretion of [18F]FBCGly. No fluorine-18 metabolites of [18F]FBCGly were observed. CONCLUSION We have developed a radiosynthesis of a novel fluorine-18 labeled bile acid derivative, [18F]FBCGly, and shown by PET/MR that [18F]FBCGly undergoes continuous EHC in rats without metabolizing. This novel tracer may prove useful in PET studies on the effect of drugs or diseases on the EHC of conjugated bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Frisch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Damion H R Stimson
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Taracad Venkatachalam
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gregory K Pierens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Susanne Keiding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Reutens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rajiv Bhalla
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
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Keiding S, Sørensen M, Frisch K, Gormsen LC, Munk OL. Quantitative PET of liver functions. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 8:73-85. [PMID: 29755841 PMCID: PMC5944823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Improved understanding of liver physiology and pathophysiology is urgently needed to assist the choice of new and upcoming therapeutic modalities for patients with liver diseases. In this review, we focus on functional PET of the liver: 1) Dynamic PET with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-galactose (18F-FDGal) provides quantitative images of the hepatic metabolic clearance Kmet (mL blood/min/mL liver tissue) of regional and whole-liver hepatic metabolic function. Standard-uptake-value (SUV) from a static liver 18F-FDGal PET/CT scan can replace Kmet and is currently used clinically. 2) Dynamic liver PET/CT in humans with 11C-palmitate and with the conjugated bile acid tracer [N-methyl-11C]cholylsarcosine (11C-CSar) can distinguish between individual intrahepatic transport steps in hepatic lipid metabolism and in hepatic transport of bile acid from blood to bile, respectively, showing diagnostic potential for individual patients. 3) Standard compartment analysis of dynamic PET data can lead to physiological inconsistencies, such as a unidirectional hepatic clearance of tracer from blood (K1; mL blood/min/mL liver tissue) greater than the hepatic blood perfusion. We developed a new microvascular compartment model with more physiology, by including tracer uptake into the hepatocytes from the blood flowing through the sinusoids, backflux from hepatocytes into the sinusoidal blood, and re-uptake along the sinusoidal path. Dynamic PET data include information on liver physiology which cannot be extracted using a standard compartment model. In conclusion, SUV of non-invasive static PET with 18F-FDGal provides a clinically useful measurement of regional and whole-liver hepatic metabolic function. Secondly, assessment of individual intrahepatic transport steps is a notable feature of dynamic liver PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Keiding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University HospitalAarhus, Denmark
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University HospitalAarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Sørensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University HospitalAarhus, Denmark
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University HospitalAarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Frisch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University HospitalAarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars C Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University HospitalAarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Lajord Munk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University HospitalAarhus, Denmark
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Testa A, Dall'Angelo S, Mingarelli M, Augello A, Schweiger L, Welch A, Elmore CS, Sharma P, Zanda M. Design, synthesis, in vitro characterization and preliminary imaging studies on fluorinated bile acid derivatives as PET tracers to study hepatic transporters. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:963-976. [PMID: 28011201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of identifying a fluorinated bile acid derivative that could be used as [18F]-labeled Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracer for imaging the in vivo functioning of liver transporter proteins, and particularly of OATP1B1, three fluorinated bile acid triazole derivatives of cholic, deoxycholic and lithocholic acid (CATD, DCATD and LCATD 4a-c, respectively) were synthesized and labeled with tritium. In vitro transport properties were studied with cell-based assays to identify the best substrate for OATP1B1. In addition, the lead compound, LCATD (4c), was tested as a substrate of other liver uptake transporters OATP1B3, NTCP and efflux transporter BSEP to evaluate its specificity of liver transport. The results suggest that 4c is a good substrate of OATP1B1 and NTCP, whereas it is a poor substrate of OATP1B3. The efflux transporter BSEP also appears to be involved in the excretion of 4c from hepatocytes. The automated radiosynthesis of [18F]-4c was accomplished in a multi-GBq scale and a pilot imaging experiment in a wild type rat was performed after i.v. administration to assess the biodistribution and clearance of the tracer. PET imaging revealed that radioactivity was primarily located in the liver (tmax=75s) and cleared exclusively through the bile, thus allowing to image the hepatobiliary excretion of bile acids in the animal model. These findings suggest that [18F]-LCATD 4c is a promising PET probe for the evaluation of hepatic transporters OATP1B1, NTCP and BSEP activity with potential for studying drug-drug interactions and drug-induced toxicity involving these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Testa
- University of Aberdeen, Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics and John Mallard Scottish P.E.T. Centre, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- University of Aberdeen, Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics and John Mallard Scottish P.E.T. Centre, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Marco Mingarelli
- University of Aberdeen, Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics and John Mallard Scottish P.E.T. Centre, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Andrea Augello
- University of Aberdeen, Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics and John Mallard Scottish P.E.T. Centre, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Lutz Schweiger
- University of Aberdeen, Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics and John Mallard Scottish P.E.T. Centre, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Andy Welch
- University of Aberdeen, Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics and John Mallard Scottish P.E.T. Centre, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Isotope Chemistry, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 50 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Safety and ADME Modeling, DSM, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK.
| | - Matteo Zanda
- University of Aberdeen, Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics and John Mallard Scottish P.E.T. Centre, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; C.N.R. - I.C.R.M., via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy.
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Wu N, Kang CS, Sin I, Ren S, Liu D, Ruthengael VC, Lewis MR, Chong HS. Promising bifunctional chelators for copper 64-PET imaging: practical (64)Cu radiolabeling and high in vitro and in vivo complex stability. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:177-84. [PMID: 26666778 PMCID: PMC5116241 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) using copper-64 is a sensitive and non-invasive imaging technique for diagnosis and staging of cancer. A bifunctional chelator that can present rapid radiolabeling kinetics and high complex stability with (64)Cu is a critical component for targeted PET imaging. Bifunctional chelates 3p-C-NE3TA, 3p-C-NOTA, and 3p-C-DE4TA were evaluated for complexation kinetics and stability with (64)Cu in vitro and in vivo. Hexadentate 3p-C-NOTA and heptadentate 3p-C-NE3TA possess a smaller TACN-based macrocyclic backbone, while nonadentate 3p-C-DE4TA is constructed on a larger CYCLEN-based ring. The frequently explored chelates of (64)Cu, octadentate C-DOTA and hexadentate C-NOTA were also comparatively evaluated. Radiolabeling kinetics of bifunctional chelators with (64)Cu was assessed under mild conditions. All bifunctional chelates instantly bound to (64)Cu in excellent radiolabeling efficiency at room temperature. C-DOTA was less efficient in binding (64)Cu than all other chelates. All (64)Cu-radiolabeled bifunctional chelates remained stable in human serum without any loss of (64)Cu for 2 days. When challenged by an excess amount of EDTA, (64)Cu complexes of C-NOTA, 3p-C-NE3TA and 3p-C-NOTA were shown to be more stable than (64)Cu-C-DOTA and (64)Cu-3p-C-DE4TA. (64)Cu complexes of the new chelates 3p-C-NE3TA and 3p-C-NOTA displayed comparable in vitro and in vivo complex stability to (64)Cu-C-NOTA. In vivo biodistribution result indicates that the (64)Cu-radiolabeled complexes of 3p-C-NOTA and 3p-C-NE3TA possess excellent in vivo complex stability, while (64)Cu-3p-C-DE4TA was dissociated as evidenced by high renal and liver retention in mice. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the bifunctional chelates 3p-C-NE3TA and 3p-C-NOTA offer excellent chelation chemistry with (64)Cu for potential PET imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Chi Soo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Inseok Sin
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Siyuan Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Dijie Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Varyanna C Ruthengael
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michael R Lewis
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Hyun-Soon Chong
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA.
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Kang CS, Wu N, Chen Y, Sun X, Bandara N, Liu D, Lewis MR, Rogers BE, Chong HS. Transferrin conjugates of triazacyclononane-based bifunctional NE3TA chelates for PET imaging: Synthesis, Cu-64 radiolabeling, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 154:60-6. [PMID: 26583705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Three different polyaminocarboxylate-based bifunctional NE3TA (7-[2-[carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4-diacetic acid) chelating agents were synthesized for potential use in copper 64-PET imaging applications. The bifunctional chelates were comparatively evaluated using transferrin (Tf) as a model targeting vector that binds to the transferrin receptor overexpressed in many different cancer cells. The transferrin conjugates of the NE3TA-based bifunctional chelates were evaluated for radiolabeling with (64)Cu. In vitro stability and cellular uptake of (64)Cu-radiolabeled conjugates were evaluated in human serum and prostate (PC-3) cancer cells, respectively. Among the three NE3TA-Tf conjugates tested, N-NE3TA-Tf was identified as the best conjugate for radiolabeling with (64)Cu. N-NE3TA-Tf rapidly bound to (64)Cu (>98% radiolabeling efficiency, 1min, RT), and (64)Cu-N-NE3TA-Tf remained stable in human serum for 2days and demonstrated high uptake in PC-3 cancer cells. (64)Cu-N-NE3TA-Tf was shown to have rapid blood clearance and increasing tumor uptake in PC-3 tumor bearing mice over a 24h period. This bifunctional chelate presents highly efficient chelation chemistry with (64)Cu under mild condition that can be applied for radiolabeling of various tumor-specific biomolecules with (64)Cu for potential use in PET imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Soo Kang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ningjie Wu
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yunwei Chen
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiang Sun
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nilantha Bandara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Dijie Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Michael R Lewis
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, United States; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Buck E Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hyun-Soon Chong
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States.
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