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Yuhan L, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Gorji A. Impact of NQO1 dysregulation in CNS disorders. J Transl Med 2024; 22:4. [PMID: 38167027 PMCID: PMC10762857 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of neuronal function and synaptic plasticity, cellular adaptation to oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory and degenerative processes, and tumorigenesis in the central nervous system (CNS). Impairment of the NQO1 activity in the CNS can result in abnormal neurotransmitter release and clearance, increased oxidative stress, and aggravated cellular injury/death. Furthermore, it can cause disturbances in neural circuit function and synaptic neurotransmission. The abnormalities of NQO1 enzyme activity have been linked to the pathophysiological mechanisms of multiple neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, and brain malignancy. NQO1 contributes to various dimensions of tumorigenesis and treatment response in various brain tumors. The precise mechanisms through which abnormalities in NQO1 function contribute to these neurological disorders continue to be a subject of ongoing research. Building upon the existing knowledge, the present study reviews current investigations describing the role of NQO1 dysregulations in various neurological disorders. This study emphasizes the potential of NQO1 as a biomarker in diagnostic and prognostic approaches, as well as its suitability as a target for drug development strategies in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuhan
- Epilepsy Research Center, Münster University, Münster, Germany
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Münster University, Münster, Germany.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Münster University, Münster, Germany.
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Li W, Li Y, Gao Q, Liu J, Wen Q, Jia S, Tang F, Mo L, Zhang Y, Zhai M, Chen Y, Guo Y, Gong W. Change in knee cartilage components in stroke patients with genu recurvatum analysed by zero TE MR imaging. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3751. [PMID: 35260668 PMCID: PMC8904817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genu recurvatum in stroke patients with hemiplegia causes readily cumulative damage and degenerative changes in the knee cartilage. It is important to detect early cartilage lesions for appropriate treatment and rehabilitation. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to provide a theoretical basis for the early rehabilitation of hemiplegia patients. We used a zero TE double-echo imaging sequence to analyse the water content in knee joint cartilage at 12 different sites of 39 stroke patients with genu recurvatum and 9 healthy volunteers using a metric similar to the porosity index. When comparing the hemiplegic limb vs. the nonhemiplegic limb in patients, the ratios of the deep/shallow free water content of the femur cartilages at the anterior horn (1.16 vs. 1.06) and posterior horn (1.13 vs. 1.25) of the lateral meniscus were significantly different. Genu recurvatum in stroke patients with hemiplegia can cause changes in the moisture content of knee cartilage, and the changes in knee cartilage are more obvious as the genu recurvatum increases. The "healthy limb" can no longer be considered truly healthy and should be considered simultaneously with the affected limb in the development of a rehabilitation treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Li
- Beijing Rehabilitation Medicine Academy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Youwei Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Scientific Research Department, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Jingxin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Qiping Wen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Shiqi Jia
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Fen Tang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Linhong Mo
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Yuanfang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Mingchun Zhai
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Weijun Gong
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China.
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Fu WY, Hung KW, Lau SF, Butt B, Yuen VWH, Fu G, Chan IC, Ip FCF, Fu AKY, Ip NY. Rhynchophylline Administration Ameliorates Amyloid-β Pathology and Inflammation in an Alzheimer's Disease Transgenic Mouse Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4249-4256. [PMID: 34738783 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease, has limited treatment options. As such, extensive studies have been conducted to identify novel therapeutic approaches. We previously reported that rhynchophylline (Rhy), a small molecule EphA4 inhibitor, rescues impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive dysfunctions in APP/PS1 mice, an AD transgenic mouse model. To assess whether Rhy can be developed as an alternative treatment for AD, it is important to examine its pharmacokinetics and effects on other disease-associated pathologies. Here, we show that Rhy ameliorates amyloid plaque burden and reduces inflammation in APP/PS1 mice. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Rhy regulates various molecular pathways in APP/PS1 mouse brains associated with amyloid metabolism and inflammation, specifically the ubiquitin proteasome system, angiogenesis, and microglial functional states. These results show that Rhy, which is blood-brain barrier permeable, is beneficial to amyloid pathology and regulates multiple molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Yu Fu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong 999077China
| | - Kwok-Wang Hung
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shun-Fat Lau
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong 999077China
| | - Busma Butt
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Vincent Wai-Hin Yuen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Guangmiao Fu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ivy C. Chan
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Fanny C. F. Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong 999077China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen−Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Amy K. Y. Fu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong 999077China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen−Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Nancy Y. Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong 999077China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen−Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
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Cai L, Ge B, Xu S, Chen X, Yang H. Up-regulation of circARF3 reduces blood-brain barrier damage in rat subarachnoid hemorrhage model via miR-31-5p/MyD88/NF-κB axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:21345-21363. [PMID: 34511434 PMCID: PMC8457610 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation events have been found to aggravate brain injury and blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study probed the role and mechanism of a novel circRNA, circARF3, in regulating the BBB injury in SAH rats and hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial cell (VEC) injury in vitro. Levels of circARF3 and miR-31-5p were monitored by RT-PCR. The expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α was verified by ELISA. In vivo SAH model was constructed in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The BBB integrity and cerebral edema, as well as the neurological functions of the rats were evaluated. The apoptotic neurons and microglia in brain lesions were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The MyD88/NF-κB pathway was tested by Western blot. Furthermore, gain-of functional assay were constructed to explore the effects of circARF3 and miR-31-5p in primary cultured brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC) injury and microglial inflammation induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). circARF3 was significantly down-regulated in plasma and CSF in SAH patients with higher Fisher stages. In the SAH rat model, overexpressing circARF3 improved BBB integrity and neurological score, decreased neuronal apoptosis and microglial activation in ipsilateral basal cortex, with declined miR-31-5p expression and MyD88-NF-κB activation. In vitro, overexpressing circARF3 attenuated OGD-mediated integrity destruction of BMECs and microglial induced neuroinflammation, while overexpressing miR-31-5p had opposite effects. Mechanistically, circARF3 sponged miR-31-5p as an endogenous competitive RNA and dampens its expression, thus inactivating MyD88-NF-κB pathway. CircARF3 attenuates BBB destruction in SAH rats by regulating the miR-31-5p-activated MyD88-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning 530221, Guangxi, China
| | - Beihai Ge
- Department of Neurology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Brain Hospital, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengbo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning 530221, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiangwen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning 530221, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning 530221, Guangxi, China
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Geetha RG, Ramachandran S. Recent Advances in the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Plant-Derived Alkaloid Rhynchophylline in Neurological and Cardiovascular Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081170. [PMID: 34452133 PMCID: PMC8400357 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhynchophylline (Rhy) is a plant-derived indole alkaloid isolated from Uncaria species. Both the plant and the alkaloid possess numerous protective properties such as anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-hypertensive, anti-rhythmic, and sedative effects. Several studies support the significance of the anti-inflammatory activity of the plant as an underlying mechanism for most of the pharmacological activities of the alkaloid. Rhy is effective in protecting both the central nervous system and cardiovascular system. Cerebro-cardiovascular disease primarily occurs due to changes in lifestyle habits. Many previous studies have highlighted the significance of Rhy in modulating calcium channels and potassium channels, thereby protecting the brain from neurodegenerative diseases and related effects. Rhy also has anticoagulation and anti-platelet aggregation activity. Although Rhy has displayed its role in protecting the cardiovascular system, very little is explored about its intervention in early atherosclerosis. Extensive studies are required to understand the cardioprotective effects of Rhye. This review summarized and discussed the various pharmacological effects of Rhy in neuro- and cardioprotection and in particular the relevance of Rhy in preventing early atherosclerosis using Rhy-loaded nanoparticles.
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Ballester Roig MN, Leduc T, Areal CC, Mongrain V. Cellular Effects of Rhynchophylline and Relevance to Sleep Regulation. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:312-41. [PMID: 34207633 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla is a plant highly used in the traditional Chinese and Japanese medicines. It has numerous health benefits, which are often attributed to its alkaloid components. Recent studies in humans show that drugs containing Uncaria ameliorate sleep quality and increase sleep time, both in physiological and pathological conditions. Rhynchophylline (Rhy) is one of the principal alkaloids in Uncaria species. Although treatment with Rhy alone has not been tested in humans, observations in rodents show that Rhy increases sleep time. However, the mechanisms by which Rhy could modulate sleep have not been comprehensively described. In this review, we are highlighting cellular pathways that are shown to be targeted by Rhy and which are also known for their implications in the regulation of wakefulness and sleep. We conclude that Rhy can impact sleep through mechanisms involving ion channels, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, tyrosine kinase receptors, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. In modulating multiple cellular responses, Rhy impacts neuronal communication in a way that could have substantial effects on sleep phenotypes. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of action of Rhy will have implications for sleep pharmacology.
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Li H, Bi Q, Cui H, Lv C, Wang M. Suppression of autophagy through JAK2/STAT3 contributes to the therapeutic action of rhynchophylline on asthma. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:21. [PMID: 33413331 PMCID: PMC7792286 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03187-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway remodeling and inflammation. Rhynchophylline is a kind of indole alkaloid isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla. Here we investigated the effect of rhynchophylline on autophagy in asthma. Methods A mice model of asthma was established by ovalbumin challenge. Histopathological changes were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, periodic acid-schiff staining and Masson staining. The levels of IgE in serum, interleukin-6 and interleukin-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in lung tissues were detected. The expression of autophagy-related genes and Janus kinase (JAK) 2/ signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 signal was detected by western blot and immunofluorescence. Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) were isolated, and the effect rhynchophylline on autophagy in ASMCs was explored. Results Our data showed that rhynchophylline treatment alleviated inflammation, airway remodeling, and oxidative stress in asthma. In addition, autophagy, which was implicated in asthma, was suppressed by rhynchophylline with decreased level of autophagy-related proteins. Furthermore, rhynchophylline suppressed the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, which was activated in asthma. In vitro study showed that rhynchophylline suppressed ASMC autophagy through suppressing the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signal. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that rhynchophylline can alleviate asthma through suppressing autophagy in asthma, and that JAK2/STAT3 signal was involved in this effect of rhynchophylline. This study indicates that rhynchophylline may become a promising drug for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Medical Affairs, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiankang Road, Jining, Shandong, 272011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Bi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Cui
- Department of Oncology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272011, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanfeng Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272011, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiankang Road, Jining, Shandong, 272011, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, People's Republic of China.
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Yang W, Ip SP, Liu L, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Uncaria rhynchophylla and its Major Constituents on Central Nervous System: A Review on Their Pharmacological Actions. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18:346-357. [PMID: 31272356 DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666190704092841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Jacks (Rubinaceae), a common herbal medicine known as Gou-teng in Chinese, is commonly used in Chinese medicine practice for the treatment of convulsions, hypertension, epilepsy, eclampsia and other cerebral diseases. The major active components of U. rhynchophylla are alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids. The protective effects of U. rhynchophylla and its major components on central nervous system (CNS) have become a focus of research in recent decades. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to systematically summarize the pharmacological activities of U. rhynchophylla and its major components on the CNS. METHODS This review summarized the experimental findings from our laboratories, together with other literature data obtained through a comprehensive search of databases including the Pubmed and the Web of Science. RESULTS U. rhynchophylla and its major components such as rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline have been shown to have neuroprotective effects on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, cerebral ischaemia through a number of mechanisms including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory actions and regulation on neurotransmitters. CONCLUSION U. rhynchophylla and its major components have multiple beneficial pharmacological effects on CNS. Further studies on U. rhynchophylla and its major components are warranted to fully illustrate the underlying molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological profiles of these naturally occurring compounds and their potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Po Ip
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Basic Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Jiang WC, Chen CM, Hamdin CD, Orekhov AN, Sobenin IA, Layne MD, Yet SF. Therapeutic Potential of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Aneurysmal Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1150. [PMID: 33228202 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and intracranial aneurysm (IA) are serious arterial diseases in the aorta and brain, respectively. AAA and IA are associated with old age in males and females, respectively, and if rupture occurs, they carry high morbidity and mortality. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to IA rupture has a high rate of complication and fatality. Despite these severe clinical outcomes, preventing or treating these devastating diseases remains an unmet medical need. Inflammation and oxidative stress are shared pathologies of these vascular diseases. Therefore, therapeutic strategies have focused on reducing inflammation and reactive oxygen species levels. Interestingly, in response to cellular stress, the inducible heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is highly upregulated and protects against tissue injury. HO-1 degrades the prooxidant heme and generates molecules with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, resulting in decreased oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, increasing HO-1 activity is an attractive option for therapy. Several HO-1 inducers have been identified and tested in animal models for preventing or alleviating AAA, IA, and SAH. However, clinical trials have shown conflicting results. Further research and the development of highly selective HO-1 regulators may be needed to prevent the initiation and progression of AAA, IA, or SAH.
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Qin N, Lu X, Liu Y, Qiao Y, Qu W, Feng F, Sun H. Recent research progress of Uncaria spp. based on alkaloids: phytochemistry, pharmacology and structural chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112960. [PMID: 33148492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are well-known in affording clinically useful agents, with rich medicinal values by combining with disease targets through various mechanisms. Plant secondary metabolites as lead compounds lay the foundation for the discovery and development of new drugs in disease treatment. Genus Uncaria from Rubiaceae family is a significant plant source of active alkaloids, with anti-hypertensive, sedative, anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-drug addiction and anti-inflammatory effects. This review summarizes and discuss the research progress of Uncaria based on alkaloids in the past 15 years, mainly in the past 5 years, including biosynthesis, phytochemistry, pharmacology and structural chemistry. Among, focusing on representative compounds rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline, the pharmacological activities surrounding the central nervous system and cardiovascular system are described in detail. On the basis of case studies, this article provides a brief overview of the synthesis and analogues of representative compounds types. In summary, this review provides an early basis for further searching for new targets and activities, discussing the mechanisms of pharmacological activity and studying the structure-activity relationships of active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Qin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, 223003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, 223003, People's Republic of China.
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Bian HT, Wang GH, Huang JJ, Liang L, Xiao L, Wang HL. Scutellarin protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioral deficits by inhibiting neuroinflammation and microglia activation in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106943. [PMID: 33182053 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a complex and heterogeneous mental disorder. Yet, the mechanisms behind depression remain elusive. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory reaction and microglia activation are involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Scutellarin has been found to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in various diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-depressant effects and potential mechanism of scutellarin in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression animal model. The behavioral tests showed that scutellarin administration ameliorated LPS-induced depressive-like behaviors. Additionally, the scutellarin treatment inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Western blot analysis results showed that scutellarin pretreatment suppressed LPS-induced the protein levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β. Furthermore, immunostaining results showed that scutellarin pretreatment inhibited LPS-induced microglia activation in the hippocampus of rats. These findings suggest that scutellarin effectively improves LPS-induced inflammation-related depressive-like behaviors by inhibiting LPS-induced neuroinflammation and microglia activation, possibly via regulation of the ROS/NLRP3 signaling pathway and microglia activation. Thus, scutellarin may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Tao Bian
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Gao-Hua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Jun-Jie Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hui-Ling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
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Li X, Liu W, Li R, Guo S, Fan H, Wei B, Zhang X, He X, Duan C. TSG-6 Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Early Brain Injury in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Partly by the HO-1 and Nox2 Pathways. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:104986. [PMID: 32992175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early brain injury (EBI) refers to acute brain injury during the first 72 h after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which is one of the major causes of poor prognosis after SAH. Here, we investigated the effect and the related mechanism of TSG-6 on EBI after SAH. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Sprague-Dawley rat model of SAH was developed by the endovascular perforation method. TSG-6 (5μg) was administered by an intraventricular injection within 1.5 h after SAH. The effects of TSG-6 on EBI were assessed by neurological score, brain water content (BWC) and TUNEL staining. Immunofluorescence staining was used to assay NF-κB/p-NF-κB expression in microglia. Protein expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved-caspase-3 were measured to investigate the potential mechanism. The enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed using commercially available kits. RESULTS The results showed that TSG-6 treatment alleviated the neurobehavioral dysfunction and reduced BWC and the number of TUNEL-positive neurons in EBI after SAH. TSG-6 decreased the ROS level and enhanced the enzyme activity of SOD and GSH-Px after SAH. Furthermore TSG-6 inhibited the NF-κB activation, increased the protein expression levels of HO-1 and Bcl-2 and decreased the expression levels of Nox2, Bax, and cleaved-caspase-3. The administration of TSG-6 siRNA abolished the protective effects of TSG-6 on EBI after SAH. CONCLUSION We found that TSG-6 attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis in EBI after SAH partly by inhibiting NF-κB and activating HO-1 pathway in brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253# Industry Road, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253# Industry Road, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253# Industry Road, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Shenquan Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253# Industry Road, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253# Industry Road, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Boyang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253# Industry Road, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253# Industry Road, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Xuying He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253# Industry Road, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Chuanzhi Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253# Industry Road, Guangdong 510282, China.
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Bian H, Wang G, Huang J, Liang L, Zheng Y, Wei Y, Wang H, Xiao L, Wang H. Dihydrolipoic acid protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioral deficits and neuroinflammation via regulation of Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 signaling in rat. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:166. [PMID: 32450903 PMCID: PMC7249417 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, depression has been identified as a prevalent and severe mental disorder. However, the mechanisms underlying the depression risk remain elusive. The neuroinflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation are known to be involved in the pathology of depression. Dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) has been reported as a strong antioxidant and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in various diseases, albeit the direct relevance between DHLA and depression is yet unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the preventive effect and potential mechanism of DHLA in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sickness behavior in rats. Methods Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were utilized. LPS and DHLA were injected intraperitoneally every 2 days and daily, respectively. Fluoxetine (Flu) was injected intraperitoneally daily. PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK, was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before DHLA injection daily. Small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) for nuclear factor erythroid 2-like (Nrf2) was injected into the bilateral hippocampus 14 days before the DHLA injection. Depression-like behavior tests were performed. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining detected the ERK/Nrf2/HO-1/ROS/NLRP3 pathway-related proteins. Results The DHLA and fluoxetine treatment exerted preventive effects in LPS-induced sickness behavior rats. The DHLA treatment increased the expression of ERK, Nrf2, and HO-1 but decreased the ROS generation levels and reduced the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β in LPS-induced sickness behavior rats. PD98059 abolished the effects of DHLA on preventive effect as well as the levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins. Similarly, Nrf2 siRNA reversed the preventive effect of DHLA administration via the decreased expression of HO-1. Conclusions These findings suggested that DHLA exerted a preventive effect via ERK/Nrf2/HO-1/ROS/NLRP3 pathway in LPS-induced sickness behavior rats. Thus, DHLA may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetao Bian
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Junjie Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yage Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
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Li S, Liu X, Chen X, Bi L. Research Progress on Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Mechanisms of Alkaloids from Chinese Medical Herbs. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2020; 2020:1303524. [PMID: 32256634 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1303524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As the spectrum of diseases keeps changing and life pace keeps going faster, the probability and frequency of diseases caused by human inflammatory reactions also keep increasing. How to develop effective anti-inflammatory drugs has become the hotspot of researches. It has been found that alkaloids from Chinese medical herbs have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antitumor, anticonvulsant, diuretic, and antiarrhythmic effects, among which the anti-inflammatory effect is very prominent and commonly used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and other rheumatic immune diseases, but its mechanism of action has not been well explained. Based on this, this paper will classify alkaloids according to structural types and review the plant sources, applicable diseases, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of 16 kinds of alkaloids commonly used in clinical treatment, such as berberine, tetrandrine, and stephanine, with the aim of providing a reference for drug researches and clinical applications.
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Xiong L, Sun L, Zhang Y, Peng J, Yan J, Liu X. Exosomes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Alleviate Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Through miRNA129-5p-HMGB1 Pathway. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:212-221. [PMID: 31801411 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xiong
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhao Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Sun J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Lu J, Hu Q, Liu R, Zhou C, Chen C. Salvinorin A attenuates early brain injury through PI3K/Akt pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rat. Brain Res 2019; 1719:64-70. [PMID: 31125530 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Early brain injury (EBI) refers to the direct injury to the brain during the first 72 h after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which is one of the major causes for the poor clinical outcome after SAH. In this study, we investigated the effect and the related mechanism of Salvinorin A (SA), a selective kappa opioid receptor agonist, on EBI after SAH. SA was administered by intraperitoneal injection at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after SAH. The volume of lateral ventricle was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The neuronal morphological changes and the apoptotic level in CA1 area of hippocampus were observed by Nissl and TUNEL staining respectively. Protein expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-IKKα/β, p-NF-κB, FoxO1, Bim, Bax and Cleaved-caspase-3 was measured to explore the potential mechanism. We found that SA alleviated the neuronal morphological changes and apoptosis in CA1 area of hippocampus. The mechanism might be related to the increased protein expression of p-PI3K/p-Akt, which accompanied by decreased expression of p-IKKα/β, p-NF-κB, FoxO1, Bim, Bax and Cleaved-caspase-3 in the hippocampus. Thus, therapeutic interventions of SA targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway might be a novel approach to ameliorate EBI via reducing the apoptosis and inflammation after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianfei Lu
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Renyu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Changman Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chunhua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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Sun J, Zhang Y, Lu J, Zhang W, Yan J, Yang L, Zhou C, Liu R, Chen C. Salvinorin A ameliorates cerebral vasospasm through activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Microcirculation 2019; 25:e12442. [PMID: 29377443 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to demonstrate the potential of salvinorin A (SA) for cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and investigate mechanisms of therapeutic effect using rat SAH model. METHODS Salvinorin A was injected intraperitoneally, and the neurobehavioral changes were observed at 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after SAH. Basilar artery was observed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The inner diameter and thickness of basilar artery were measured. The morphological changes and the apoptosis in CA1 area of hippocampus were detected. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were detected by ELISA kit. The protein expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) was determined by Western blot for potential mechanism exploration. RESULTS Salvinorin A administration could relieve neurological deficits, decrease the neuronal apoptosis, and alleviate the morphological changes in CA1 area of hippocampus. SA alleviated CVS by increasing diameter and decreasing thickness of basilar artery, and such changes were accompanied by the decreased concentration of ET-1 and increased level of NO. Meanwhile, SA increased the expression of eNOS and decreased the expression of AQP-4 protein in the basilar artery and hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Salvinorin A attenuated CVS and alleviated brain injury after SAH via increasing expression of eNOS and NO content, and decreasing ET-1 concentration and AQP-4 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfei Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junhao Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Changman Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Renyu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chunhua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Xie YK, Zhou X, Yuan HT, Qiu J, Xin DQ, Chu XL, Wang DC, Wang Z. Resveratrol reduces brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage by inhibiting oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1734-1742. [PMID: 31169191 PMCID: PMC6585540 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.257529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that resveratrol, a bioactive substance found in many plants, can reduce early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage, but how it acts is still unclear. This study explored the mechanism using the experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage rat model established by injecting autologous blood into the cerebellomedullary cistern. Rat models were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg resveratrol 2, 6, 24 and 46 hours after injury. At 48 hours after injury, their neurological function was assessed using a modified Garcia score. Brain edema was measured by the wet-dry method. Neuronal apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex was detected by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotin-16-dUTP nick-end labeling assay. Levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde in the prefrontal cortex were determined by colorimetry. CHOP, glucose-regulated protein 78, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression levels in the prefrontal cortex were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha content in the prefrontal cortex was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the number of positive cells of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase 1, glucose-regulated protein 78, CHOP and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Western blot assay was utilized to analyze the expression levels of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase 1, glucose-regulated protein 78 and CHOP protein expression levels in the prefrontal cortex. The results showed that resveratrol treatment markedly alleviated neurological deficits and brain edema in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage rats, and reduced neuronal apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex. Resveratrol reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and increased the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1 mRNA and protein in the prefrontal cortex. Resveratrol decreased glucose-regulated protein 78, CHOP mRNA and protein expression and tumor necrosis factor-alpha level. It also activated astrocytes. The results suggest that resveratrol exerted neuroprotective effect on subarachnoid hemorrhage by reducing oxidative damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress and neuroinflammation. The study was approved by the Animals Ethics Committee of Shandong University, China on February 22, 2016 (approval No. LL-201602022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Kai Xie
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University; Department of Spinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong-Tao Yuan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dan-Qing Xin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xi-Li Chu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Da-Chuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Jiang P, Chen L, Sun J, Li J, Xu J, Liu W, Feng F, Qu W. Chotosan ameliorates cognitive impairment and hippocampus neuronal loss in experimental vascular dementia via activating the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathway. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 139:105-111. [PMID: 30642751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that Chotosan has ameliorative effects on vascular dementia through antioxidative pathways. Nevertheless, no systematic pharmacological research was conducted to evaluate the contribution of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a crucial regulator of antioxidative system, on Chotosan-induced neuroprotection invascular dementia. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Chotosan on vascular dementia and reveal the possible molecular mechanism involving Nrf2. We found that Chotosan treatment could ameliorate memory impairment and reduce neuron cell loss induced by common carotid artery occlusion surgery. Furthermore, Chotosan could significantly reverse reactive oxygen species production, neuronal apoptosis and microglia over-activation in hippocampus. In addition, Chotosan enhanced Nrf2 expression and its nuclear translocation as well as its downstream antioxidant protein expression, NAD(P)H/quinone oxidoreductase 1 and heme oxygenase-1. These findings suggest that Chotosan exert neuroprotection in an animal model of vascular dementia via activating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathway. Chotosan may serve as a potential candidate and promising Nrf2 activator for treating vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian 223003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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Xiong L, Sun L, Liu S, Zhu X, Teng Z, Yan J. The Protective Roles of Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor in Brain Injury Following Fat Embolism Syndrome in a Rat Model. Cell Transplant 2018; 28:704-712. [PMID: 30449147 PMCID: PMC6686433 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718814766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a common complication following long bone fracture; fat droplets are released into the blood circulation and form embolisms, mainly in lung and brain. However, the potential mechanisms involved remain to be clarified. In this study, the mechanism of brain injury following FES and the protective effects of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI)—a serine protease inhibitor—were investigated. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into sham, FES and FES+UTI treatment groups. The FES model was established using tail vein injection of glycerol trioleate, and UTI was administered by intraperitoneal injection immediately following FES. Brain/lung water content evaluation, Evans blue content and magnetic resonance imaging examination were used to assess the effects of UTI. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry and western blot were also applied to explore the protective mechanism of UTI following FES. The results of oil red O staining indicated that the FES model was successfully established. UTI could significantly attenuate blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption, as seen through brain edema evaluation and Evans blue content examination. Immunofluorescence staining results indicated that the TLR4-JNK pathway was involved in brain injury after FES; this effect could be quenched by UTI treatment. Furthermore, UTI could decrease the levels of downstream target proteins of the TLR4-JNK pathway, phosphorylated-NF- κB (p65) and p53 in brain. Our results showed that UTI could alleviate BBB injury after FES through blocking activity of the TLR4-JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xiong
- 1 West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,3 Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,3 Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyun Zhu
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,3 Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Teng
- 3 Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Junhao Yan
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,3 Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technology, Beijing, China
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Fan LF, He PY, Peng YC, Du QH, Ma YJ, Jin JX, Xu HZ, Li JR, Wang ZJ, Cao SL, Li T, Yan F, Gu C, Wang L, Chen G. Mdivi-1 ameliorates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage via the suppression of inflammation-related blood-brain barrier disruption and endoplasmic reticulum stress-based apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:336-349. [PMID: 28790012 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant modulation of mitochondrial dynamic network, which shifts the balance of fusion and fission towards fission, is involved in brain damage of various neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease. A recent research has shown that the inhibition of mitochondrial fission alleviates early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained to be elucidated. This study was undertaken to characterize the effects of the inhibition of dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1, a dominator of mitochondrial fission) on blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and neuronal apoptosis following SAH and the potential mechanisms. The endovascular perforation model of SAH was performed in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. The results indicated Mdivi-1(a selective Drp1 inhibitor) reversed the morphologic changes of mitochondria and Drp1 translocation, reduced ROS levels, ameliorated the BBB disruption and brain edema remarkably, decreased the expression of MMP-9 and prevented degradation of tight junction proteins-occludin, claudin-5 and ZO-1. Mdivi-1 administration also inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), leading to decreased expressions of TNF-ɑ, IL-6 and IL-1ß. Moreover, Mdivi-1 treatment attenuated neuronal cell death and improved neurological outcome. To investigate the underlying mechanisms further, we determined that Mdivi-1 reduced p-PERK, p-eIF2α, CHOP, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax expression as well as increased Bcl-2 expression. Rotenone (a selective inhibitor of mitochondrial complexes I) abolished both the anti-BBB disruption and anti-apoptosis effects of Mdivi-1. In conclusion, these data implied that excessive mitochondrial fission might inhibit mitochondrial complex I to become a cause of oxidative stress in SAH, and the inhibition of Drp1 by Mdivi-1 attenuated early brain injury after SAH probably via the suppression of inflammation-related blood-brain barrier disruption and endoplasmic reticulum stress-based apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Feng Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping-You He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Cong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Hua Du
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yi-Jun Ma
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | | | - Hang-Zhe Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ru Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Long Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chi Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China.
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Hu Q, Li T, Wang L, Xie Y, Liu S, Bai X, Zhang T, Bo S, Xin D, Xue H, Li G, Wang Z. Neuroprotective Effects of a Smoothened Receptor Agonist against Early Brain Injury after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 10:306. [PMID: 28149272 PMCID: PMC5241312 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in the central nervous system (CNS) development, but its effects on neural cell survival and brain repair after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not been well-investigated. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of an agonist of the Shh co-receptor Smoothened (Smo), purmorphamine (PUR), on early brain injury (EBI) as well as the underlying mechanisms after SAH. PUR was administered via an intraperitoneal injection with a dose of 0.5, 1, and 5 mg/kg at 2, 6, 24, and 46 h after SAH in rat model. The results showed that PUR treatment significantly ameliorated brain edema, improved neurobehavioral function, and attenuated neuronal cell death in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), associated with a decrease in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and suppression of caspase-3 activation at 48 h after SAH. PUR also promoted phospho-ERK levels. Additionally, PUR treatment markedly decreased MDA concentration accompanied with the elevation in the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 in PFC. Notably, PUR treatment significantly reversed the changes of Shh pathway mediators containing Patched, Gli1, and Shh by SAH insult, and the neuroprotection of PUR on SAH was blocked by Smo antagonist cyclopamine. These results indicated that PUR exerts neuroprotection against SAH-evoked injury in rats, mediated in part by anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant mechanism, up-regulating phospho-ERK levels, mediating Shh signaling molecules in the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Taian Central HospitalTaian, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
| | - Yunkai Xie
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
| | - Shishi Bo
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
| | - Danqing Xin
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
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