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Zhang Y, Zheng F, Wang F, Liu X, Xiang C, Fu S, Shen K, Liu G. The Expression of Two Distinct Sets of Glycolytic Enzymes Reveals Differential Effects of Glycolytic Reprogramming on Pancreatic Ductal Tumorigenesis in Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2962. [PMID: 38001963 PMCID: PMC10669313 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with enhanced aerobic glycolysis through elevated glucose uptake and the upregulated expression of genes encoding rate-limiting glycolytic enzymes. However, the direct impact of altered glycolytic pathways on pancreatic tumor progression has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we utilized two strains of BAC transgenic mice with pancreatic expression of two distinct sets of glycolytic genes each arranged in a polycistronic fashion (PFKFB3-HK2-GLUT1 and LDHA-PDK1, respectively) to investigate the role of altered glycolysis on the development of pancreatic ductal tumor development in the Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D mice. The overexpression of the two sets of glycolytic genes exhibited no significant effects on tumor development in the 4-5-month-old mice (the PanIN2 lesions stage). In the 9-10-month-old mice, the overexpression of PFKFB3-HK2-GLUT1 significantly accelerated PanIN3 progression, exhibiting elevated levels of ductal cell marker CK19 and tumor fibrosis. Surprisingly, the overexpression of LDHA-PDK1 significantly attenuated the progression of PanIN3 in the 9-10-month-old mice with significantly downregulated levels of CK19 and fibrosis. Therefore, distinct set of glycolytic enzymes that are involved in different glycolytic routes exhibited contrasting effects on pancreatic ductal tumor development depending on the tumor stages, providing novel insights into the complexity of the glycolytic pathway in the perspective of PDAC development and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Geng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech District, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (F.W.); (X.L.); (C.X.); (S.F.); (K.S.)
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Nimmakayala RK, Rauth S, Chirravuri Venkata R, Marimuthu S, Nallasamy P, Vengoji R, Lele SM, Rachagani S, Mallya K, Malafa MP, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK. PGC1α-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming Drives the Stemness of Pancreatic Precursor Lesions. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5415-5429. [PMID: 34172498 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-5020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic reprogramming and cancer stem cells drive the aggressiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the metabolic and stemness programs of pancreatic precursor lesions (PPL), considered early PDAC development events, have not been thoroughly explored. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Meta-analyses using gene expression profile data from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus and IHC on tissue microarrays (TMA) were performed. The following animal and cellular models were used: cerulean-induced KrasG12D; Pdx1 Cre (KC) acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) mice, KrasG12D; Smad4Loss; Pdx-1 Cre (KCSmad4-) intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) mice, LGKC1 cell line derived from the doxycycline-inducible Gnas IPMN model, and human IPMN organoids. Flow cytometry, Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer, qRT-PCR, and sphere assay were used to analyze metabolic and stemness features. SR18292 was used to inhibit PGC1α, and short hairpin RNA was used to knockdown (KD) PGC1α. RESULTS The meta-analysis revealed a significant upregulation of specific stemness genes in ADM-mediated pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanIN) and IPMN. Meta- and TMA analyses followed by in vitro and in vivo validation revealed that ADM/PanIN exhibit increased PGC1α and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPhos) but reduced CPT1A. IPMN showed elevated PGC1α, fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) gene expression, and FAO-OXPhos. PGC1α was co-overexpressed with its coactivator NRF1 in ADM/PanINs and with PPARγ in IPMN. PGC1α KD or SR18292 inhibited the specific metabolic and stemness features of PPLs and repressed IPMN organoid growth. CONCLUSIONS ADM/PanINs and IPMNs show specific stemness signatures with unique metabolisms. Inhibition of PGC1α using SR18292 diminishes the specific stemness by targeting FAO-independent and FAO-dependent OXPhos of ADM/PanINs and IPMNs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sanchita Rauth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ramakanth Chirravuri Venkata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Saravanakumar Marimuthu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Palanisamy Nallasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Subodh M Lele
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kavita Mallya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Mokenge P Malafa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska. .,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska. .,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Hibino S, Kawazoe T, Kasahara H, Itoh S, Ishimoto T, Sakata-Yanagimoto M, Taniguchi K. Inflammation-Induced Tumorigenesis and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115421. [PMID: 34063828 PMCID: PMC8196678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, especially chronic inflammation, plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and metastasis through various mechanisms and is now recognized as a hallmark of cancer and an attractive therapeutic target in cancer. In this review, we discuss recent advances in molecular mechanisms of how inflammation promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis and suppresses anti-tumor immunity in various types of solid tumors, including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancer as well as hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Hibino
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Inflammology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan;
| | - Tetsuro Kawazoe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Hidenori Kasahara
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shinji Itoh
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan;
| | | | - Koji Taniguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-706-5050
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Mallya K, Gautam SK, Aithal A, Batra SK, Jain M. Modeling pancreatic cancer in mice for experimental therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188554. [PMID: 33945847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that is characterized by early metastasis, low resectability, high recurrence, and therapy resistance. The experimental mouse models have played a central role in understanding the pathobiology of PDAC and in the preclinical evaluation of various therapeutic modalities. Different mouse models with targetable pathological hallmarks have been developed and employed to address the unique challenges associated with PDAC progression, metastasis, and stromal heterogeneity. Over the years, mouse models have evolved from simple cell line-based heterotopic and orthotopic xenografts in immunocompromised mice to more complex and realistic genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) involving multi-gene manipulations. The GEMMs, mostly driven by KRAS mutation(s), have been widely accepted for therapeutic optimization due to their high penetrance and ability to recapitulate the histological, molecular, and pathological hallmarks of human PDAC, including comparable precursor lesions, extensive metastasis, desmoplasia, perineural invasion, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Advanced GEMMs modified to express fluorescent proteins have allowed cell lineage tracing to provide novel insights and a new understanding about the origin and contribution of various cell types in PDAC pathobiology. The syngeneic mouse models, GEMMs, and target-specific transgenic mice have been extensively used to evaluate immunotherapies and study therapy-induced immune modulation in PDAC yielding meaningful results to guide various clinical trials. The emerging mouse models for parabiosis, hepatic metastasis, cachexia, and image-guided implantation, are increasingly appreciated for their high translational significance. In this article, we describe the contribution of various experimental mouse models to the current understanding of PDAC pathobiology and their utility in evaluating and optimizing therapeutic modalities for this lethal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Mallya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Abhijit Aithal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Qian W, Chen K, Qin T, Xiao Y, Li J, Yue Y, Zhou C, Ma J, Duan W, Lei J, Han L, Li L, Shen X, Wu Z, Ma Q, Wang Z. The EGFR-HSF1 axis accelerates the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:25. [PMID: 33422093 PMCID: PMC7797143 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most malignant diseases because of its non-symptomatic tumorigenesis. We previous found heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) was critical for PDAC progression and the aim of this study was to clarified the mechanisms on early activation of HSF1 and its role in the pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis. Methods The expression and location of HSF1 on human or mice pancreatic tissues were examined by immunohistochemically staining. We mainly used pancreatic acinar cell 3-dimensional (3D) culture and a spontaneous pancreatic precancerous lesion mouse model called LSL-KrasG12D/+; Pdx1-Cre (KC) (and pancreatitis models derived from KC mice) to explore the pro-tumorigenesis mechanisms of the HSF1 in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics and molecular experiments were used to explore the underlying mechanisms between HSF1 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Results In this study, we found that pharmacological inhibition of HSF1 slowed pancreatic cancer initiation and suppressed the pancreatitis-induced formation of pancreatic precancerous lesion. Next, bioinformatics analysis revealed the closely linked between HSF1 and EGFR pathway and we also confirmed their parallel activation in pancreatic precancerous lesions. Besides, the pharmacological inhibition of EGFR suppressed the initiation of pancreatic cancer and the activation of HSF1 in vivo. Indeed, we demonstrated that the EGFR activation that mediated pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis was partly HSF1-dependent in vitro. Conclusion Hence, we concluded that the EGFR-HSF1 axis promoted the initiation of pancreatic cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-020-01823-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yangyang Yue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Cancan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiguang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wanxing Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jianjun Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Shi X, Sheng W, Jia C, Tang J, Dong M. Hsa-MiR-590-3p Promotes the Malignancy Progression of Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma by Inhibiting the Expression of p27 and PPP2R2A via G1/S Cell Cycle Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11045-11058. [PMID: 33149617 PMCID: PMC7605676 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s260499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of miR-590-3p on the malignant biological behavior of pancreatic cancer, and to explore the target genes and pathways directly affected by miR-590-3p, to provide new therapeutic ideas and targets for the study of the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Methods We used qRT-PCR to measure miR-590-3p expression quantities. We used cell cycle, CCK-8, clonal formation to verify the change of proliferation capacity of PC cells. We used transwell assay to detect the migration and invasion of PC cells. We used the bioinformatics tool TargetScan (http://www.targetscan.org) to identify the possible target genes of miR-590-3p. Immunohistochemistry revealed the clinicopathological significance of PPP2R2A, p27 and miR-590-3p in the expression of pancreatic cancer. Western blot was used to detect the expression changes of PPP2R2A, p27 and G1/S cell cycle pathway-related proteins CDK2, cyclinE2 and p21 after transfection of mimics and inhibitors of miR-590-3p. Results According to our study, hsa-miR-590-3p expression was significantly higher in PC tissues than that in paired normal pancreas, which was associated with PC tumor size (P=0.042) and preoperative CA19-9 level (P=0.046) of PC patients. Its overexpression promoted PC cell proliferation, invasion and migration following with the p27 and PPP2R2A protein downregulation in Capan-2, PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells, and vice versa. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay further confirmed that p27 and PPP2R2A were direct target genes of miR-590-3p. The negative relationship of miR-590-3p with p27 and PPP2R2A was also observed in PC tissues. Conclusion MiR-590-3p promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. MiR-590-3p directly downregulated p27 and PPP2R2A and via the G1/S cell cycle pathway to promote the development of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
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Cáceres M, Quesada R, Iglesias M, Real FX, Villamonte M, de Villarreal JM, Pérez M, Andaluz A, Moll X, Berjano E, Dorcaratto D, Sánchez-Velázquez P, Grande L, Burdío F. Pancreatic duct ligation reduces premalignant pancreatic lesions in a Kras model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18344. [PMID: 33110094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic duct ligation (PDL) in the murine model has been described as an exocrine pancreatic atrophy-inducing procedure. However, its influence has scarcely been described on premalignant lesions. This study describes the histological changes of premalignant lesions and the gene expression in a well-defined model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by PDL. Selective ligation of the splenic lobe of the pancreas was performed in Ptf1a-Cre(+/ki); K-ras LSLG12Vgeo(+/ki) mice (PDL-Kras mice). Three experimental groups were evaluated: PDL group, controls and shams. The presence and number of premalignant lesions (PanIN 1–3 and Atypical Flat Lesions—AFL) in proximal (PP) and distal (DP) pancreas were studied for each group over time. Microarray analysis was performed to find differentially expressed genes (DEG) between PP and PD. Clinical human specimens after pancreaticoduodenectomy with ductal occlusion were also evaluated. PDL-Kras mice showed an intense pattern of atrophy in DP which was shrunk to a minimal portion of tissue. Mice in control and sham groups had a 7 and 10-time increase respectively of risk of high-grade PanIN 2 and 3 and AFL in their DP than PDL-Kras mice. Furthermore, PDL-Kras mice had significantly less PanIN 1 and 2 and AFL lesions in DP compared to PP. We identified 38 DEGs comparing PP and PD. Among them, several mapped to protein secretion and digestion while others such as Nupr1 have been previously associated with PanIN and PDAC. PDL in Ptf1a-Cre(+/ki); K-ras LSLG12Vgeo(+/ki) mice induces a decrease in the presence of premalignant lesions in the ligated DP. This could be a potential line of research of interest in some cancerous risk patients.
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Liu X, Li T, Huang X, Wu W, Li J, Wei L, Qian Y, Xu H, Wang Q, Wang L. DEPDC1B promotes migration and invasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by activating the Akt/GSK3β/Snail pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:146. [PMID: 32934714 PMCID: PMC7475641 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease, which frequently presents with distant metastasis. Further understanding of the molecular mechanism of PDAC is helpful to uncover novel and effective therapeutic strategies. DEP domain containing 1B (DEPDC1B) is known to play a role in the carcinogenesis and metastasis of several common types of cancer; however, its biological function and molecular mechanism in PDAC progression remain unclear. In the present study, the expression levels of DEPDC1B were detected in 79 pairs of PDAC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Patients with PDAC that exhibited higher DEPDC1B expression levels, were shown to have a poorer prognosis. Functional studies showed that knocking down DEPDC1B inhibited PDAC cell migration and invasion, while overexpressing DEPDC1B promoted these processes. Western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence demonstrated that DEPDC1B overexpression induced the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further mechanistic studies revealed that DEPDC1B was able to activate the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β)/Snail signaling pathway. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that DEPDC1B may serve as an oncogene that contributes to PDAC cell migration and invasion by inducing EMT via Akt/GSK3β/Snail pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xinyang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Lumin Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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Li T, Liu X, Xu B, Wu W, Zang Y, Li J, Wei L, Qian Y, Xu H, Xie M, Wang Q, Wang L. SKA1 regulates actin cytoskeleton remodelling via activating Cdc42 and influences the migration of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12799. [PMID: 32232899 PMCID: PMC7162805 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Spindle and kinetochore–associated protein 1(SKA1), originally identified as a protein essential for proper chromosome segregation, has been recently linked to multiple malignancies. This study aimed to explore the biological, clinical role and molecular mechanism of SKA1 in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods SKA1 expression was detected in 145 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) specimens by immunohistochemistry. Biological behaviour assays were used to determine the role of SKA1 in PDAC progression in vitro and in vivo. Using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), SKA1’s downstream proteins were examined. Moreover, cytochalasin B and ZCL278 were used to explore the changes of SKA1‐induced signalling and cell morphology, with further confirmation by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assays. Results Increased SKA1 expression was significantly correlated with tumour size and cellular differentiation degree in PDAC tissues. Furthermore, elevated levels of SKA1 reflected shorter overall survival (P = .019). As for biological behaviour, SKA1 acted as a tumour promotor in PDAC, overexpression of SKA1 facilitates cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SKA1 enhanced pancreatic cancer aggressiveness by inhibiting G2/M arrest and regulating actin cytoskeleton organization via activating Cdc42. Conclusions This study revealed novel roles for SKA1 as an important regulator of actin cytoskeleton organization and an oncogene in PDAC cells, which may provide insights into developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lumin Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Gong L, Zhang D, Lei Y, Qian Y, Tan X, Han S. Transcriptome-wide association study identifies multiple genes and pathways associated with pancreatic cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5727-5732. [PMID: 30334361 PMCID: PMC6247024 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify novel candidate genes for pancreatic cancer. METHODS We performed a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) analysis of pancreatic cancer (PC). GWAS summary data were driven from the published studies of PC, totally involving 558 542 SNPs in 1896 individuals with pancreatic cancer and 1939 healthy controls. FUSION software was applied to the PC GWAS summary data for tissue-related TWAS analysis, including whole blood, peripheral blood, adipose, and pancreas. The functional relevance of identified genes with PC was further validated by Oncomine, STRING, and CluePedia tool. RESULTS Transcriptome-wide association study analysis identified 19 genes significantly associated with PC, such as LRP5L (P value = 5.21 × 10-5 ), SOX4 (P value = 3.2 × 10-4 ), and EGLN3 (P value = 6.2 × 10-3 ). KEGG pathway enrichment analysis detected several PC-associated pathways, such as One carbon pool by folate (P value = 1.60 × 10-16 ), Cell cycle (P value = 1.27 × 10-7 ), TGF-beta signaling pathway (P value = 4.64 × 10-6 ). Further comparing the 19 genes with previously identified overexpressed genes in PC patients found one overlapped gene SOX4. CONCLUSION We identified some novel candidate genes and pathways associated with PC. Our results provide novel clues for the genetic mechanism studies of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyun Gong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yutiantian Lei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanjie Qian
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyue Tan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Suxia Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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11
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Huang Y, Yu S, Cao S, Yin Y, Hong S, Guan H, Li Y, Xiao H. MicroRNA-222 Promotes Invasion and Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Through Targeting Protein Phosphatase 2 Regulatory Subunit B Alpha Expression. Thyroid 2018; 28:1162-1173. [PMID: 29882471 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that microRNA dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer. MicroRNA-222 (miR-222) is upregulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the role of miR-222 in invasion and metastasis of PTC remains unknown. This study investigated the function of miR-222 and its underlying mechanism in the progression of PTC. METHODS The expression of miR-222 was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and its correlation with various clinical characteristics was analyzed. The role of miR-222 in PTC cell migration ability was assessed with Transwell® assays and wound-healing assays in both TPC-1 and K1 cells. By using bioinformatics analyses and dual-luciferase 3'-UTR reporter assays, the study identified the direct target of miR-222 and the downstream pathways of PTC. Further, the study confirmed the role of miR-222 in promoting PTC distant metastasis in vivo by injecting TPC-1 cells into nude mice. RESULTS This study confirmed that miR-222 was upregulated in PTC tissues compared to adjacent thyroid tissues and that it correlated with aggressive cancer phenotypes. The results indicate that ectopic miR-222 enhanced cell migration and invasion of thyroid cancer cells in vitro and distant pulmonary metastases in vivo. Protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B alpha (PPP2R2A), a tumor suppressor, was identified as a direct target of miR-222 through the 3'-UTR of PPP2R2A. Restoring PPP2R2A expression led to the attenuation of migration and invasion in miR-222-overexpressing thyroid cancer cells. Moreover, we found that miR-222 promoted invasion and metastasis partly through the AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results suggest that miR-222 promotes tumor invasion and metastasis in thyroid cancer by targeting PPP2R2A. Thus, miR-222 could serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker, as well as an attractive therapeutic tool for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrui Huang
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Siting Cao
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Yin
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou, China
- 2 Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital , Shenzhen, China
| | - Shubin Hong
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Guan
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou, China
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12
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Wu W, Liu X, Wei L, Li T, Zang Y, Qian Y, Bai T, Li J, Xie M, Zhu Y, Wang Q, Wang L. Tp53 Mutation Inhibits Ubiquitination and Degradation of WISP1 via Down-Regulation of Siah1 in Pancreatic Carcinogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:857. [PMID: 30123132 PMCID: PMC6085464 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP1) may play an important role in promoting carcinogenesis. However, the biological function and underlying mechanism of WISP1 in pancreatic carcinogenesis still remains enigmatic. In this study, immunochemistry staining showed that protein levels of WISP1 were more significantly upregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues with Tp53 mutation than in PDAC tissues with Tp53 wild-type. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between increased malignant phenotype of tumors from well-differentiated adenocarcinoma tissues to moderately- or poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma tissues shifting from cytoplasmic expression to nuclear accumulation of WISP1. Interestingly, WISP1 expression was correlated with the poor prognosis in PDAC patients with Tp53 mutation. Also, the biological function analysis showed that WISP1 may act as a potential oncogene in PDAC cells. In addition, immunofluorescence analysis showed that Tp53 mutation promoted WISP1 expression in PanIN and PDAC cells, while Siah E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 1 (Siah1) inhibited WISP1 expression in PDAC cells. Moreover, through immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting analysis, in vitro binding assay, and ubiquitination assay, we found that Tp53 mutation inhibited ubiquitination and degradation of Siah1-dependent WISP1. Therefore, Tp53 mutation-Siah1-WISP1 is a new signaling pathway, playing an important role in pancreatic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to The Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to The Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lumin Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to The Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to The Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to The Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to The Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to The Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to The Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to The Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to The Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to The Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to The Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Abstract
Survival rates for pancreatic cancer patients have remained unchanged for the last four decades. The most aggressive, and most common, type of pancreatic cancer is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which has the lowest 5-year survival rate of all cancers globally. The poor prognosis is typically due to late presentation of often non-specific symptoms and rapid development of resistance to all current therapeutics, including the standard-of-care cytotoxic drug gemcitabine. While early surgical intervention can significantly prolong patient survival, there are few treatment options for late-stage non-resectable metastatic disease, resulting in mostly palliative care. In addition, a defining feature of pancreatic cancer is the immunosuppressive and impenetrable desmoplastic stroma that blocks access to tumour cells by therapeutic drugs. The limited effectiveness of conventional chemotherapeutics reveals an urgent need to develop novel therapies with different mechanisms of action for this malignancy. An emerging alternative to current therapeutics is oncolytic adenoviruses; these engineered biological agents have proven efficacy and tumour-selectivity in preclinical pancreatic cancer models, including models of drug-resistant cancer. Safety of oncolytic adenoviral mutants has been extensively assessed in clinical trials with only limited toxicity to normal healthy tissue being reported. Promising efficacy in combination with gemcitabine was demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies. A recent surge in novel adenoviral mutants entering clinical trials for pancreatic cancer indicates improved efficacy through activation of the host anti-tumour responses. The potential for adenoviruses to synergise with chemotherapeutics, activate anti-tumour immune responses, and contribute to stromal dissemination render these mutants highly attractive candidates for improved patient outcomes. Currently, momentum is gathering towards the development of systemically-deliverable mutants that are able to overcome anti-viral host immune responses, erythrocyte binding and hepatic uptake, to promote elimination of primary and metastatic lesions. This review will cover the key components of pancreatic cancer oncogenesis; novel oncolytic adenoviruses; clinical trials; and the current progress in overcoming the challenges of systemic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Baird Nattress
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Gunnel Halldén
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
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14
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Abstract
Chronic inflammation has long been considered critical in pancreatic carcinogenesis, and recently studies showed that some anti-inflammatory agents such as aspirin could potentially be used to attenuate pancreatic carcinogenesis. Several inflammation-related critical transcription factors and pathways such as NF-κB (nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells) and reactive oxygen species have been confirmed to be involved in carcinogenesis. However, its underlying mechanisms are far from clear, which largely limits further development of potential anticarcinogenesis drugs. As a result, it is of great importance for us to better understand and gain a better perspective in inflammation-related pancreatic carcinogenesis. In this review, we systematically analyzed recent advances concerning inflammation-related pancreatic carcinogenesis and brought out the possible underlying mechanisms. Potential preventive and therapeutic strategies based on anti-inflammatory agents have also been further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Dai
- From the *Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, †Institute of Translational Medicine, and ‡Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Sleightholm RL, Neilsen BK, Li J, Steele MM, Singh RK, Hollingsworth MA, Oupicky D. Emerging roles of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in pancreatic cancer progression and therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 179:158-170. [PMID: 28549596 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine networks regulate a variety of cellular, physiological, and immune processes. These normal functions can become appropriated by cancer cells to facilitate a more hospitable niche for aberrant cells by enhancing growth, proliferation, and metastasis. This is especially true in pancreatic cancer, where chemokine signaling is a vital component in the development of the supportive tumor microenvironment and the signaling between the cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells. Although expression patterns vary among cancer types, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been implicated in nearly every major malignancy and plays a prominent role in pancreatic cancer development and progression. This receptor, in conjunction with its primary chemokine ligand CXCL12, promotes pancreatic cancer development, invasion, and metastasis through the management of the tumor microenvironment via complex crosstalk with other pathways. Thus, CXCR4 likely contributes to the poor prognoses observed in patients afflicted with this malignancy. Recent exploration of combination therapies with CXCR4 antagonists have demonstrated improved outcomes, and abolishing the contribution of this pathway may prove crucial to effectively treat pancreatic cancer at both the primary tumor and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Sleightholm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Beth K Neilsen
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maria M Steele
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David Oupicky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Early detection of pancreatic cancer (PC) is essential for a better prognosis. Some recent studies have demonstrated that a slight dilatation of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) and small cystic lesions were detected initially in most cases diagnosed at an early stage. Detecting these abnormal findings in cases with high risk factors through an effective screening system including image diagnosis, some biological markers, or familial cancer registrations should contribute to early diagnosis of PC. It has been reported that endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is essential for detecting tumors <10 mm with a favorable prognosis. Additionally, EUS‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy is useful for confirming final histological diagnosis. For the diagnosis of stage 0 PC, local irregular stenosis of MPD should be an important initial abnormal sign detected by EUS or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Cytodiagnosis multiple times using pancreatic juice obtained by endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage should be essential for the final diagnosis. Recently, activities of regional networks between specialist doctors in medical centers and general practitioners for early diagnosis of PC have been reported in Japan. In the future, these activities may play an important role in the early diagnosis of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Hanada
- Department of Gastroenterology Onomichi General Hospital Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hironobu Amano
- Department of Surgery Onomichi General Hospital Hiroshima Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Abe
- Department of Surgery Onomichi General Hospital Hiroshima Japan
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17
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Principe DR, Diaz AM, Torres C, Mangan RJ, DeCant B, McKinney R, Tsao MS, Lowy A, Munshi HG, Jung B, Grippo PJ. TGFβ engages MEK/ERK to differentially regulate benign and malignant pancreas cell function. Oncogene 2017; 36:4336-4348. [PMID: 28368414 PMCID: PMC5537609 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
While TGFβ signals are anti-proliferative in benign and well-differentiated pancreatic cells, TGFβ appears to promote the progression of advanced cancers. To better understand dysregulation of the TGFβ pathway, we first generated mouse models of neoplastic disease with TGFβ receptor deficiencies. These models displayed reduced levels of pERK irrespective of KRAS mutation. Furthermore, exogenous TGFβ led to rapid and sustained TGFBR1-dependent ERK phosphorylation in benign pancreatic duct cells. Similar to results that our group has published in colon cancer cells, inhibition of ERK phosphorylation in duct cells mitigated TGFβ-induced upregulation of growth suppressive pSMAD2 and p21, prevented downregulation of the pro-growth signal CDK2 and ablated TGFβ-induced EMT. These observations suggest that ERK is a key factor in growth suppressive TGFβ signals, yet may also contribute to detrimental TGFβ signaling such as EMT. In neoplastic PanIN cells, pERK was not necessary for either TGFβ-induced pSMAD2 phosphorylation or CDK2 repression, but was required for upregulation of p21 and EMT indicating a partial divergence between TGFβ and MEK/ERK in early carcinogenesis. In cancer cells, pERK had no effect on TGFβ-induced upregulation of pSMAD2 and p21, suggesting the two pathways have completely diverged with respect to the cell cycle. Furthermore, inhibition of pERK both reduced levels of CDK2 and prevented EMT independent of exogenous TGFβ, consistent with most observations identifying pERK as a tumor promoter. Combined, these data suggest that during carcinogenesis pERK initially facilitates and later antagonizes TGFβ-mediated cell cycle arrest, yet remains critical for the pathological, EMT-inducing arm of TGFβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Principe
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A M Diaz
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Torres
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R J Mangan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B DeCant
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R McKinney
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M-S Tsao
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Lowy
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - H G Munshi
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B Jung
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - P J Grippo
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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18
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You L, Ren X, Du Y, Zhao W, Cui M, Chen G, Zhao Y. c-Fos/ERK promotes the progression from pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3413-3420. [PMID: 27748943 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is thought to develop through the progression of precursor lesions, known as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanIN). In the present study, we showed that c-Fos promoted proliferation, cell cycle and migration in pancreatic cancer cells. Caerulein was used to accelerate the pathogenesis of Pdx-cre; KrasG12D mice. During PanIN formation and development of PDAC, the expression of ERK and c-Fos increased concomitantly. When ERK activity was inhibited by U0126, the expression of c-Fos also decreased. Inactivation of ERK/c-Fos suppressed pancreatic lesions concurrently through proliferation, inflammation and apoptosis. Our findings suggest that the ERK/c-Fos pathway is required for PDAC initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yongxing Du
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Ge Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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19
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Bhasin MK, Ndebele K, Bucur O, Yee EU, Otu HH, Plati J, Bullock A, Gu X, Castan E, Zhang P, Najarian R, Muraru MS, Miksad R, Khosravi-Far R, Libermann TA. Meta-analysis of transcriptome data identifies a novel 5-gene pancreatic adenocarcinoma classifier. Oncotarget 2016; 7:23263-81. [PMID: 26993610 PMCID: PMC5029625 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is largely incurable due to late diagnosis. Superior early detection biomarkers are critical to improving PDAC survival and risk stratification. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Optimized meta-analysis of PDAC transcriptome datasets identified and validated key PDAC biomarkers. PDAC-specific expression of a 5-gene biomarker panel was measured by qRT-PCR in microdissected patient-derived FFPE tissues. Cell-based assays assessed impact of two of these biomarkers, TMPRSS4 and ECT2, on PDAC cells. RESULTS A 5-gene PDAC classifier (TMPRSS4, AHNAK2, POSTN, ECT2, SERPINB5) achieved on average 95% sensitivity and 89% specificity in discriminating PDAC from non-tumor samples in four training sets and similar performance (sensitivity = 94%, specificity = 89.6%) in five independent validation datasets. This classifier accurately discriminated PDAC from chronic pancreatitis (AUC = 0.83), other cancers (AUC = 0.89), and non-tumor from PDAC precursors (AUC = 0.92) in three independent datasets. Importantly, the classifier distinguished PanIN from healthy pancreas in the PDX1-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D PDAC mouse model. Discriminatory expression of the PDAC classifier genes was confirmed in microdissected FFPE samples of PDAC and matched surrounding non-tumor pancreas or pancreatitis. Notably, knock-down of TMPRSS4 and ECT2 reduced PDAC soft agar growth and cell viability and TMPRSS4 knockdown also blocked PDAC migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS This study identified and validated a highly accurate 5-gene PDAC classifier for discriminating PDAC and early precursor lesions from non-malignant tissue that may facilitate early diagnosis and risk stratification upon validation in prospective clinical trials. Cell-based experiments of two overexpressed proteins encoded by the panel, TMPRSS4 and ECT2, suggest a causal link to PDAC development and progression, confirming them as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K. Bhasin
- Department of Medicine, BIDMC Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth Ndebele
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Octavian Bucur
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eric U. Yee
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hasan H. Otu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jessica Plati
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Bullock
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuesong Gu
- Department of Medicine, BIDMC Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eduardo Castan
- Department of Medicine, BIDMC Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, BIDMC Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Najarian
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria S. Muraru
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Miksad
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roya Khosravi-Far
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Towia A. Libermann
- Department of Medicine, BIDMC Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly malignancy that affects nearly 50,000 patients each year. The overall 5-year survival rate for this malignancy remains the lowest of any cancer at around 7% due to limited diagnostic methods, disease aggressiveness and a lack of targeted therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the successes achieved over the past several decades as well as the significant cellular and molecular hurdles that remain in combatting this deadly disease at a translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gharibi
- Developmental Oncogene Laboratory, Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | - Y Adamian
- Developmental Oncogene Laboratory, Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | - J A Kelber
- Developmental Oncogene Laboratory, Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA.
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Wang Q, Li J, Wu W, Shen R, Jiang H, Qian Y, Tang Y, Bai T, Wu S, Wei L, Zang Y, Zhang J, Wang L. Smad4-dependent suppressor pituitary homeobox 2 promotes PPP2R2A-mediated inhibition of Akt pathway in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:11208-22. [PMID: 26848620 PMCID: PMC4905467 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of Pituitary homeobox 2 (Pitx2) in malignancy remains enigmatic, and Pitx2 has not been previously implicated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this study, we performed gene expression profiling of human PDAC tissues and identified Pitx2 as a promising candidate. Pitx2 expression was decreased from 2.6- to 19-fold in human PDAC tissues from microarray units. Immunochemistry staining showed that Pitx2 expression was moderate to intense in normal pancreatic and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplastic lesions, whereas low in human PDAC tissues. The Pitx2 levels correlated with overall patient survival post-operatively in PDAC. Induction of Pitx2 expression partly inhibited the malignant phenotype of PDAC cells. Interestingly, low Pitx2 expression was correlated with Smad4 mutant inactivation, but not with Pitx2 DNA-methylation. Furthermore, Smad4 protein bound to Pitx2 promoter and stimulated Pitx2 expression in PDAC. In addition, Pitx2 protein bound to the promoter of the protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B55α (PPP2R2A) and upregulated PPP2R2A expression, which may activate dephosphorylation of Akt in PDAC. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into Pitx2 as a tumor suppressor in the downstream of Smad4. And Pitx2 protein promotes PPP2R2A expression which may inhibit Akt pathway. Therefore, we propose that the Smad4-Pitx2-PPP2R2A axis, a new signaling pathway, suppresses the pancreatic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ruizhe Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - He Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuting Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yanping Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tingting Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sheng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lumin Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi Zang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Guo J, Xie K, Zheng S. Molecular Biomarkers of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Their Implications in Early Diagnosis and Therapeutic Intervention of Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:292-301. [PMID: 26929736 PMCID: PMC4753158 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of early detection and effective interventions is a major reason for the poor prognosis and dismal survival rates for pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) is the most common precursor of invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Each stage in the progression from PanIN to PDAC is well characterized by multiple significant genetic alterations affecting signaling pathways. Understanding the biological behavior and molecular alterations in the progression from PanIN to PDAC is crucial to the identification of noninvasive biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis and the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for control of pancreatic cancer progression. This review focuses on molecular biomarkers of PanIN and their important roles in early detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Guo
- 1. Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Haikou 571199, People's Republic of China; 2. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keping Xie
- 2. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- 1. Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Haikou 571199, People's Republic of China; 2. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
Pancreatic neoplasms are morphologically and genetically heterogeneous and include a wide variety of tumors ranging from benign to malignant with an extremely poor clinical outcome. Our understanding of these pancreatic neoplasms has improved significantly with recent advances in cancer sequencing. Awareness of molecular pathogenesis brings new opportunities for early detection, improved prognostication, and personalized gene-specific therapies. Here we review the pathological classification of pancreatic neoplasms from the molecular and genetic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Rishi
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael Goggins
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Laura D Wood
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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Wang Q, Jiang H, Ping C, Shen R, Liu T, Li J, Qian Y, Tang Y, Cheng S, Yao W, Wang L. Exploring the Wnt pathway-associated LncRNAs and genes involved in pancreatic carcinogenesis driven by Tp53 mutation. Pharm Res 2015; 32:793-805. [PMID: 24469904 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Study the contribution of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS We explored lncRNAs profilings in PanIN cell line (SH-PAN) isolated from Pdx-1-Cre; LSL-Kras (G12D/+) mice and PDAC cell line (DT-PCa) isolated from Pdx-1-Cre; LSL- Kras (G12D/+) ; LSL- Tp53 (R172H/+) mice by lncRNAs microarray, and detected expression of lncRNAs and genes in PDAC by Real-time PCR, Western blot, ChIP and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Eight lncRNAs and five protein-coding genes, associated with Wnt pathway, were identified with more than five-fold changes between DT-PCa cells and SH-PAN cells. Of them, lincRNA1611 and Ppp3ca were validated significantly high expression in DT-PCa cells and in 22 of 26 fresh resected human PDAC tissues, compared to SH-PAN cells and normal pancreatic tissues, respectively. Moreover, Tp53 mutation status displayed a positive correlation with lincRNA1611 or Ppp3ca level. Immunohistochemical staining for Ppp3ca was weak or lack in 91 of 107 normal pancreatic tissues, 24 of 29 PanIN-I and 13 of 16 PanIN-II tissues, however, was strong in 10 of 27 PanIN-III and 62 of 107 PDAC tissues post operation. CONCLUSIONS LincRNA1611 and Ppp3ca were high expression in PDAC and may serve as new potential targets for intervention of the disease.
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