1
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Mariño KV, Cagnoni AJ, Croci DO, Rabinovich GA. Targeting galectin-driven regulatory circuits in cancer and fibrosis. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023. [PMID: 36759557 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of endogenous glycan-binding proteins that have crucial roles in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. As a group, these proteins use both extracellular and intracellular mechanisms as well as glycan-dependent and independent pathways to reprogramme the fate and function of numerous cell types. Given their multifunctional roles in both tissue fibrosis and cancer, galectins have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for these disorders. Here, we focus on the therapeutic relevance of galectins, particularly galectin 1 (GAL1), GAL3 and GAL9 to tumour progression and fibrotic diseases. We consider an array of galectin-targeted strategies, including small-molecule carbohydrate inhibitors, natural polysaccharides and their derivatives, peptides, peptidomimetics and biological agents (notably, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and truncated galectins) and discuss their mechanisms of action, selectivity and therapeutic potential in preclinical models of fibrosis and cancer. We also review the results of clinical trials that aim to evaluate the efficacy of galectin inhibitors in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cancer. The rapid pace of glycobiology research, combined with the acute need for drugs to alleviate fibrotic inflammation and overcome resistance to anticancer therapies, will accelerate the translation of anti-galectin therapeutics into clinical practice.
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2
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Laderach DJ, Compagno D. Inhibition of galectins in cancer: Biological challenges for their clinical application. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1104625. [PMID: 36703969 PMCID: PMC9872792 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1104625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins play relevant roles in tumor development, progression and metastasis. Accordingly, galectins are certainly enticing targets for medical intervention in cancer. To date, however, clinical trials based on galectin inhibitors reported inconclusive results. This review summarizes the galectin inhibitors currently being evaluated and discusses some of the biological challenges that need to be addressed to improve these strategies for the benefit of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego José Laderach
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facutad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina,*Correspondence: Diego José Laderach,
| | - Daniel Compagno
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facutad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Agrahari AK, Bose P, Jaiswal MK, Rajkhowa S, Singh AS, Hotha S, Mishra N, Tiwari VK. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Click Chemistry in Glycoscience and Their Diverse Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7638-7956. [PMID: 34165284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between organic azides and terminal alkynes, commonly known as CuAAC or click chemistry, has been identified as one of the most successful, versatile, reliable, and modular strategies for the rapid and regioselective construction of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as diversely functionalized molecules. Carbohydrates, an integral part of living cells, have several fascinating features, including their structural diversity, biocompatibility, bioavailability, hydrophilicity, and superior ADME properties with minimal toxicity, which support increased demand to explore them as versatile scaffolds for easy access to diverse glycohybrids and well-defined glycoconjugates for complete chemical, biochemical, and pharmacological investigations. This review highlights the successful development of CuAAC or click chemistry in emerging areas of glycoscience, including the synthesis of triazole appended carbohydrate-containing molecular architectures (mainly glycohybrids, glycoconjugates, glycopolymers, glycopeptides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycoclusters, and glycodendrimers through regioselective triazole forming modular and bio-orthogonal coupling protocols). It discusses the widespread applications of these glycoproducts as enzyme inhibitors in drug discovery and development, sensing, gelation, chelation, glycosylation, and catalysis. This review also covers the impact of click chemistry and provides future perspectives on its role in various emerging disciplines of science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sanchayita Rajkhowa
- Department of Chemistry, Jorhat Institute of Science and Technology (JIST), Jorhat, Assam 785010, India
| | - Anoop S Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science and Engineering Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra 411021, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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4
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Heine V, Hovorková M, Vlachová M, Filipová M, Bumba L, Janoušková O, Hubálek M, Cvačka J, Petrásková L, Pelantová H, Křen V, Elling L, Bojarová P. Immunoprotective neo-glycoproteins: Chemoenzymatic synthesis of multivalent glycomimetics for inhibition of cancer-related galectin-3. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113500. [PMID: 33962190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 plays a crucial role in cancerogenesis; its targeting is a prospective pathway in cancer diagnostics and therapy. Multivalent presentation of glycans was shown to strongly increase the affinity of glycoconjugates to galectin-3. Further strengthening of interaction with galectin-3 may be accomplished using artificial glycomimetics with apt aryl substitutions. We established a new, as yet undescribed chemoenzymatic method to produce selective C-3-substituted N,N'-diacetyllactosamine glycomimetics and coupled them to human serum albumin. From a library of enzymes, only β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from Talaromyces flavus was able to efficiently synthesize the C-3-propargylated disaccharide. Various aryl residues were attached to the functionalized N,N'-diacetyllactosamine via click chemistry to assess the impact of the aromatic substitution. In ELISA-type assays with galectin-3, free glycomimetics exhibited up to 43-fold stronger inhibitory potency to Gal-3 than the lactose standard. Coupling to human serum albumin afforded multivalent neo-glycoproteins with up to 4209-fold increased inhibitory potency per glycan compared to the monovalent lactose standard. Surface plasmon resonance brought further information on the kinetics of galectin-3 inhibition. The potential of prepared neo-glycoproteins to target galectin-3 was demonstrated on colorectal adenocarcinoma DLD-1 cells. We investigated the uptake of neo-glycoproteins into cells and observed limited non-specific transport into the cytoplasm. Therefore, neo-glycoproteins primarily act as efficient scavengers of exogenous galectin-3 of cancer cells, inhibiting its interaction with the cell surface, and protecting T-lymphocytes against galectin-3-induced apoptosis. The present neo-glycoproteins combine the advantage of a straightforward synthesis, selectivity, non-toxicity, and high efficiency for targeting exogenous galectin-3, with possible application in the immunomodulatory treatment of galectin-3-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Heine
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 20, D-52079 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michaela Hovorková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ-12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miluše Vlachová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Filipová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hubálek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lothar Elling
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 20, D-52079 Aachen, Germany
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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5
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Pham J, Hernandez A, Cioce A, Achilli S, Goti G, Vivès C, Thepaut M, Bernardi A, Fieschi F, Reichardt NC. Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of S. mansoni O-Glycans and Their Evaluation as Ligands for C-Type Lectin Receptors MGL, DC-SIGN, and DC-SIGNR. Chemistry 2020; 26:12818-12830. [PMID: 32939912 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to their interactions with C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), glycans from the helminth Schistosoma mansoni represent promising leads for treatment of autoimmune diseases, allergies or cancer. We chemo-enzymatically synthesized nine O-glycans based on the two predominant O-glycan cores observed in the infectious stages of schistosomiasis, the mucin core 2 and the S. mansoni core. The O-glycans were fucosylated next to a selection of N-glycans directly on a microarray slide using a recombinant fucosyltransferase and GDP-fucose or GDP-6-azidofucose as donor. Binding assays with fluorescently labelled human CLRs DC-SIGN, DC-SIGNR and MGL revealed the novel O-glycan O8 as the best ligand for MGL from our panel. Significant binding to DC-SIGN was also found for azido-fucosylated glycans. Contrasting binding specificities were observed between the monovalent carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and the tetravalent extracellular domain (ECD) of DC-SIGNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Pham
- CIC biomaGUNE, Glycotechnology Group, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alvaro Hernandez
- CIC biomaGUNE, Glycotechnology Group, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.,Asparia Glycomics S.L., Mikeletegi 83, 20009, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Anna Cioce
- CIC biomaGUNE, Glycotechnology Group, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Silvia Achilli
- CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38100, Grenoble, France.,Present address: DCM, UMR 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Giulio Goti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Corinne Vivès
- CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38100, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Thepaut
- CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38100, Grenoble, France
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Franck Fieschi
- CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38100, Grenoble, France
| | - Niels-Christian Reichardt
- CIC biomaGUNE, Glycotechnology Group, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.,Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
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6
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Sethi A, Sanam S, Munagalasetty S, Jayanthi S, Alvala M. Understanding the role of galectin inhibitors as potential candidates for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: in silico studies. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29873-29884. [PMID: 35518264 PMCID: PMC9056307 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04795c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin 3 have the potential to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We validated the studies by docking, MD and MM/GBSA calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaftaab Sethi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research-Hyderabad
- Balanagar
- India
| | - Swetha Sanam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research-Hyderabad
- Balanagar
- India
| | - Sharon Munagalasetty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research-Hyderabad
- Balanagar
- India
| | - Sivaraman Jayanthi
- Computational Drug Design Lab
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore
- India
| | - Mallika Alvala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research-Hyderabad
- Balanagar
- India
- MARS Training Academy
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7
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Sethi A, Sanam S, Alvala M. New clues arising from hunt of saccharides binding to galectin 3 via 3D QSAR and docking studies. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 2020; 21:100411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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8
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Wu C, Yong C, Zhong Q, Wang Z, Nilsson UJ, Zhang Y. Synthesis of tricyclic carbohydrate–benzene hybrids as selective inhibitors of galectin-1 and galectin-8 N-terminal domains. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19636-19642. [PMID: 35515421 PMCID: PMC9054096 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03144e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As the galactoside binding family of galectin proteins is involved in many physiological and pathological processes, the inhibitors of these proteins are considered to be of significant interest in the treatment of diseases such as cancer and fibrosis. Herein, fused tricyclic carbohydrate–benzene hybrid core structures are reported to be the selective inhibitors of galectin-1 and the N-terminal domain of galectin-8 by a competitive fluorescence polarization assay. The key intermediates mono- or diiodo tricyclic carbohydrate–benzene hybrids were synthesized from protected 2-bromo-3-O-propargyl-d-galactose via a domino reaction and subsequently utilized for further derivatization by Stille couplings to achieve derivatives carrying substituents at C10 and/or C11. Several compounds showed affinity for the galectin-1 and galectin-8 N-terminal (8N) domains; however, weak or even no binding was observed for galectin-3. Monosubstituted derivatives at C10 or C11 exhibited better affinity for galectin-8N than di-substituted derivatives at C10 or C11. Especially, a benzyl substituent or p-fluorobenzyl substituent at C11 displayed affinity and selectivity for galectin-1 and galectin-8N over galectin-3. This suggests that tricyclic carbohydrate–benzene hybrids are promising scaffolds for the development of selective galectin-1 and galectin-8N inhibitors. Fused tricyclic carbohydrate–benzene hybrids carrying substituents at C10 and/or C11 were designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors for galectin-1 and the N-terminal domain of galectin-8.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Wu
- School of Science
- Xihua University
- 610039 Chengdu
- China
| | - Can Yong
- School of Science
- Xihua University
- 610039 Chengdu
- China
| | - Qiuju Zhong
- School of Science
- Xihua University
- 610039 Chengdu
- China
| | - Zhouyu Wang
- School of Science
- Xihua University
- 610039 Chengdu
- China
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund
- Sweden
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9
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Xue H, Zhao Z, Lin Z, Geng J, Guan Y, Song C, Zhou Y, Tai G. Selective effects of ginseng pectins on galectin-3-mediated T cell activation and apoptosis. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 219:121-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Miller MC, Zheng Y, Zhou Y, Tai G, Mayo KH. Galectin-3 binds selectively to the terminal, non-reducing end of β(1→4)-galactans, with overall affinity increasing with chain length. Glycobiology 2019; 29:74-84. [PMID: 30204870 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactans are linear polysaccharides of β(1→4)-linked galactose residues. Although they can antagonize galectin function, the nature of their binding to galectins needs to be better defined to develop them as drugs. Here, we investigated interactions between galectin-3 (Gal-3) and a series of galactans ranging in weight average molecular weight from 670 to 7550 Da. 15N-1H HSQC NMR studies with 15N-labeled Gal-3 carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) indicate that each of these galactans interacts primarily with residues in β-strands 4, 5 and 6 on the canonical, β-galactoside sugar binding S-face. Although these galactans also bind to full length Gal-3 (CRD plus N-terminal tail) to the same extent, it appears that binding to the S-face attenuates interactions between the CRD F-face and N-terminal tail, making interpretation of site-specific binding unclear. Following assignment of galactan 13C and 1H resonances using HSQC, HMBC and TOCSY experiments, we used 13C-1H HSQC data to demonstrate that the Gal-3 CRD binds to the terminal, non-reducing end of these galactans, regardless of their size, but with binding affinity increasing as the galactan chain length increases. Overall, our findings increase understanding as to how galactans interact with Gal-3 at the non-reducing, terminal end of galactose-containing polysaccharides as found on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, 6-155 Jackson Hall, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Guihua Tai
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, 6-155 Jackson Hall, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Restuccia A, Fettis MM, Farhadi SA, Molinaro MD, Kane B, Hudalla GA. Evaluation of Self-Assembled Glycopeptide Nanofibers Modified with N,N′-Diacetyllactosamine for Selective Galectin-3 Recognition and Inhibition. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Restuccia
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116131, Biomedical Sciences Building JG56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Margaret M. Fettis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116131, Biomedical Sciences Building JG56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Shaheen A. Farhadi
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116131, Biomedical Sciences Building JG56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Matthew D. Molinaro
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116131, Biomedical Sciences Building JG56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Bryant Kane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Gregory A. Hudalla
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116131, Biomedical Sciences Building JG56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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12
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Zhang T, Miller MC, Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Xue H, Zhao D, Su J, Mayo KH, Zhou Y, Tai G. Macromolecular assemblies of complex polysaccharides with galectin-3 and their synergistic effects on function. Biochem J 2017; 474:3849-68. [PMID: 28986508 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20170143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although pectin-derived polysaccharides can antagonize galectin function in various pathological disorders, the nature of their binding interactions needs to be better defined for developing them as drugs. Moreover, given their relatively large size and complexity, pectin-derived polysaccharides are also useful as model systems to assess inter-polysaccharide and protein-polysaccharide interactions. Here, we investigated interactions between galectin-3 (Gal-3) and pectin-derived polysaccharides: a rhamnogalacturonan (RG) and two homogalacturonans (HGs). BioLayer Interferometry and fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assays indicate that these polysaccharides bind Gal-3 with macroscopic or apparent KD values of 49 nM, 46 µM, and 138 µM, respectively. 15N-1H heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR studies reveal that these polysaccharides interact primarily with the F-face of the Gal-3 carbohydrate recognition domain. Even though their binding to Gal-3 does not inhibit Gal-3-mediated T-cell apoptosis and only weakly attenuates hemagglutination, their combination in specific proportions increases activity synergistically along with avidity for Gal-3. This suggests that RG and HG polysaccharides act in concert, a proposal supported by polysaccharide particle size measurements and 13C-1H HSQC data. Our model has HG interacting with RG to promote increased avidity of RG for Gal-3, likely by exposing additional lectin-binding sites on the RG. Overall, the present study contributes to our understanding of how complex HG and RG polysaccharides interact with Gal-3.
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13
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Campo VL, Marchiori MF, Rodrigues LC, Dias-Baruffi M. Synthetic glycoconjugates inhibitors of tumor-related galectin-3: an update. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:853-876. [PMID: 27526114 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is associated with the development and malignancy of several types of tumor, mediating important tumor-related functions, such as tumorigenesis, neoplastic transformation, tumor cell survival, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis and regulation of apoptosis. Therefore, synthetic galectin-3 inhibitors are of utmost importance for development of new antitumor therapeutic strategies. In this review we present an updated selection of synthetic glycoconjugates inhibitors of tumor-related galectin-3, properly addressed as monosaccharide- and disaccharide-based inhibitors, and multivalent-based inhibitors, disclosuring relevant methods for their synthesis along with their inhibitory activities towards galectin-3. In general, Cu(I)-assisted 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions were predominantly applied for the synthesis of the described inhibitors, which had their inhibitory activities against galectin-3 evaluated by fluorescence polarization, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), hemagglutination, ELISA and cell imaging assays. Overall, the presented synthetic glycoconjugates represent frontline galectin-3 inhibitors, finding important biomedical applications in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Leiria Campo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Av. Café S/N, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Fiori Marchiori
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Av. Café S/N, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Lílian Cataldi Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Av. Café S/N, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Av. Café S/N, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Galectins have affinity for β-galactosides. Human galectin-1 is ubiquitously expressed in the body and its expression level can be a marker in disease. Targeted inhibition of galectin-1 gives potential for treatment of inflammatory disorders and anti-cancer therapeutics. AREAS COVERED This review discusses progress in galectin-1 inhibitor discovery and development. Patent applications pertaining to galectin-1 inhibitors are categorised as monovalent- and multivalent-carbohydrate-based inhibitors, peptides- and peptidomimetics. Furthermore, the potential of galectin-1 protein as a therapeutic is discussed along with consideration of the unique challenges that galectin-1 presents, including its monomer-dimer equilibrium and oxidized and reduced forms, with regard to delivering an intact protein to a pathologically relevant site. EXPERT OPINION Significant evidence implicates galectin-1's involvement in cancer progression, inflammation, and host-pathogen interactions. Conserved sequence similarity of the carbohydrate-binding sites of different galectins makes design of specific antagonists (blocking agents/inhibitors of function) difficult. Key challenges pertaining to the therapeutic use of galectin-1 are its monomer-dimer equilibrium, its redox state, and delivery of intact galectin-1 to the desired site. Developing modified forms of galectin-1 has resulted in increased stability and functional potency. Gene and protein therapy approaches that deliver the protein toward the target are under exploration as is exploitation of different inhibitor scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Blanchard
- a Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus , Queensland , Australia
| | - Khuchtumur Bum-Erdene
- a Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus , Queensland , Australia
| | | | - Xing Yu
- a Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus , Queensland , Australia
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15
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Tyagi M, Taxak N, Bharatam PV, Nandanwar H, Kartha KR. Mechanochemical click reaction as a tool for making carbohydrate-based triazole-linked self-assembling materials (CTSAMs). Carbohydr Res 2015; 407:137-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Poláková M, Stanton R, Wilson IB, Holková I, Šesták S, Machová E, Jandová Z, Kóňa J. 'Click chemistry' synthesis of 1-(α-D-mannopyranosyl)-1,2,3-triazoles for inhibition of α-mannosidases. Carbohydr Res 2015; 406:34-40. [PMID: 25658064 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Three new triazole conjugates derived from d-mannose were synthesized and assayed in in vitro assays to investigate their ability to inhibit α-mannosidase enzymes from the glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 38 and 47. The triazole conjugates were more selective for a GH47 α-mannosidase (Aspergillus saitoi α1,2-mannosidase), showing inhibition at the micromolar level (IC50 values of 50-250 μM), and less potent towards GH38 mannosidases (IC50 values in the range of 0.5-6 mM towards jack bean α-mannosidase or Drosophila melanogaster lysosomal and Golgi α-mannosidases). The highest selectivity ratio [IC50(GH38)/IC50(GH47)] of 100 was exhibited by the phenyltriazole conjugate. To understand structure-activity properties of synthesized compounds, 3-D complexes of inhibitors with α-mannosidases were built using molecular docking calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Cecioni
- CERMAV, Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Institut
de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires,
Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2 - Glycochimie, UMR 5246, Université Lyon 1 and CNRS, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- CERMAV, Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sébastien Vidal
- Institut
de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires,
Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2 - Glycochimie, UMR 5246, Université Lyon 1 and CNRS, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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Rachel H, Chang-Chun L. Recent advances toward the development of inhibitors to attenuate tumor metastasis via the interruption of lectin-ligand interactions. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2014; 69:125-207. [PMID: 24274369 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-408093-5.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a well-recognized phenomenon that occurs on the surface of tumor cells, and the overexpression of a number of ligands (such as TF, sialyl Tn, and sialyl Lewis X) has been correlated to a worse prognosis for the patient. These unique carbohydrate structures play an integral role in cell-cell communication and have also been associated with more metastatic cancer phenotypes, which can result from binding to lectins present on cell surfaces. The most well studied metastasis-associated lectins are the galectins and selectins, which have been correlated to adhesion, neoangiogenesis, and immune-cell evasion processes. In order to slow the rate of metastatic lesion formation, a number of approaches have been successfully developed which involve interfering with the tumor lectin-substrate binding event. Through the generation of inhibitors, or by attenuating lectin and/or carbohydrate expression, promising results have been observed both in vitro and in vivo. This article briefly summarizes the involvement of lectins in the metastatic process and also describes different approaches used to prevent these undesirable carbohydrate-lectin binding events, which should ultimately lead to improvement in current cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hevey Rachel
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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19
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Blanchard H, Bum-Erdene K, Hugo MW. Inhibitors of Galectins and Implications for Structure-Based Design of Galectin-Specific Therapeutics. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of galactoside-specific lectins that are involved in a myriad of metabolic and disease processes. Due to roles in cancer and inflammatory and heart diseases, galectins are attractive targets for drug development. Over the last two decades, various strategies have been used to inhibit galectins, including polysaccharide-based therapeutics, multivalent display of saccharides, peptides, peptidomimetics, and saccharide-modifications. Primarily due to galectin carbohydrate binding sites having high sequence identities, the design and development of selective inhibitors targeting particular galectins, thereby addressing specific disease states, is challenging. Furthermore, the use of different inhibition assays by research groups has hindered systematic assessment of the relative selectivity and affinity of inhibitors. This review summarises the status of current inhibitors, strategies, and novel scaffolds that exploit subtle differences in galectin structures that, in conjunction with increasing available data on multiple galectins, is enabling the feasible design of effective and specific inhibitors of galectins.
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de Carvalho da Silva F, Cardoso MFDC, Ferreira PG, Ferreira VF. Biological Properties of 1H-1,2,3- and 2H-1,2,3-Triazoles. Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2014_124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Gao X, Zhi Y, Sun L, Peng X, Zhang T, Xue H, Tai G, Zhou Y. The inhibitory effects of a rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) domain from ginseng pectin on galectin-3 and its structure-activity relationship. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:33953-33965. [PMID: 24100038 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.482315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectin has been shown to inhibit the actions of galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding protein associated with cancer progression. The structural features of pectin involved in this activity remain unclear. We investigated the effects of different ginseng pectins on galectin-3 action. The rhamnogalacturonan I-rich pectin fragment, RG-I-4, potently inhibited galectin-3-mediated hemagglutination, cancer cell adhesion and homotypic aggregation, and binding of galectin-3 to T-cells. RG-I-4 specifically bound to the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3 with a dissociation constant of 22.2 nm, which was determined by surface plasmon resonance analysis. The structure-activity relationship of RG-I-4 was investigated by modifying the structure through various enzymatic and chemical methods followed by activity tests. The results showed that (a) galactan side chains were essential to the activity of RG-I-4, whereas arabinan side chains positively or negatively regulated the activity depending on their location within the RG-I-4 molecule. (b) The activity of galactan chain was proportional to its length up to 4 Gal residues and largely unchanged thereafter. (c) The majority of galactan side chains in RG-I-4 were short with low activities. (d) The high activity of RG-I-4 resulted from the cooperative action of these side chains. (e) The backbone of the molecule was very important to RG-I-4 activity, possibly by maintaining a structural conformation of the whole molecule. (f) The isolated backbone could bind galectin-3, which was insensitive to lactose treatment. The novel discovery that the side chains and backbone play distinct roles in regulating RG-I-4 activity is valuable for producing highly active pectin-based galectin-3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuan Zhi
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lin Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoxia Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Huiting Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Guihua Tai
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yifa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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Mangsang W, Sirion U, Saeeng R. One-pot synthesis of O-glycosyl triazoles by O-glycosylation–click reaction. Carbohydr Res 2013; 375:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Glinskii OV, Sud S, Mossine VV, Mawhinney TP, Anthony DC, Glinsky GV, Pienta KJ, Glinsky VV. Inhibition of prostate cancer bone metastasis by synthetic TF antigen mimic/galectin-3 inhibitor lactulose-L-leucine. Neoplasia 2012; 14:65-73. [PMID: 22355275 DOI: 10.1593/neo.111544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently incurable, prostate cancer metastasis has a remarkable ability to spread to the skeleton. Previous studies demonstrated that interactions mediated by the cancer-associated Thomsen-Friedenreich glycoantigen (TF-Ag) and the carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-3 play an important role in several rate-limiting steps of cancer metastasis such as metastatic cell adhesion to bone marrow endothelium, homotypic tumor cell aggregation, and clonogenic survival and growth. This study investigated the ability of a synthetic small-molecular-weight nontoxic carbohydrate-based TF-Ag mimic lactulose-L-leucine (Lac-L-Leu) to inhibit these processes in vitro and, ultimately, prostate cancer bone metastasis in vivo. Using an in vivo mouse model, based on intracardiac injection of human PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells stably expressing luciferase, we investigated the ability of Lac-L-Leu to impede the establishment and growth of bone metastasis. Parallel-flow chamber assay, homotypic aggregation assay, modified Boyden chamber assay, and clonogenic growth assay were used to assess the effects of Lac-L-Leu on tumor cell adhesion to the endothelium, homotypic tumor cell aggregation, transendothelial migration, and clonogenic survival and growth, respectively. We report that daily intraperitoneal administration of Lac-L-Leu resulted in a three-fold (P < .05) decrease in metastatic tumor burden compared with the untreated control. Mechanistically, the effect of Lac-L-Leu, which binds and inhibits galectins by mimicking essential structural features of the TF-Ag, was associated with a dose-dependent inhibition of prostate cancer cell adhesion to bone marrow endothelium, homotypic aggregation, transendothelial migration, and clonogenic growth. We conclude that small-molecular-weight carbohydrate-based compounds targeting β-galactoside-mediated interactions could provide valuable means for controlling and preventing metastatic prostate cancer spread to the skeleton.
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2007-2008. Mass Spectrom Rev 2012; 31:183-311. [PMID: 21850673 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fifth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2008. The first section of the review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, use of derivatives and new software developments for analysis of carbohydrate spectra. Among newer areas of method development are glycan arrays, MALDI imaging and the use of ion mobility spectrometry. The second section of the review discusses applications of MALDI MS to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, biopharmaceuticals, glycated proteins, glycolipids, glycosides and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing and a section on the use of MALDI MS to monitor products of the chemical synthesis of carbohydrates with emphasis on carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers. Corresponding analyses by electrospray ionization now appear to outnumber those performed by MALDI and the amount of literature makes a comprehensive review on this technique impractical. However, most of the work relating to sample preparation and glycan synthesis is equally relevant to electrospray and, consequently, those proposing analyses by electrospray should also find material in this review of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakon Leffler
- Section MIG, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 23, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, POB 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Section MIG, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 23, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, POB 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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26
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St-Pierre C, Ouellet M, Giguère D, Ohtake R, Roy R, Sato S, Tremblay MJ. Galectin-1-specific inhibitors as a new class of compounds to treat HIV-1 infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:154-62. [PMID: 22064534 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.05595-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant improvements, antiretroviral therapies against HIV-1 are plagued by a high frequency of therapeutic failures that have been associated with acquisition of drug resistance. We recently reported that HIV-1 exploits a host glycan binding protein, galectin-1, to increase its attachment to host cells, thereby increasing its overall infectivity in susceptible cells. This finding suggests that host molecules such as galectin-1 could reduce the expected efficiency of HIV-1 drugs targeting early steps of the replicative cycle, such as attachment and entry processes. Thus, new classes of drugs that would interfere with galectin-1/HIV-1 interactions could benefit the current antiretroviral therapy. To further explore this possibility, experiments were conducted to discover leading compounds showing specific inhibition of galectin-1 activity in a cellular model of HIV-1 infection. Three lactoside compounds were found to modestly inhibit the interaction of galectin-1 with primary human CD4(+) T cells. Interestingly, these same inhibitors reduced the galectin-1-mediated increase in HIV-1 attachment to target cells in a much more efficient manner. More important, the tested lactoside derivatives also significantly decreased the galectin-1-dependent enhancement of HIV-1 infection. These observations deserve further attention when considering that the development of new drugs to prevent and treat HIV-1 infection remains a priority.
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Bian CF, Zhang Y, Sun H, Li DF, Wang DC. Structural basis for distinct binding properties of the human galectins to Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25007. [PMID: 21949831 PMCID: PMC3176802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF or T) antigen, Galβ1-3GalNAcα1-O-Ser/Thr, is the core 1 structure of O-linked mucin type glycans appearing in tumor-associated glycosylation. The TF antigen occurs in about 90% of human cancer cells and is a potential ligand for the human endogenous galectins. It has been reported that human galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) can perform their cancer-related functions via specifically recognizing TF antigen. However, the detailed binding properties have not been clarified and structurally characterized. In this work, first we identified the distinct TF-binding abilities of Gal-1 and Gal-3. The affinity to TF antigen for Gal-3 is two orders of magnitude higher than that for Gal-1. The structures of Gal-3 carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) complexed with TF antigen and derivatives, TFN and GM1, were then determined. These structures show a unique Glu-water-Arg-water motif-based mode as previously observed in the mushroom galectin AAL. The observation demonstrates that this recognition mode is commonly adopted by TF-binding galectins, either as endogenous or exogenous ones. The detailed structural comparisons between Gal-1 and Gal-3 CRD and mutagenesis experiments reveal that a pentad residue motif (51AHGDA55) at the loop (g1-L4) connecting β-strands 4 and 5 of Gal-1 produces a serious steric hindrance for TF binding. This motif is the main structural basis for Gal-1 with the low affinity to TF antigen. These findings provide the intrinsic structural elements for regulating the TF-binding activity of Gal-1 in some special conditions and also show certain target and approach for mediating some tumor-related bioactivities of human galectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Feng Bian
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Feng Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (D-FL); (D-CW)
| | - Da-Cheng Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (D-FL); (D-CW)
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Kádár Z, Baji Á, Zupkó I, Bartók T, Wölfling J, Frank É. Efficient approach to novel 1α-triazolyl-5α-androstane derivatives as potent antiproliferative agents. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:8051-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06086d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cumpstey I, Ramstadius C, Akhtar T, Goldstein IJ, Winter HC. Non-Glycosidically Linked Pseudodisaccharides: Thioethers, Sulfoxides, Sulfones, Ethers, Selenoethers, and Their Binding to Lectins. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Bokor É, Docsa T, Gergely P, Somsák L. Synthesis of 1-(d-glucopyranosyl)-1,2,3-triazoles and their evaluation as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:1171-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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André S, Giguère D, Dam TK, Brewer F, Gabius HJ, Roy R. Synthesis and screening of a small glycomimetic library for inhibitory activity on medically relevant galactoside-specific lectins in assays of increasing biorelevance. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Gauto DF, Di Lella S, Guardia CMA, Estrin DA, Martí MA. Carbohydrate-binding proteins: Dissecting ligand structures through solvent environment occupancy. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:8717-24. [PMID: 19485380 DOI: 10.1021/jp901196n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Formation of protein ligand complexes is a fundamental phenomenon in biochemistry. During the process, significant solvent reorganization is produced along the contact surface and many water molecules strongly bound to the protein's ligand binding site must be displaced. Both the thermodynamics and kinetics of this process are complex and a clear understanding at the microscopic level has been not achieved so far. Special attention has been paid to the structure of water molecules on carbohydrate recognition sites of various proteins, and many studies support the idea that displacement of these water molecules should have a crucial effect on the binding free energy. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in explicit water solvent is a very promising approach for this type of studies. Using MD simulations combined with statistical mechanics analysis, thermodynamic properties of these water molecules can be computed and analyzed in a comparative view. Using this idea, we developed a set of analysis tools to link solvation with ligand binding in a key carbohydrate binding protein, human galectin-1 (hGal-1). Specifically, we defined water sites (WS) in terms of the thermodynamic properties of water molecules strongly bound to protein surfaces. In the present work, we selected a group of proteins whose ligand bound complexes have been already structurally characterized in order to extend the analysis of the role of the surface associated water molecules in the ligand binding and recognition process. The selected proteins are concanavalin-A (Con-A), galectin-3 (Gal-3), cyclophilin-A (Cyp-A), and two modules CBM40 and CBM32 of the multimodular bacterial sialidase. Our results show that the probability of finding water molecules inside the WS, p(v), with respect to the bulk density is directly correlated to the likeliness of finding an hydroxyl group of the ligand in the protein-ligand complex. This information can be used to analyze in detail the solvation structure of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and its relation to the possible protein ligand complexes and suggests addition of OH-containing functional groups to displace water from high p(v) WS to enhance drugs, specially glycomimetic-drugs, protein affinity, and/or specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Gauto
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Analitica, y Quimica Fisica, INQUIMAE-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
The galectins, a family of lectins, modulate distinct cellular processes, such as cancer progression, immune response and cellular development, through their specific binding to extracellular or intracellular ligands. In the past few years, research has unravelled interactions of different galectins with lipids and glycoproteins in the outer milieu or in the secretory pathway of cells. Interestingly, these lectins do not possess a signalling sequence to enter the endoplasmic reticulum as a starting point for the classical secretory pathway. Instead they use a so-called non-classical mechanism for translocation across the plasma membrane and/or into the lumen of transport vesicles. Here, they stabilize transport platforms for apical trafficking or sort apical glycoproteins into specific vesicle populations. Modes of ligand interaction as well as the modulation of binding activities and trafficking pathways are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Delacour
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Krishnamoorthy L, Bess JW Jr, Preston AB, Nagashima K, Mahal LK. HIV-1 and microvesicles from T cells share a common glycome, arguing for a common origin. Nat Chem Biol 2009; 5:244-50. [PMID: 19234452 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 is a master at deceiving the immune system, usurping host biosynthetic machinery. Although HIV-1 is coated with host-derived glycoproteins only glycosylation of viral gp120 has been described. Herein we utilize lectin microarray technology to analyze the glycome of intact HIV-1 virions. We show that the glycan coat of human T-cell line-derived HIV-1 matches that of native immunomodulatory microvesicles. The carbohydrate composition of both virus and microvesicles is cell-line dependent, suggesting a mechanism to rapidly camouflage the virus within the host. In addition, binding of both virus and microvesicles to antiviral lectins is enriched over the host cell, raising concern about targeting these glycans for therapeutics. This work also sheds light on the binding of HIV-1 to galectin-1, an important human immune lectin. Overall, our work strongly supports the theory that HIV-1 co-opts the exocytic pathway of microvesicles, potentially explaining why eliciting a protective antiviral immune response is difficult.
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Tejler J, Salameh B, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ. Fragment-based development of triazole-substituted O-galactosyl aldoximes with fragment-induced affinity and selectivity for galectin-3. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3982-90. [DOI: 10.1039/b909091f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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von Itzstein M. Disease-associated carbohydrate-recognising proteins and structure-based inhibitor design. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2008; 18:558-66. [PMID: 18706999 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The role of carbohydrate-related pathways in a wide range of clinically significant diseases has provided great impetus for researchers to characterise key proteins as targets for drug discovery. Carbohydrate-recognising proteins essential in the lifecycles of high health impact pathogens and diseases such as diabetes, cancer, autoimmunity, inflammation and in-born errors of metabolism continue to stimulate much interest in both structure elucidation and structure-based drug design. For example, advances in structure-based inhibitor design against the mycobacterial enzyme UDP-galactopyranose mutase offer new hope in next generation anti-tuberculosis chemotherapeutics. The appearance of H5N1 avian influenza virus has re-stimulated much research on influenza virus haemagglutinin and sialidase. These latest developments on influenza virus sialidase have provided new opportunity for the development of Group 1-specific anti-influenza drugs. The role of siglecs and galectins in a range of disease processes such as inflammation, apoptosis and cancer progression has also inspired significant structure-based inhibitor design research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark von Itzstein
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Meldal
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark, and H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Christian Wenzel Tornøe
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark, and H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
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Giguère D, Bonin M, Cloutier P, Patnam R, St-pierre C, Sato S, Roy R. Synthesis of stable and selective inhibitors of human galectins-1 and -3. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7811-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kumar R, Maulik PR, Misra AK. Significant rate accelerated synthesis of glycosyl azides and glycosyl 1,2,3-triazole conjugates. Glycoconj J 2007; 25:595-602. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-007-9093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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