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Flores-Paco P, Vargas-Aliaga A, Guevara MG, Lopera I, Ruiz LR, López-Herrero M, Camús JA, López-González J, Inga-Saavedra E, Montero M, Barneto I, Gómez-España MA, Ruiz E, Ruza M, Armenta A, Palacios A, De La Haba-Rodríguez JR, Aranda E. A new updated prognostic index for patients with brain metastases (BMs) treated with palliative whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in the era of precision oncology. METASNCore project. J Neurooncol 2024; 167:407-413. [PMID: 38539006 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Palliative WBRT is the main treatment for multiple BMs. Recent studies report no benefit in survival after WBRT compared to palliative supportive care in patients (pts) with poor prognosis. A new era of systemic treatment strategies based on targeted therapies are improving the prognosis of patients with BMs. The purpose of this study is to develop a prognostic score in palliative pts with BMs who undergo WBRT in this new setting. METHODS 239 pts with BMs who received palliative WBRT between 2013-2022 in our center were analyzed retrospectively. The score was designed according to the value of the β coefficient of each variable with statistical significance in the multivariate model using Cox regression. Once the score was established, a comparison was performed according to Kaplan-Meier and was analyzed by log-rank test. RESULTS 149 pts (62.3%) were male and median (m) age was 60 years. 139 (58,2%) were lung cancer and 35 (14,6%) breast cancer. All patients received 30Gys in 10 sessions. m overall survival (OS) was 3,74 months (ms). 37 pts (15,5%) had a specific target mutation. We found that 62 pts were in group < 4 points with mOS 6,89 ms (CI 95% 3,18-10,62), 84 in group 4-7 points with mOS 4,01 ms (CI 95% 3,40-4,62) and 92 pts in group > 7 points with mOS 2,72 ms (CI 95% 1,93-3,52) (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONS METASNCore items are associated with OS and they could be useful to select palliative pts to receive WBRT. More studies are necessary to corroborate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Flores-Paco
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Medical School, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alicia Vargas-Aliaga
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Medical School, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - María Geraldina Guevara
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Medical School, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Lucía Rodríguez Ruiz
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Medical School, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - María López-Herrero
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Medical School, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan Adrián Camús
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Medical School, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Javier López-González
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Medical School, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Inga-Saavedra
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Medical School, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Marina Montero
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Medical School, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Isidoro Barneto
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Medical School, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Mª Auxiliadora Gómez-España
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Medical School, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Estela Ruiz
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Medical School, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Marta Ruza
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Medical School, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana Armenta
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Medical School, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Amalia Palacios
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Medical School, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan R De La Haba-Rodríguez
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain.
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.
- Medical School, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Enrique Aranda
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Medical School, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Ishikawa Y, Umezawa R, Yamamoto T, Takahashi N, Takeda K, Suzuki Y, Kishida K, Omata S, Teramura S, Ito K, Yamada T, Jingu K. Glasgow prognostic score for assessing the efficacy of whole-brain radiation therapy in cases of recursive partitioning analysis class 2 and class 3 multiple brain metastases: a retrospective study. Acta Neurol Belg 2024; 124:231-239. [PMID: 37747688 PMCID: PMC10874307 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) may not be beneficial for patients with brain metastases (BMs). The Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) is a suggested prognostic factor for malignancies. However, GPS has never been assessed in patients with BMs who have undergone WBRT. The purpose of this study was to determine whether GPS can be used to identify subgroups of patients with BMs who have a poor prognosis, such as recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) Class 2 and Class 3, and who will not receive clinical prognostic benefits from WBRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 180 Japanese patients with BMs were treated with WBRT between May 2008 and October 2015. We examined GPS, age, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), RPA, graded prognostic assessment (GPA), number of lesions, tumor size, history of brain surgery, presence of clinical symptoms, and radiation doses. RESULTS The overall median survival time (MST) was 6.1 months. seventeen patients (9.4%) were alive more than 2 years after WBRT. In univariate analysis, KPS ≤ 70 (p = 0.0066), GPA class 0-2 (p = 0.0008), > 3 BMs (p = 0.012), > 4 BMs (p = 0.02), patients who received ≥ 3 Gy per fraction (p = 0.0068), GPS ≥ 1 (p = 0.0003), and GPS ≥ 2 (p = 0.0009) were found to significantly decrease the MST. Patients who had brain surgery before WBRT (p = 0.036) had a longer survival. On multivariate analysis, GPS ≥ 1 (p = 0.008) was found to significantly decrease MST. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that GPS ≥ 1 indicates a poor prognosis in patients undergoing WBRT for intermediate and poor prognosis BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yojiro Ishikawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-chou, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
- Division of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan.
| | - Rei Umezawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-chou, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takaya Yamamoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-chou, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-chou, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takeda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Ogawara, 989-1253, Japan
| | - Yu Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-chou, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Keita Kishida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-chou, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - So Omata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-chou, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Satoshi Teramura
- Division of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Kengo Ito
- Division of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamada
- Division of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Keiichi Jingu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-chou, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
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Ribeiro LM, Bomtempo FF, Rocha RB, Telles JPM, Neto EB, Figueiredo EG. Development and adaptations of the Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA) scale: a systematic review. Clin Exp Metastasis 2023; 40:445-463. [PMID: 37819546 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA) score has the best accuracy among prognostic scales for patients with brain metastases (BM). A wide range of GPA-derived scales have been established to different types of primary tumor BM. However, there is a high variability between them, and their characteristics have not been described altogether yet. We aim to summarize the features of the existent GPA-derived scales and to compare their predictor factors and their uses in clinical setting. Medline was searched from inception until January 2023 to identify studies related to the development, update, or validation of GPA. The initial search yielded 1,083 results. 16 original studies and 16 validation studies were included, comprising a total of 33,348 patients. 13 different scales were assessed, including: GPA, Diagnosis-Specific GPA, Extracranial Score, Lung-molGPA, Updated Renal GPA, Updated Gastrointestinal GPA, Modified Breast GPA, Integrated Melanoma GPA, Melanoma Mol GPA, Sarcoma GPA, Hepatocellular Carcinoma GPA, Colorectal Cancer GPA, and Uterine Cancer GPA. The most prevalent prognostic predictors were age, Karnofsky Performance Status, number of BM, and presence or absence of extracranial metastases. Treatment modalities consisted of whole brain radiation therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, surgery, cranial radiotherapy, gamma knife radiosurgery, and BRAF inhibitor therapy. Median survival rates with no treatment and with a specific treatment ranged from 6.1 weeks to 33 months and from 3.1 to 21 months, respectively. Original GPA and GPA-derived scales are valid prognostic tools, but with heterogeneous survival results when compared to each other. More studies are needed to improve scientific evidence of these scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eliseu Becco Neto
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Placzke J, Teterycz P, Quaglino P, Cybulska-Stopa B, Tucci M, Rubatto M, Skora T, Interno V, Rosinska M, Borkowska A, Szumera-Cieckiewicz A, Mandala M, Rutkowski P. The Analysis of Trends in Survival for Patients with Melanoma Brain Metastases with Introduction of Novel Therapeutic Options before the Era of Combined Immunotherapy-Multicenter Italian-Polish Report. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 36497248 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stage IV melanoma patients develop melanoma brain metastases (MBM) in 50% of cases. Their prognosis is improving, and its understanding outside the context of clinical trials is relevant. We have retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, course of treatment, and outcomes of 531 subsequent stage IV melanoma patients with BM treated in five reference Italian and Polish melanoma centers between 2014 and 2021. Patients with MBM after 2017 had a better prognosis, with a significantly improved median of overall survival (OS) after 2017 in the worst mol-GPA prognostic groups (mol-GPA ≤ 2): a median OS >6 months and HR 0.76 vs. those treated before 2017 (CI: 0.60−0.97, p = 0.027). In our prognostic model, mol-GPA was highly predictive for survival, and symptoms without steroid use did not have prognostic significance. Local therapy significantly improved survival regardless of the year of diagnosis (treated before or after 2017), with median survival >12 months. Systemic therapy improved outcomes when it was combined with local therapy. Local surgery was associated with improved OS regardless of the timing related to treatment start (i.e., before or after 30 days from MBM diagnosis). Local and systemic treatment significantly prolong survival for the poorest mol-GPA prognosis. Use of modern treatment modalities is justified in all mol-GPA prognostic groups.
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Kraft J, van Timmeren JE, Frei S, Mayinger M, Borsky K, Kirchner C, Stark LS, Tanadini-Lang S, Wolpert F, Weller M, Woodruff HC, Guckenberger M, Andratschke N. Comprehensive summary and retrospective evaluation of prognostic scores for patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases treated with upfront radiosurgery in a modern patient collective. Radiother Oncol 2022; 172:23-31. [PMID: 35489445 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous prognostic scores (PS) for patients with brain metastases (BM) have been developed. Recently, PS based on laboratory parameters were introduced to better predict overall survival (OS). A comprehensive comparison of the wide range of scores in a modern patient collective is still missing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve PS considering clinical parameters only at the time of BM diagnosis were calculated for 470 patients receiving upfront SRS between January 2014 and March 2020. In a subcohort of 310 patients where a full laboratory dataset was available five additional prognostic scores were compared. Restricted mean survival time (RMST), partial likelihood and c-index were calculated as metrics for performance evaluation. Univariable and multivariable analysis were used to identify prognostic factors for OS. RESULTS The median OS of the whole cohort was 15.8 months (95% C.I.: 13.4-20.1). All prognostic scores performed well in separating patients into different prognostic groups. RPA achieved the highest c-index, whereas GGS achieved highest partial likelihood with evaluation in the total cohort. With incorporation of the laboratory scores the recently suggested EC-GPA achieved highest c-index and highest partial likelihood. A prognostic score solely based on the assessment of performance status achieved considerable high performance as either 3- or 4-tiered score. Multivariable analysis revealed performance status, systemic disease status and laboratory parameters to be significantly associated with OS among variates included in prognostic scores. CONCLUSION Although recent PS incorporating laboratory parameters show convincing performance in predicting overall survival, older scores relying on clinical parameters only are still valid and appealing as they are easier to calculate, and as overall performance is almost equal. Moreover, a score just based on performance status is not significantly inferior and should at least be assessed for informed decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kraft
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Janita E van Timmeren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Frei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Mayinger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kim Borsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corinna Kirchner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Sabrina Stark
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Tanadini-Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Wolpert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henry C Woodruff
- The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology, Maastricht
| | - Matthias Guckenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolaus Andratschke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Kutzko JH, Dadwal P, Holt T, Rahman MA, Zahir SF, Hickey B. Defining the expected 30-day mortality for patients undergoing palliative radiotherapy: a meta-analysis. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Harland A, Liu X, Ghirardello M, Galan MC, Perks CM, Kurian KM. Glioma Stem-Like Cells and Metabolism: Potential for Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743814. [PMID: 34532295 PMCID: PMC8438230 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) were first described as a population which may in part be resistant to traditional chemotherapeutic therapies and responsible for tumour regrowth. Knowledge of the underlying metabolic complexity governing GSC growth and function may point to potential differences between GSCs and the tumour bulk which could be harnessed clinically. There is an increasing interest in the direct/indirect targeting or reprogramming of GSC metabolism as a potential novel therapeutic approach in the adjuvant or recurrent setting to help overcome resistance which may be mediated by GSCs. In this review we will discuss stem-like models, interaction between metabolism and GSCs, and potential current and future strategies for overcoming GSC resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Harland
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Xia Liu
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Ghirardello
- Galan Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Carmen Galan
- Galan Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M Perks
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Nieder C, Mannsåker B, Yobuta R. Validation of a Graded Prognostic Model in Patients With Brain Metastases Treated With Whole-brain Radiotherapy Instead of Radiosurgery. In Vivo 2021; 35:1569-1572. [PMID: 33910837 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to analyze the survival predictions obtained from a recent graded prognostic model developed and validated in Japan. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective single-institution analysis of 249 patients, managed with whole-brain radiotherapy for brain metastases. The sum of scores was calculated as in the Japanese study. The following parameters were included: number of brain metastases, volume of the largest lesion, sex, Karnofsky performance status, primary cancer type, control of primary cancer, and presence of extra-cerebral metastases. RESULTS Median overall survival was 3.0 months (95% CI= 2.6-3.4 months). The median sum of scores was 12, range=0-29. Statistically significant differences were observed between all prognostic strata. CONCLUSION The graded prognostic model is also applicable to patients treated with whole-brain rather than stereotactic radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Nieder
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway; .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bård Mannsåker
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | - Rosalba Yobuta
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
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Marchand-Crety C, Riverain J, Drouet Y, Felici F, Jeandidier CL, Thariat J, Servagi-Vernat S. A new model outperforming RPA and DS-GPA scores for individualized survival prediction of patients following whole brain irradiation for brain metastasis. Cancer Radiother 2021; 25:447-456. [PMID: 33678525 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Survival after whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) in patients with multiple brain metastases (BM) is currently predicted by group-based scoring systems with limited usability for decision. We aimed to develop a more relevant individualized predictive model than Radiation Therapy Oncology Group - Recursive Partitioning Analysis (RTOG-RPA) and Diagnosis - Specific Graded Prognostic Assessment (DS-GPA) for patients with limited life-expectancy. METHODS Based on a Discovery cohort of patients undergoing WBRT, multivariable piecewise Cox regression models with time cut-offs at 1 and 3 months were developed to predict overall survival (OS). A final parsimonious model was defined, and an external validation cohort was used to assess its discrimination and calibration at one, six, and 12 months. RESULTS In the 173-patient Discovery cohort, the majority of patients had primary lung cancer (56%), presence of extracranial disease (ECD) (75%), Eastern Cooperative Oncolgy Group - Performance Status (ECOG-PS) score 1 (41%) and no intracranial hypertension (ICH) (74%). Most patients were classified as the RPA class II (48%). The final piecewise Cox model was based on primary site, age, ECD, ECOG-PS and ICH. An external validation of the model was carried out using a cohort of 79 patients. Individualized survival estimates obtained with this model outperformed the RPA and DS-GPA scores for overall survival prediction at 1-month, 6-months and 12- months in both Discovery and Validation cohorts. A R/Shiny web application was developed to obtain individualized predictions for new patients, providing an easy-to-use tool for clinicians and researchers. CONCLUSION Our model provides individualized estimates of survival for poor prognosis patients undergoing WBRT, outperforming actual scoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marchand-Crety
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Godinot, Reims, France.
| | - J Riverain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre François Baclesse, ARCHADE, Caen, France; Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire IN2P3/ENSICAEN, France
| | - Y Drouet
- Centre Léon Bérard, Département Prévention et Santé Publique, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5558 LBBE, Villeurbanne, France
| | - F Felici
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Godinot, Reims, France
| | - C L Jeandidier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Paul Strauss, Unicancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - J Thariat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre François Baclesse, ARCHADE, Caen, France; Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire IN2P3/ENSICAEN, France; UMR6534 Unicaen - Normandie Université, France
| | - S Servagi-Vernat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Godinot, Reims, France
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Nieder C, Mehta MP, Guckenberger M, Gaspar LE, Rusthoven CG, Sahgal A, Grosu AL, De Ruysscher D. Assessment of extracranial metastatic disease in patients with brain metastases: How much effort is needed in the context of evolving survival prediction models? Radiother Oncol 2021; 159:17-20. [PMID: 33675870 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Survival prediction models may serve as decision-support tools for clinicians who have to assign the right treatment to each patient, in a manner whereby harmful over- or undertreatment is avoided as much as possible. Current models differ regarding their components, the overall number of components and the weighting of individual components. Some of the components are easy to assess, such as age or primary tumor type. Others carry the risk of inter-assessor inconsistency and time-dependent variation. The present publication focuses on issues related to assessment of extracranial metastases and potential surrogates, e.g. blood biomarkers. It identifies areas of controversy and provides recommendations for future research projects, which may contribute to prognostic models with improved accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Nieder
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Minesh P Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, USA
| | - Matthias Guckenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laurie E Gaspar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado and Banner MDAnderson of Northern Colorado, USA
| | - Chad G Rusthoven
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Anca L Grosu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Medical Faculty, University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk De Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Clinic), Maastricht University Medical Center, GROW, The Netherlands
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11
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Nieder C, Yobuta R, Mannsåker B. Expansion of the LabBM Score: Is the LabPS the Best Tool Predicting Survival in Patients With Brain Metastases? Am J Clin Oncol 2021; 44:53-7. [PMID: 33350680 DOI: 10.1097/COC.0000000000000784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study were to improve the 3-tiered, purely biomarker-based LabBM score, which predicts the survival of patients with brain metastases, by adding the well-established prognostic factor performance status (PS), and to define its role in comparison with the recently proposed Extracranial-Graded Prognostic Assessment score, which is based on the well-known Diagnosis-specific Graded Prognostic Assessment and 2 of the same biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective single-institution analysis of 212 patients, managed with upfront brain irradiation. Survival was stratified by LabBM and LabPS score. Each included serum hemoglobin, platelets, albumin, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase (plus PS for the LabPS). Zero, 0.5, or 1 point was assigned and the final point sum calculated. A higher point sum indicates shorter survival. RESULTS The new LabPS score predicted overall survival very well (median: 12.1 to 0.7 mo, 1-y rate: 52% to 0%), P=0.0001. However, the group with the poorest prognosis (3 or 3.5 points) was very small (4%). Most patients with comparably short survival had a lower point sum. The LabPS score failed to outperform the recently proposed Extracranial-Graded Prognostic Assessment score. CONCLUSIONS Integration of blood biomarkers should be considered when attempting to develop improved scores. Additional research is needed to improve the tools which predict short survival, because many of these patients continue to go undetected with all available scores.
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Stenman M, Benmakhlouf H, Wersäll P, Johnstone P, Hatiboglu MA, Mayer-da-Silva J, Harmenberg U, Lindskog M, Sinclair G. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the brain: optimizing patient selection for gamma knife radiosurgery. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:333-342. [PMID: 32902689 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of single-fraction gamma knife radiosurgery (sf-GKRS) on patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) brain metastases (BM) in the era of targeted agents (TA) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are insufficiently studied. METHODS AND MATERIALS Clear cell metastatic RCC patients treated with sf-GKRS due to BM in 2005-2014 at three European centres were retrospectively analysed (n = 43). Median follow-up was 56 months. Ninety-five percent had prior nephrectomy, 53% synchronous metastasis and 86% extracranial disease at first sf-GKRS. Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ranged from 60 to 100%. Outcome measures were overall survival (OS), local control (LC) and adverse radiation effects (ARE). RESULTS One hundred and ninety-four targets were irradiated. The median number of targets at first sf-GKRS was two. The median prescription dose was 22.0 Gy. Thirty-seven percent had repeated sf-GKRS. Eighty-eight percent received TA. LC rates at 12 and 18 months were 97% and 90%. Median OS from the first sf-GKRS was 15.7 months. Low serum albumin (HR for death 5.3), corticosteroid use pre-sf-GKRS (HR for death 5.8) and KPS < 80 (HR for death 9.1) were independently associated with worse OS. No further prognostic information was gleaned from MSKCC risk group, synchronous metastasis, age, number of BM or extracranial metastases. Other prognostic scores for BM radiosurgery, including DS-GPA, renal-GPA, LLV-SIR and CITV-SIR, again, did not add further prognostic value. ARE were seldom symptomatic and were associated with tumour volume, 10-Gy volume and pre-treatment perifocal oedema. ARE were less common among patients treated with TA within 1 month of sf-GKRS. CONCLUSIONS We identified albumin, corticosteroid use and KPS as independent prognostic factors for sf-GKRS of clear cell RCC BM. Studies focusing on the prognostic significance of albumin in sf-GKRS are rare. Further studies with a larger number of patients are warranted to confirm the above analytical outcome. Also, in keeping with previous studies, our data showed optimal rates of local tumour control and limited toxicity post radiosurgery, rendering GKRS the tool of choice in the management of RCC BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stenman
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Benmakhlouf
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Wersäll
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Johnstone
- Department of Oncology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - M A Hatiboglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - J Mayer-da-Silva
- Centro Gamma Knife, CUF Infante Santo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - U Harmenberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Sinclair
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology, North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK.
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13
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Nieder C, Haukland EC, Mannsaker B, Yobuta R. Palliative Radiotherapy During the Last Month of Life: Have COVID-19 Recommendations Led to Reduced Utilization? In Vivo 2021; 35:649-652. [PMID: 33402522 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The study aimed to evaluate practice changes in the time period of the early wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective single institution study. We defined palliative radiotherapy (PRT) initiated before Saturday, March 14th as pre-COVID and PRT initiated later as during-COVID (through June 30th). RESULTS National COVID-19 recommendations led to a significant decrease in PRT with 10 or more fractions, while re-irradiation and radiotherapy during the final 30 days of life were equally common before and after these recommendations had been issued in March 2020. CONCLUSION Rapid adoption of modified PRT regimens was feasible. However, the challenge of overtreatment in the final phase of the disease, due to inaccurate survival prediction, persisted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Nieder
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway; .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ellinor C Haukland
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bard Mannsaker
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | - Rosalba Yobuta
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
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14
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Nieder C, Yobuta R, Mannsåker B. LabBM Score and Extracranial Score As New Tools for Predicting Survival in Patients with Brain Metastases Treated with Focal Radiotherapy. Cureus 2020; 12:e7633. [PMID: 32399365 PMCID: PMC7213767 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two recently validated, untraditional prognostic scores include serum albumin and lactate dehydrogenase, among other parameters. The latter are hemoglobin, platelet counts, and C-reactive protein (three-tiered LabBM score), whereas the four-tiered extracranial score includes more than one extracranial site of metastatic involvement. Until now, head-to-head comparisons of these two scores in patients treated with focal radiotherapy for newly diagnosed brain metastases are not available. Methods This was a retrospective single-institution analysis of 51 patients, most of whom were managed with first-line stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Survival was stratified by the LabBM score and extracranial score. Results Both scores predicted survival, but the analyses were hampered by small subgroups. In particular, very few patients belonged to the unfavorable groups. Survival shorter than two months, which was recorded in 14%, was not well predicted by the LabBM score and extracranial score. Conclusions Very few patients treated with focal radiotherapy (largely SRS) had unfavorable prognostic features according to the two untraditional scores, which do not include the number of brain metastases and performance status. Additional research is needed to improve the tools that predict short survival because overtreatment during the terminal phase of metastatic disease continues to represent a relevant issue.
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15
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Nieder C, Hess S, Lewitzki V. External Validation of a Prognostic Score for Patients with Brain Metastases: Extended Diagnosis-Specific Graded Prognostic Assessment. Oncol Res Treat 2020; 43:221-227. [PMID: 32213772 DOI: 10.1159/000506954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study was the external validation of an extended variant of the four-tiered diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment (DS-GPA) that includes more information about extracranial disease burden and blood test results, and predicts survival of patients with brain metastases. The extracranial DS-GPA (EC-GPA) includes serum albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, and number of extracranial organs involved. Originally, the score was developed in Germany. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of 236 patients with brain metastases treated with primary whole-brain radiotherapy in North-Norway was performed (independent external validation cohort). RESULTS The four-tiered EC-GPA score showed good discrimination between all prognostic groups (log-rank test p < 0.05 for all pairwise comparisons). One-year survival was 0, 11, 30, and 100%, respectively. Median survival was 0.7 months (95% CI, 0.5-0.9) in the worst prognostic group, with a hazard ratio for death of 44.31 (95% CI, 5.78-339.50) compared to the best group. In the German database, the corresponding HR was 31.64 (median survival 0.4 months). The remaining hazard ratios in this validation study were 7.13 and 12.10, compared with 4.84 and 9.26 in the score development study. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an independent validation of the EC-GPA, which was the best prognostic model for defining patients who did not benefit from radiation therapy of brain metastases in terms of overall survival in the original German study. The proposed modification of the established DS-GPA should undergo further validation in multi-institutional databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Nieder
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway, .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway,
| | - Sebastian Hess
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Victor Lewitzki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Arscott WT, Emmett J, Ghiam AF, Jones JA. Palliative Radiotherapy: Inpatients, Outpatients, and the Changing Role of Supportive Care in Radiation Oncology. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2019; 34:253-277. [PMID: 31739947 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Palliative radiotherapy is an effective treatment in alleviating many symptoms of advanced cancer. Short courses of radiotherapy provide rapid symptom relief and minimize impact on patients. Patients referred for palliative radiotherapy have many concerns beyond radiotherapy; often, these concerns are not fully addressed in traditional radiotherapy clinics. Discussions of prognosis, patient goals, and concerns are areas for improved collaboration. Innovative, dedicated palliative radiotherapy programs have developed over the past 20 years to provide holistic care to patients referred for palliative radiotherapy and have improved patient-focused outcomes. Advanced radiotherapy techniques may provide opportunities to further improve palliative radiotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaclyn Emmett
- Inpatient Oncology, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alireza Fotouhi Ghiam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA), University of British Columbia, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Joshua A Jones
- Palliative Radiotherapy Service, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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17
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Imaizumi J, Shida D, Narita Y, Miyakita Y, Tanabe T, Takashima A, Boku N, Igaki H, Itami J, Kanemitsu Y. Prognostic factors of brain metastases from colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:755. [PMID: 31366387 PMCID: PMC6670227 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5973-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background For brain metastases from non-specific primary tumors, the most frequently used and validated clinical prognostic assessment tool is Karnofsky performance status (KPS). Given the lack of prognostic factors of brain metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC) other than KPS, this study aimed to identify new prognostic factors. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care cancer center. Subjects were patients with brain metastases from CRC among all patients who received initial treatment for CRC at the National Cancer Center Hospital from 1997 to 2015 (n = 7147). Prognostic clinicopathological variables for overall survival (OS) were investigated. Results There were 68 consecutive patients with brain metastases from CRC, corresponding to 1.0% of all patients with CRC during the study period. Median survival time was 6.8 months. One-year and 3-year OS rates were 28.0 and 10.1%, respectively. Among the six covariates tested (age, KPS, presence of extracranial metastases, control of primary lesion, number of brain metastases, and history of chemotherapy), multivariate analysis revealed KPS (score ≥ 70), number of brain metastases (1–3), and no history of chemotherapy to be independent factors associated with better prognosis. Conclusions In addition to KPS, the number of brain lesions and history of chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for OS in patients with brain metastases from CRC. An awareness of these factors may help gastrointestinal surgeons make appropriate choices in the treatment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Imaizumi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Dai Shida
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Yasuji Miyakita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Taro Tanabe
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Atsuo Takashima
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Narikazu Boku
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Igaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Jun Itami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Yukihide Kanemitsu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
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Nieder C, Dalhaug A, Pawinski A. External Validation of the LabBM Score in Patients With Brain Metastases. J Clin Med Res 2019; 11:321-325. [PMID: 31019625 PMCID: PMC6469893 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to validate the prognostic impact of the recently introduced three-tiered LabBM score in patients with brain metastases. In contrast to the previous development and validation cohorts, the present cohort did not include patients treated with primary surgery and/or radiosurgery. The score is based on hemoglobin, platelet counts, albumin, C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase. Methods This was a retrospective single institution analysis. Overall, 167 patients managed with first-line whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Results The LabBM score significantly predicted overall survival (median 4.0, 2.9 and 1.5 months, respectively). Conclusions The LabBM score is also valid in a patient population that differs from the previously studied cohorts, that is patients who were judged to be better candidates for WBRT than surgery or radiosurgery. As these patients in general represent a less favorable subset, their median survival was shorter than reported in the development cohort (11, 7 and 3 months, respectively). Future studies should examine whether or not combinations of the LabBM and other scores, for example, lung-molGPA and melanoma-molGPA, improve the clinical value of single scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Nieder
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Astrid Dalhaug
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodo, Norway
| | - Adam Pawinski
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodo, Norway
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19
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Nieder C, Dalhaug A, Pawinski A. Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Contributes to Prognostic Assessment in Patients With Oligometastatic Cancer and Brain Involvement. In Vivo 2019; 33:229-232. [PMID: 30587628 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic impact of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients with oligometastatic brain metastases, arbitrarily defined as max. Four brain lesions and 5 metastatic lesions overall. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective single institution analysis. Overall, 42 patients were identified from a prospectively maintained database. RESULTS Seventeen patients (40%) had extracranial metastases. Twelve patients (29%) had elevated LDH (≥255 U/l). Their median survival was significantly shorter than that of patients with normal LDH. Due to an interaction with performance status, this result was separately confirmed in patients with performance status ≥70. CONCLUSION Oligometastatic disease is not always correctly diagnosed, because all radiological modalities are limited by certain thresholds for detection of small metastases. We hypothesize that LDH is associated with survival, because this biomarker may reflect the total burden of malignant disease. Future studies should examine whether or not ablative local treatment of oligometastases is warranted in patients with elevated LDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Nieder
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Astrid Dalhaug
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | - Adam Pawinski
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
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20
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Lewitzki V, Klement RJ, Hess S, Kosmala R, Nieder C, Flentje M. External validation of a prognostic score predicting overall survival for patients with brain metastases based on extracranial factors. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2019; 16:15-20. [PMID: 30906886 PMCID: PMC6411583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide an external validation of the extracranial prognostic score developed by Nieder et al. This extracranial score could effectively define the patients with very short survival. A new combination of extracranial score with DS-GPA-score achieved an even better discrimination
Purpose The aim of our study was an external validation of the extracranial prognostic score predicting survival of patients with brain metastases receiving cranial irradiation on data from a single institution. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis of 524 patients with brain metastases treated with cranial radiotherapy in a single tertiary center was performed. Three predictive scores were calculated and assessed for their ability to discriminate prognostic groups: (i) The Recursive Partitioning Analysis (RPA) score (available for 524 patients); (ii) the Diagnosis-Specific Graded Prognostic Assessment (DS-GPA) score (464 patients); (iii) the extracranial score (EC-S) developed by Nieder et al. which is based on serum albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the number of extracranial organs involved (157 patients). Discrimination of each score was assessed by Gönen & Heller’s concordance probability estimate (CPE). The calibration was checked by comparing median survival estimates of each risk group with the corresponding values of the datasets from which the scores were derived. Finally, a multivariable Cox regression model was built by using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator on a large number of variables including all three scores. Results With a CPE = 0.626 ± 0.022, the EC-S had the best discriminatory power. The EC-S also appeared to be better calibrated and had the best ability to separate patients with a very poor prognosis: patients with combination of low albumin, elevated LDH and more than 1 extracranial organ with metastatic involvement had a median survival time of only 0.6 months (CI95% 0.1–1.1) and a hazard ratio for death of 6.36 (2.67–15.14) compared to patients with no extracranial metastases and normal levels of albumin and LDH. In the multivariable Cox model serum albumin, LDH, treatment modality, DS-GPA and EC-S were retained as prognostic factors. An ad hoc combination of both DS-GPA and EC-S into a new score was possible for 134 patients and indicated a slightly better discrimination (CPE = 0.636 ± 0.023) than either DS-GPA or EC-S alone. Conclusions This study provides an independent validation of the prognostic EC-S which was the best prognostic model for defining the patients who obviously did not benefit from radiation therapy of brain metastases in terms of overall survival. The combination of the EC-S with the established DS-GPA score resulted in a slight increase in discriminatory ability. The new EC-GPA score needs further validation in larger patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Lewitzki
- University of Würzburg, Department of Radiation Oncology, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer J Klement
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, 97422 Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hess
- University of Würzburg, Department of Radiation Oncology, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rebekka Kosmala
- University of Würzburg, Department of Radiation Oncology, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Nieder
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, 8092 Bodø, Norway
| | - Michael Flentje
- University of Würzburg, Department of Radiation Oncology, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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Nieder C, Haukland E, Mannsåker B, Pawinski AR, Yobuta R, Dalhaug A. Presence of Brain Metastases at Initial Diagnosis of Cancer: Patient Characteristics and Outcome. Cureus 2019; 11:e4113. [PMID: 31058007 PMCID: PMC6476608 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the characteristics of patients who present with brain metastases already at first diagnosis of cancer and to evaluate overall survival (OS) and long-term survival. Methods Retrospective uni- and multivariate analyses in a group of 84 patients treated with different approaches. Results With respect to primary cancer type, the largest entities were adenocarcinoma non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (34.5 and 21.4%, respectively). The most common diagnostic setting was symptomatic brain metastases (64 patients, 76.2%). Median OS was 7.2 months (one-year survival rate 31%). Four patients survived for at least three years, all had solitary metastases. The best survival was observed in the group managed with neurosurgical resection, median 17.7 months. Systemic treatment was also associated with better survival (median 9.7 vs. 2.8 months, p = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed two prognostic baseline factors for OS, Karnofsky performance status (KPS) and number of brain metastases. Neurologic cause of death was uncommon (n = 14, 17%). Conclusion Long-term survival was limited and observed exclusively in the setting of a solitary brain metastasis. In patients with good KPS and limited number of brain metastases, systemic treatment as well as effective local treatment, such as resection and/or radiotherapy with sufficiently high equivalent dose, is warranted.
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Abstract
The anaerobic metabolism of glucose by cancer cells, even under well-oxygenated conditions, has been documented by Otto Warburg as early as 1927. Micro-environmental hypoxia and intracellular pathways activating the hypoxia-related gene response, shift cancer cell metabolism to anaerobic pathways. In the current review, we focus on a major enzyme involved in anaerobic transformation of pyruvate to lactate, namely lactate dehydrogenase 5 (LDH5). The value of LDH5 as a marker of prognosis of cancer patients, as a predictor of response to radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy and, finally, as a major target for cancer treatment and radio-sensitization is reported and discussed. Clinical, translational and experimental data supporting the uniqueness of the LDHA gene and its product LDH5 isoenzyme are summarized and future directions for a metabolic treatment of cancer are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Koukourakis
- a Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | - Alexandra Giatromanolaki
- b Department of Pathology , Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis , Greece
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Agarwal JP, Chakraborty S, Laskar SG, Mummudi N, Patil VM, Upasani M, Prabhash K, Noronha V, Joshi A, Purandare N, Tandon S, Arora J, Badhe R. Applying the QUARTZ Trial Results in Clinical Practice: Development of a Prognostic Model Predicting Poor Outcomes for Non-small Cell Lung Cancers with Brain Metastases. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018; 30:382-390. [PMID: 29499878 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The role of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) has been questioned. However, no reliable criteria exist to identify patients who do not benefit from WBRT. The objective of the current study was to develop a prognostic model to identify such patients whose survival matches that of the Quality of Life after Treatment for Brain Metastases (QUARTZ) study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Outcome data of patients with NSCLC with brain metastases undergoing WBRT enrolled in a prospective observational study in a tertiary cancer centre were used to develop a prognostic model. Baseline clinico-radiological factors were used for development of the model. The model was internally validated and calibration accuracy was checked for prediction of 70 day mortality. The generated prognostic model was presented as a nomogram. RESULTS The median overall survival of 140 patients enrolled in the study was 166 days (95% confidence interval 108-242 days). The prognostic model identified gender, Karnofsky performance status and epidermal growth factor receptor activating mutation status as significant factors influencing overall survival. The model showed a modest discriminative ability with an optimism-corrected C-index of 0.64. However, model calibration error did reveal a moderate degree of calibration error. The high-risk subgroup identified by the model had a median overall survival of 67 days (95% confidence interval 56-101 days), which was similar to that observed in the QUARTZ trial. CONCLUSION This prognostic model derived from traditional clinico-radiological features had a modest ability to identify patients with poor prognosis who may not benefit from WBRT. However, the high-risk subgroup identified using this prognostic model had a survival similar to that observed for patients in the QUARTZ trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Agarwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - S Chakraborty
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India.
| | - S G Laskar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - N Mummudi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - V M Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - M Upasani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - K Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - V Noronha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - A Joshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - N Purandare
- Department of Radiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - S Tandon
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - J Arora
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - R Badhe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
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24
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Révész D, Engelhardt EG, Tamminga JJ, Schramel FMNH, Onwuteaka-Philipsen BD, van de Garde EMW, Steyerberg EW, Jansma EP, De Vet HCW, Coupé VMH. Decision support systems for incurable non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2017; 17:144. [PMID: 28969629 PMCID: PMC5625762 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-017-0542-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individually tailored cancer treatment is essential to ensure optimal treatment and resource use. Treatments for incurable metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are evolving rapidly, and decision support systems (DSS) for this patient population have been developed to balance benefits and harms for decision-making. The aim of this systematic review was to inventory DSS for stage IIIB/IV NSCLC patients. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Library. DSS were described extensively, including their predictors, model performances (i.e., discriminative ability and calibration), levels of validation and user friendliness. RESULTS The systematic search yielded 3531 articles. In total, 67 articles were included after additional reference tracking. The 39 identified DSS aim to predict overall survival and/or progression-free survival, but give no information about toxicity or cost-effectiveness. Various predictors were incorporated, such as performance status, serum and inflammatory markers, and patient and tumor characteristics. Some DSS were developed for the entire incurable NSCLC population, whereas others were specifically for patients with brain or spinal metastases. Few DSS had been validated externally using recent clinical data, and the discrimination and calibration were often poor. CONCLUSIONS Many DSS have been developed for incurable NSCLC patients, but DSS are still lacking that are up-to-date with a good model performance, while covering the entire treatment spectrum. Future DSS should incorporate genetic and biological markers based on state-of-the-art evidence, and compare multiple treatment options to estimate survival, toxicity and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Révész
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. G. Engelhardt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. J. Tamminga
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, and Palliative Care Expertise Centre, The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+), VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F. M. N. H. Schramel
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Department of Lung Diseases and Treatment, St. Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435 CM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - B. D. Onwuteaka-Philipsen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. M. W. van de Garde
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435 CM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Steyerberg
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Medical Decision Making, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. P. Jansma
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- VU University Medical Center, Medical Information and Library, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. C. W. De Vet
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V. M. H. Coupé
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Nieder C, Hintz M, Oehlke O, Bilger A, Grosu AL. Validation of the graded prognostic assessment for lung cancer with brain metastases using molecular markers (lung-molGPA). Radiat Oncol 2017. [PMID: 28651600 PMCID: PMC5483956 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-017-0844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer have limited survival, while others survive for several years, depending on patterns of spread, EGFR and ALK alterations, among others. The purpose of this study was to validate a new prognostic model (Lung-molGPA) originally derived from a North American database. Patients and methods This retrospective study included 269 German and Norwegian patients treated with individualized approaches, always including brain radiotherapy. Information about age, extracranial spread, number of brain metastases, performance status, histology, EGFR and ALK alterations was collected. The Lung-molGPA score was calculated as described by Sperduto et al. Results Median survival was 5.4 months. The score predicted survival in patients with adenocarcinoma histology and those with other types. For example, median survival was 3.0, 6.2, 14.7 and 25.0 months in the 4 different prognostic strata for adenocarcinoma. The corresponding figures were 2.4, 5.5 and 12.5 months in the 3 different prognostic strata for non-adenocarcinoma. Conclusions These results confirm the validity of the Lung-molGPA in an independent dataset from a different geographical region. However, median survival was shorter in 6 of 7 prognostic strata. Potential explanations include lead time bias and differences in treatment selection, both brain metastases-directed and systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Nieder
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, 8092, Bodø, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Mandy Hintz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Oehlke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Angelika Bilger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anca L Grosu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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26
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Nieder C, Norum J, Hintz M, Grosu AL. Short Survival Time after Palliative whole Brain Radiotherapy: Can We Predict Potential Overtreatment by Use of a Nomogram? J Cancer 2017; 8:1525-1529. [PMID: 28775771 PMCID: PMC5535707 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with brain metastases undergoing whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) have very limited survival. The purpose of this study was to validate a nomogram derived from a large American database and to examine its ability to better predict short survival (cut-off 2 months) than previous models. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study included 254 European patients treated with primary WBRT. In addition, an exploratory analysis of patients managed with best supportive care (BSC) was performed too. RESULTS Median survival after WBRT was 3.0 months. The median nomogram point sum was 122 (range 31-212). The nomogram-predicted median survival for a patient with 122 points is 3.3 months. Despite the nomogram's ability to stratify the patients into different prognostic groups, the survival curves of patients with intermediate point sum in the range of 90-139 points were largely superimposable. The poorest prognostic group with ≥180 points had a median and maximum survival of 1.8 and 4.6 months, respectively. Among these 18 patients (7%) 9 survived for less than and 9 for more than 2 months. Comparable survival outcomes were observed after BSC in a smaller group of 8 patients with ≥180 points. CONCLUSIONS Because of several differences between the original and validation findings, the nomogram should be examined in additional large databases. Its ability to predict poor survival is promising and possibly comparable to our previously published models. The final goal of developing a validated model that allows poor prognosis patients to safely forego WBRT without compromising survival or quality of life requires further research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Nieder
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jan Norum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.,Northern Norway Regional Health Authority trust, 8038 Bodø, Norway
| | - Mandy Hintz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anca L Grosu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Tandon P, Reddy KR, O'Leary JG, Garcia-Tsao G, Abraldes JG, Wong F, Biggins SW, Maliakkal B, Fallon MB, Subramanian RM, Thuluvath P, Kamath PS, Thacker LR, Bajaj JS. A Karnofsky performance status-based score predicts death after hospital discharge in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 2017; 65:217-224. [PMID: 27775842 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Identification of patients with cirrhosis at risk for death within 3 months of discharge from the hospital is essential to individualize postdischarge plans. The objective of the study was to identify an easy-to-use prognostic model based on the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS). The North American Consortium for the Study of End-Stage Liver Disease consists of 16 tertiary-care hepatology centers that prospectively enroll nonelectively admitted cirrhosis patients. Patients enrolled had KPS assessed 1 week postdischarge. KPS was categorized into low (score 10-40), intermediate (50-70), and high (80-100). Of 954 middle-aged patients (57 ± 10 years, 63% men) with a median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score of 17 (interquartile range 13-21), the mortality rates for the low, intermediate, and high performance status groups were 23% (36/159), 11% (55/489), and 5% (15/306), respectively. Low, intermediate, and high performance status was seen in 17%, 51%, and 32% of the cohort, respectively. Low performance status was associated with older age, dialysis, hepatic encephalopathy, longer length of stay, and higher white blood cell count or MELD score at discharge. A model was derived using the three independent predictors of 3-month mortality: KPS, age, and MELD score. This score had better discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.74) than a model using MELD (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.62) or MELD and age (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.67) to predict 3-month mortality. CONCLUSIONS Cirrhosis patients at risk for 3-month postdischarge mortality can be identified using a novel KPS-based score; this score may be adopted in practice to guide postdischarge early interventions, including the integrated provision of active and palliative management strategies. (Hepatology 2017;65:217-224).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leroy R Thacker
- Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
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28
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Wang Z, Chang EP, Schramm VL. Triple Isotope Effects Support Concerted Hydride and Proton Transfer and Promoting Vibrations in Human Heart Lactate Dehydrogenase. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15004-15010. [PMID: 27766841 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transition path sampling simulations have proposed that human heart lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) employs protein promoting vibrations (PPVs) on the femtosecond (fs) to picosecond (ps) time scale to promote crossing of the chemical barrier. This chemical barrier involves both hydride and proton transfers to pyruvate to form l-lactate, using reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as the cofactor. Here we report experimental evidence from three types of isotope effect experiments that support coupling of the promoting vibrations to barrier crossing and the coincidence of hydride and proton transfer. We prepared the native (light) LDH and a heavy LDH labeled with 13C, 15N, and nonexchangeable 2H (D) to perturb the predicted PPVs. Heavy LDH has slowed chemistry in single turnover experiments, supporting a contribution of PPVs to transition state formation. Both the [4-2H]NADH (NADD) kinetic isotope effect and the D2O solvent isotope effect were increased in dual-label experiments combining both NADD and D2O, a pattern maintained with both light and heavy LDHs. These isotope effects support concerted hydride and proton transfer for both light and heavy LDHs. Although the transition state barrier-crossing probability is reduced in heavy LDH, the concerted mechanism of the hydride-proton transfer reaction is not altered. This study takes advantage of triple isotope effects to resolve the chemical mechanism of LDH and establish the coupling of fs-ps protein dynamics to barrier crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Eric P Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Vern L Schramm
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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29
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Kim J, Han J, Jang Y, Kim SJ, Lee MJ, Ryu MJ, Kweon GR, Heo JY. High-capacity glycolytic and mitochondrial oxidative metabolisms mediate the growth ability of glioblastoma. Int J Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26202438 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the primary brain tumors, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has a radical proliferation ability that complicates the therapeutic modulation of cancer progression. The majority of GBM patients have a low survival rate (<1 year) due to radical tumor growth and late cancer diagnosis. Previous reports have shown that astrocytes have a specific metabolic organization that includes the production of lactate, the storage of glycogen, and use of lactate to support neurons which possess higher capacity of metabolism compared to neurons. We hypothesized that these characteristics of astrocytes could contribute to enhanced proliferation of GBM compared to neuroblastoma (NB). Here, we show that U87MG cells (a model of GBM) proliferate more rapidly than SH-SY5Y cells (a model of NB). A higher extracellular acidification rate and maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate were observed in U87MG cells compared to SH-SY5Y cells. The expression levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-A and LDH-B were higher in U87MG cells and primary cultured astrocytes than in SH-SY5Y cells and neurons. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of succinate dehydrogenase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ were high in U87MG cells, suggesting that these cells have high capacity for mitochondrial metabolism and uptake of fatty acids related to synthesis of the cell membrane, respectively. Taken together, we demonstrate that GBM cells are characterized by activation of the LDH-expression-related glycolytic pathway and mitochondrial metabolic capacity, suggesting two innate properties of astrocytes that could provide a driving force for the growth ability of GBM. Based on these findings, we propose that therapeutic approaches aimed at treating GBM could target LDH for modulating the metabolic properties of GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungim Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsu Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseon Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Joung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Ryang Kweon
- Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Heo
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
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30
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Nieder C. Palliative radiotherapy (PRT) during the last month of life: A constant sorrow even in a dedicated PRT facility with research focus on this endpoint. Radiother Oncol 2015; 115:284. [PMID: 25981051 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Nieder
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway.
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31
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Nieder C, Dalhaug A, Haukland E, Mannsåker B, Pawinski A. Tumor marker analyses in patients with brain metastases: patterns of practice and implications for survival prediction research. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6471-6. [PMID: 25801247 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore patterns of practice of tumor marker analyses and potential prognostic impact of abnormal markers in patients with brain metastases from solid tumors. Previously, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and albumin were identified as relevant biomarkers. We performed a retrospective analysis of 120 patients with known LDH and albumin treated with whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in two different situations: (1) brain metastases detected at initial cancer diagnosis (n = 46) and (2) brain metastases at later time points (n = 74, median interval 13 months). Twenty-six patients (57 %) from group 1 had at least one tumor marker analyzed, and 11 patients (24 %) had abnormal results. Twenty-two patients (30 %) from group 2 had at least one tumor marker analyzed, and 16 patients (22 %) had abnormal results. When assuming that LDH and albumin would be standard tests before WBRT, additional potential biomarkers were found in 36 % of patients with normal LDH and albumin. Marker positivity rates were for example 80 % for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in colorectal cancer and 79 % for CA 15-3 in breast cancer. Abnormal markers were associated with presence of liver metastases. CA 15-3 values above median predicted shorter survival in patients with breast cancer (median 1.9 vs. 13.8 months, p = 0.1). Comparable trends were not observed for various markers in other tumor types. In conclusion, only a minority of patients had undergone tumor marker analyses. Final group sizes were too small to perform multivariate analyses or draw definitive conclusions. We hypothesize that CA 15-3 could be a promising biomarker that should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Nieder
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, 8092, Bodø, Norway,
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32
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Świderek K, Tuñón I, Martí S, Moliner V. Protein Conformational Landscapes and Catalysis. Influence of Active Site Conformations in the Reaction Catalyzed by L-Lactate Dehydrogenase. ACS Catal 2015; 5:1172-1185. [PMID: 25705562 DOI: 10.1021/cs501704f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) has become an extremely useful marker in both clinical diagnosis and in monitoring the course of many human diseases. It has been assumed from the 80s that the full catalytic process of LDH starts with the binding of the cofactor and the substrate followed by the enclosure of the active site by a mobile loop of the protein before the reaction to take place. In this paper we show that the chemical step of the LDH catalyzed reaction can proceed within the open loop conformation, and the different reactivity of the different protein conformations would be in agreement with the broad range of rate constants measured in single molecule spectrometry studies. Starting from a recently solved X-ray diffraction structure that presented an open loop conformation in two of the four chains of the tetramer, QM/MM free energy surfaces have been obtained at different levels of theory. Depending on the level of theory used to describe the electronic structure, the free energy barrier for the transformation of pyruvate into lactate with the open conformation of the protein varies between 12.9 and 16.3 kcal/mol, after quantizing the vibrations and adding the contributions of recrossing and tunneling effects. These values are very close to the experimentally deduced one (14.2 kcal·mol-1) and ~2 kcal·mol-1 smaller than the ones obtained with the closed loop conformer. Calculation of primary KIEs and IR spectra in both protein conformations are also consistent with our hypothesis and in agreement with experimental data. Our calculations suggest that the closure of the active site is mainly required for the inverse process; the oxidation of lactate to pyruvate. According to this hypothesis H4 type LDH enzyme molecules, where it has been propose that lactate is transformed into pyruvate, should have a better ability to close the mobile loop than the M4 type LDH molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Świderek
- Departament
de Química Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Institute
of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Iñaki Tuñón
- Departament
de Química Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Sergio Martí
- Departament
de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Vicent Moliner
- Departament
de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
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