Dataset of differentially accumulated proteins in Mucor strains representative of four species grown on synthetic potato dextrose agar medium and a cheese mimicking medium

Evaluation of fungal dynamics during sheep manure composting employing peach shell biochar

In this study, explored the influence of different proportion (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%) peach shell biochar (PSB) with microbial agents (EM) on the carbon transformation, humification process and fungal community dynamics during sheep manure (SM) composting. And no additives were used as control. The results manifested that the CO2 and CH4 emissions were effectively reduced 8.23%∼13.10% and 17.92%∼33.71%. The degradation rate of fulvic acid increased by 17.12%∼23.08% and the humic acid contents were enhanced by 27.27%∼33.97% so that accelerated the composting. Besides, the dominant fungal phylum was Ascomycota (31.43%∼52.54%), Basidiomycota (3.12%∼13.85%), Mucoromycota (0.40%∼7.61%) and Mortierellomycota (0.97%∼2.39%). Pearson correlation analysis and network indicated that there were different correlations between physicochemical indexes and fungal community under different additive concentrations. In brief, the two modifiers application promoted the SM degradation and affected the fungal community structure.

Core fungal species strengthen microbial cooperation in a food-waste composting process

In ecosystem engineering research, the contribution of microbial cooperation to ecosystem function has been emphasized. Fungi are one of the predominant decomposers in composting, but thus far, less attention has been given to fungal than to bacterial cooperation. Therefore, network and cohesion analyses were combined to reveal the correlation between fungal cooperation and organic matter (OM) degradation in ten composting piles. Positive cohesion, reflecting the cooperation degree, was positively linked to the degradation rate of OM. From the community perspective, core species (i.e., Candida tropicalis, Issatchenkia orientails, Kazachstania exigua, and Dipodascus australiensis) with high occurrence frequency and abundance were the key in regulating positive cohesion. These species were highly relevant to functional genera associated with OM degradation in both fungal and bacterial domains. Therefore, focusing on these core fungal species might be an appropriate strategy for targeted regulation of functional microbes and promotion of degradation rates.

Magnesite driven the complementary effects of core fungi by optimizing the physicochemical parameters in pig manure composting

The effects of magnesite (MS) on fungi communities and the core fungi complementarity during pig manure (PM) composting were explored. Different dosage of MS [0% (T1), 2.5% (T2), 5% (T3), 7.5% (T4) and 10% (T5)] as amendments mixed with PM for 42 days composting. The results showed the dominant of phyla were Ascomycota (78.87%), Neocallimastigomycota (41.40%), Basidiomycota (30.81%) and Aphelidiomycota (29.44%). From day 7 to 42, the abundance of Ascomycota and Aphelidiomycota were increased from 7.75% to 42.41% to 57.27%-78.87% and 0-0.70% to 11.73%-29.44% among all treatments. Nevertheless, the phyla abundance of Neocallimastigomycota and Basidiomycota decreased from day 7 to 42. The co-occurrence network indicated that the high additive amendment could enhance the core fungi complementarity effects capacity. The 10% MS addition was a promisable candidate to optimum fungal communities, and causing a better compost quality. This study illustrated the potential and fungi communities changing of MS as additives in composting.

Mechanisms of nitrogen transformation driven by functional microbes during thermophilic fermentation in an ex situ fermentation system

In this study, we explored the pathways and mechanisms of nitrogen (N) transformation driven by functional microbes carrying key genes in an ex situ fermentation system (EFS). Temperature and N content were found to be the most important factors driving variation in bacterial and fungal communities, respectively; Bacillus became the most abundant bacteria and Batrachochytrium became the most abundant fungi. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that some bacteria including Halomonas, Truepera, and Gemmatimonas species carry genes that promote mineralization, nitrification, dissimilatory/assimilatory nitrate reduction, denitrification, anammox reactions, and N fixation. The maximum rate of total mineralization reached 136.60 μg N g^-1 d^-1. Functional microbes promoted various N conversion processes at different rates in the EFS, with levels increasing by at least 0.23 μg N g^-1 d^-1. These results provide a theoretical basis for feasible optimization measures to address N loss during fermentation.

Succession of fungal dynamics and their influence on physicochemical parameters during pig manure composting employing with pine leaf biochar

The effects of pine leaf biochar (PLB) on fungal community during pig manure composting were investigated. Five different doses of PLB [0% (T1), 2.5% (T2), 5% (T3), 10% (T4) and 15% (T5)] were mixed with mixture of pig manure and sawdust (2:1) for 50 days of composting. The present results indicated that fungal diversity increased more obvious in biochar amendment treatments than control (T1) and that the highest was recorded in T4 treatment. Basidiomycota, Ascomycota and Mucoromycota were the most three abundant phyla in all the treatments, while Heterobasidion, Pezoloma, Mucor, Geastrum, Talaromyces and Cystofilobasidium were the richness genera. In addition, network analysis indicated that fungal community abundance was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with temperature, pH, CO₂ and CH₄ emission and the seed germination index. In summary, the 10% PLB amendment (T4) was a potential option to strengthen fungal diversity and improve the composting efficiency as well as compost quality.

Dynamics of fungal diversity and interactions with environmental elements in response to wheat straw biochar amended poultry manure composting

The fungal dynamics and its correlation with physicochemical and gaseous emission were investigated using metagenomics and Heat map illustrator (HEMI). Five different concentrations of wheat straw biochar (WSB) were applied to poultry manure (PM) and composted for 50 days; those without the WSB treatment were used as a control. The results revealed the dominant phyla to be Chytridiomycota, Mucoromycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, while Batrachochytrium, Rhizophagus, Mucor, and Puccinia were the superior genera. In particular, the diversity of Chytridiomycota and Ascomycota was more abundant among all of the treatments. Overall, the diversity of the fungal species was correspondent, but relative abundance varied significantly among all of the composts. Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and Non-Metric Multi- Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) indicated that different concentrations of WSB applied treatments have significantly distinct fungal communities. In addition, correlation analyses of fungal interactions with environmental elements via HEMI also indicate a clear difference among the treatments. Ultimately, the relative abundance of fungal composition significantly influenced the PM compost treated by the WSB.

Evaluating the impact of bamboo biochar on the fungal community succession during chicken manure composting

The objective of this study was to investigate the fungal community succession and variations in chicken manure (CM) compost with different concentration of bamboo biochar (BB) as additive via the using of metagenomics method. The consequent obviously revealed that Chytridiomycota, Mucoromycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phylum, while Batrachochytrium, Funneliformis, Mucor, Phizophagus and Pyronema were the pre-dominant genera in each treatment. Redundancy analyses indicated that higher dosage of biochar applied treatments has significant correlation between fungal communities and environmental factors. The diversity of fungal community was analogous but the relative abundance (RA) was inconsistent among the all treatments. In addition, the principal component analysis was also confirmed that T5 and T6 treatments have considerably correlation than other treatments. However, the mean value of RA remained maximum in higher dosage of biochar blended treatments. Ultimately, the RA of different fungal genus and species were influenced in CM compost by the BB amendment.