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Dyer L, Parker A, Paphiti K, Sanderson J. Lightsheet Microscopy. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e448. [PMID: 35838628 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we review lightsheet (selective plane illumination) microscopy for mouse developmental biologists. There are different means of forming the illumination sheet, and we discuss these. We explain how we introduced the lightsheet microscope economically into our core facility and present our results on fixed and living samples. We also describe methods of clearing fixed samples for three-dimensional imaging and discuss the various means of preparing samples with particular reference to mouse cilia, adipose spheroids, and cochleae. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dyer
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Andrew Parker
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Keanu Paphiti
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Jeremy Sanderson
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
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Jia S, Zhao F. Ex vivo development of the entire mouse fetal reproductive tract by using microdissection and membrane-based organ culture techniques. Differentiation 2022; 123:42-49. [PMID: 35030420 PMCID: PMC8821157 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo explant culture is an appealing alternative to in vivo studies on fetal reproductive organ development. There is extensive literature on ex vivo methods of growing the fetal gonad. However, a method for culturing the whole fetal reproductive tract that has a different shape and size has not been documented. Here, with careful dissection and proper tissue orientation, we successfully cultured the entire bicornuate reproductive tracts from mouse embryos of both sexes on the Transwell insert membrane. The cultured reproductive tract system undergoes sexually dimorphic establishment and region-specific morphogenesis comparable to in vivo development of their counterparts. To test this culture method's applications, we used chemical treatment (dihydrotestosterone and BMS 564929) and genetic cellular ablation mouse model (Gli1-CreER; Rosa-DTA) to investigate the roles of androgen signaling and Gli1+ mesenchyme in Wolffian duct development. Dihydrotestosterone and BMS 564929 promoted the ectopic maintenance of Wolffian ducts in cultured XX tissues. The efficient and specific elimination of Gli1+ mesenchyme was successfully achieved in the cultured tissues, resulting in defective coiling of Wolffian ducts. These results demonstrate the amenability of this organ culture method for chemical and genetic manipulations that are otherwise difficult to study in vivo. Taken together, the establishment of this organ culture method provides a valuable tool complementary to in vivo studies for understanding fetal reproductive tract development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jia
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA,Corresponding author: Fei Zhao, Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA, Tel: 608-890-2610.
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Patra T, Pathak D, Gupta MK. Comparison of two culture methods during in vitro spermatogenesis of vitrified-warmed testis tissue: Organ culture vs. hanging drop culture. Cryobiology 2021; 100:142-50. [PMID: 33639111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Solid surface vitrification (SSV) is a cost effective and simple method for testis tissue preservation. Vitrified-warmed testis tissue was successfully cultured using various organ culture methods. In this study, we compared two culture methods viz. hanging drop (HD) and organ culture (OC) methods for in vitro spermatogenesis of goat testis tissue vitrified-warmed by SSV. It was observed that OC method was superior (p < 0.05) to HD method in terms of post-warming metabolic activity of testicular tissue, as measured by MTT assay on Day 7 and Day 14 of culture, respectively. The size of the tissue also played an important role in post-warming metabolic activity and viability (4 mm3: 72.7 ± 1.2% vs. 9 mm3: 62.7 ± 1.3% vs. 16 mm3: 40.5 ± 1.7%) of vitrified tissues with smaller tissue resulting in better result. The vitrification-induced ROS activity significantly decreased during their in vitro culture. Histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the rupture of basal membrane, surface morphology and, cell loss due to vitrification. However, histology and immunohistochemistry showed the progression of in vitro spermatogenesis and formation of elongated spermatozoa in both fresh and vitrified-warmed testis tissue cultured by OC method. Taken together, our results suggest that OC method is superior to HD method for culturing goat testis tissue vitrified-warmed by SSV.
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Isaacson D, McCreedy D, Calvert M, Shen J, Sinclair A, Cao M, Li Y, McDevitt T, Cunha G, Baskin L. Imaging the developing human external and internal urogenital organs with light sheet fluorescence microscopy. Differentiation 2019; 111:12-21. [PMID: 31634681 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances in three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques have previously enabled paradigm shifts in our understanding of human embryonic and fetal development. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is a recently-developed technique that uses thin planes of light to optically section whole-mount cleared and immunolabeled biologic specimens. The advent of commercially-available light sheet microscopes has facilitated a new generation of research into protein localization and tissue dynamics at extremely high resolution. Our group has applied LSFM to study developing human fetal external genitalia, internal genitalia and kidneys. This review describes LSFM and presents our group's technique for preparing, clearing, immunostaining and imaging human fetal urogenital specimens. We then present light sheet images and videos of each element of the developing human urogenital system. To the extent of our knowledge, the work conducted by our laboratory represents the first description of a method for performing LSFM on the full human urogenital system during the embryonic and fetal periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Isaacson
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Dylan McCreedy
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Meredith Calvert
- Histology and Light Microscopy Core, J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel Shen
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adriane Sinclair
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mei Cao
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Todd McDevitt
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gerald Cunha
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laurence Baskin
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Sánchez N, Inostroza V, Pérez MC, Moya P, Ubilla A, Besa J, Llaguno E, Vera P-G C, Inzunza O, Gaete M. Tracking morphological complexities of organ development in culture. Mech Dev 2018; 154:179-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Isaacson D, Shen J, Overland M, Li Y, Sinclair A, Cao M, McCreedy D, Calvert M, McDevitt T, Cunha GR, Baskin L. Three-dimensional imaging of the developing human fetal urogenital-genital tract: Indifferent stage to male and female differentiation. Differentiation 2018; 103:14-23. [PMID: 30262218 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in our lab have utilized three imaging techniques to visualize the developing human fetal urogenital tract in three dimensions: optical projection tomography, scanning electron microscopy and lightsheet fluorescence microscopy. We have applied these technologies to examine changes in morphology and differential gene expression in developing human external genital specimens from the ambisexual stage (<9 weeks fetal age) to well-differentiated male and female organs (>13 weeks fetal age). This work outlines the history and function of each of these three imaging modalities, our methods to prepare specimens for each and the novel findings we have produced thus far. We believe the images in this paper of human fetal urogenital organs produced using lightsheet fluorescence microscopy are the first published to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Isaacson
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joel Shen
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maya Overland
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adriane Sinclair
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mei Cao
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Meredith Calvert
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Histology and Light Microscopy Core, J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Todd McDevitt
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gerald R Cunha
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laurence Baskin
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, 550 16th St, 5th Floor, Mission Hall Pediatric Urology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Omotehara T, Minami K, Mantani Y, Umemura Y, Nishida M, Hirano T, Yoshioka H, Kitagawa H, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N. Contribution of the coelomic epithelial cells specific to the left testis in the chicken embryo. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:148-156. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Omotehara
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Hyogo Japan
| | - Kiichi Minami
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Hyogo Japan
| | - Youhei Mantani
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Hyogo Japan
| | - Yuria Umemura
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Hyogo Japan
| | - Miho Nishida
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Hyogo Japan
| | - Tetsushi Hirano
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Hyogo Japan
| | - Hidefumi Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Graduate School of Teacher Education; Hyogo University of Teacher Education; Katoh Hyogo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Hyogo Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Hyogo Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hoshi
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Hyogo Japan
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