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Falco MD, Fusella M, Clemente S, Fiandra C, Gallio E, Garibaldi C, Bagalà P, Borzì G, Casale M, Casati M, Consorti R, Delana A, Esposito M, Malatesta T, Menghi E, Reggiori G, Russo S, Stasi M, Mancosu P. The influence of basic plan parameters on calculated small field output factors - A multicenter study. Phys Med 2021; 88:98-103. [PMID: 34217003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The influence of basic plan parameters such as slice thickness, grid resolution, algorithm type and field size on calculated small field output factors (OFs) was evaluated in a multicentric study. METHODS AND MATERIALS Three computational homogeneous water phantoms with slice thicknesses (ST) 1, 2 and 3 mm were shared among twenty-one centers to calculate OFs for 1x1, 2x2 and 3x3 cm2 field sizes (FSs) (normalized to 10x10 cm2 FS), with their own treatment planning system (TPS) and the energy clinically used for stereotactic body radiation therapy delivery. OFs were calculated for each combination of grid resolution (GR) (1, 2 and 3 mm) and ST and finally compared with the OFs measured for the TPS commissioning. A multivariate analysis was performed to test the effect of basic plan parameters on calculated OFs. RESULTS A total of 509 data points were collected. Calculated OFs are slightly higher than measured ones. The multivariate analysis showed that Center, GR, algorithm type, and FS are predictive variables of the difference between calculated and measured OFs (p < 0.001). As FS decreases, the spread in the difference between calculated and measured OFs became larger when increasing the GR. Monte Carlo and Analytical Anisotropic Algorithms, presented a dependence on GR (p < 0.01), while Collapsed Cone Convolution and Acuros did not. The effect of the ST was found to be negligible. CONCLUSIONS Modern TPSs slightly overestimate the calculated small field OFs compared with measured ones. Grid resolution, algorithm, center number and field size influence the calculation of small field OFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daniela Falco
- Department of Radiation Oncology, "G. D'Annunzio" University, "SS. Annunziata" Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Fusella
- Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, via Gattamelata 64, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Clemente
- Unit of Medical Physic and Radioprotection. Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Christian Fiandra
- Department of Oncology - Radiation Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Gallio
- Department of Oncology - Radiation Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Garibaldi
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Unit of Radiation Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Bagalà
- Universita' Campus Bio-medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michelina Casale
- Struttura Semplice di Fisica Sanitaria Azienda Ospedaliera "Santa Maria" Terni, Italy
| | - Marta Casati
- MedicalPhysics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Rita Consorti
- Medical Physics Unit, S. Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Delana
- Servizio di Fisica Sanitaria Ospedale S. Chiara A.P.S.S. Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Esposito
- Medical Physics Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
| | - Tiziana Malatesta
- Fisica Medica, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli S.Giovanni Calibita- Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Menghi
- Medical Physics Unit, Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori "Dino Amadori" - IRST S.r.l.Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Giacomo Reggiori
- Medical Physics Unit of Radiation Oncology Dept., Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Serenella Russo
- Medical Physics Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy.
| | - Michele Stasi
- Medical Physics Department, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Mancosu
- Medical Physics Unit of Radiation Oncology Dept., Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
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Bulski W, Chełmiński K, Ulkowski P, Ślusarczyk-Kacprzyk W, Grabska I, Kukołowicz P. The role of SSDL in quality assurance in radiotherapy. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2020; 25:902-905. [PMID: 32982598 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the role of the Polish Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) in quality assurance in radiotherapy by means of providing calibration of ionisation chambers, TLD postal dosimetry audits and end-to-end audits for radiation therapy. A historical review of the methods and results are presented. The influence of the SSDL in Warsaw on radiation protection of patients in Poland is discussed. The International Atomic Energy Agency together with World Health Organisation (IAEA/WHO), through its network of SSDLs around the world, propagates newly developed methods for calibration and auditing. Suitable high quality equipment was provided by the IAEA, as well as special materials and technical support to the SSDL in Warsaw. The activity of the SSDL and the services provided for Polish radiotherapy centres have resulted in a reduction of discrepancies between planned doses and doses delivered to patients. The newly tested IAEA methods of end-to-end on-site dosimetry audits allow for monitoring and improving the quality of IMRT in Poland. The traceability of standards used for the calibration of therapy level dosimeters from Polish radiotherapy centres is assured by the IAEA dosimetry laboratory. The consistency of methods performed in the Polish SSDL with the ISO:17025 norm is supervised by the Polish Centre for Accreditation - a member of International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC), for calibration and testing. Due to the rapid technological development of radiotherapy, special attention has to be paid to newly developed methods for dosimetry auditing and institutions which provide services for assuring radiation safety of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Bulski
- Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgen Str. 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Chełmiński
- Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgen Str. 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Ulkowski
- Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgen Str. 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wioletta Ślusarczyk-Kacprzyk
- Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgen Str. 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Grabska
- Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgen Str. 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kukołowicz
- Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgen Str. 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
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Chełmiński K, Bulski W. A multi-centre analytical study of small field output factor calculations in radiotherapy. Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol 2018; 6:1-4. [PMID: 33458380 DOI: 10.1016/j.phro.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An audit methodology was developed and applied for output factor (OF) calculations in radiotherapy. The auditees were asked to calculate OFs for field sizes from 10 × 10 cm2 to 2 × 2 cm2. Sixty five beams were audited; missing reference OFs were interpolated. The calculated OFs were in 73% of cases higher than the reference data. The smaller the field size, the higher the overestimations which were observed in the higher fraction of cases. Treatment planning systems generally overestimated OFs for small fields. The reference dataset helped radiotherapy centres to identify discrepancies which were higher than typical.
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