1
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Jin Z, Deng H, Xiong S, Gao L. Perspective of SGLT2i in the Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 81:241-247. [PMID: 36630701 PMCID: PMC10079298 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in the elderly is increasing year by year with high mortality. Current treatment is mainly through surgery or endovascular intervention, which is not sufficient to reduce future risk. Therefore, we still need to find an effective conservative measure as an adjunct therapy or early intervention to prevent AAA progression. Traditional therapeutic agents, such as β-receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, and statins, have been shown to have limited effects on the growth of AAA. Recently, sodium-glucose cotransport proteins inhibitors (SGLT2is), a new class hypoglycemic drug, have shown outstanding beneficiary effects on cardiovascular diseases by plasma volume reduction, vascular tone regulation, and various unidentified mechanisms. It has been demonstrated that SGLT2i is abundantly expressed in the aorta, and some studies also showed promising results of SGLT2i in treating animal AAA models. This article aims to summarize the recent progress of AAA studies and look forward to the application of SGLT2i in AAA treatment for early intervention or adjunct therapy after surgical repair or stent graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtiao Jin
- Master of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China; and
| | - Hongping Deng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China.
| | - Sizheng Xiong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Master of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China; and
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2
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Hsuan C, Teng SIF, Hsu C, Liao D, Chang AJ, Lee H, Hee S, Chang Y, Chuang L. Emerging Therapy for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Practice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:662. [PMID: 36979641 PMCID: PMC10045486 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by abnormal myocardial structure or performance in the absence of coronary artery disease or significant valvular heart disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. The spectrum of diabetic cardiomyopathy ranges from subtle myocardial changes to myocardial fibrosis and diastolic function and finally to symptomatic heart failure. Except for sodium–glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors and possibly bariatric and metabolic surgery, there is currently no specific treatment for this distinct disease entity in patients with diabetes. The molecular mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy includes impaired nutrient-sensing signaling, dysregulated autophagy, impaired mitochondrial energetics, altered fuel utilization, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, advanced glycation end-products, inflammation, impaired calcium homeostasis, abnormal endothelial function and nitric oxide production, aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, the activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and sympathetic hyperactivity, and extracellular matrix accumulation and fibrosis. Here, we summarize several important emerging treatments for diabetic cardiomyopathy targeting specific molecular mechanisms, with evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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3
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Guo H, Yu X, Liu Y, Paik DT, Justesen JM, Chandy M, Jahng JWS, Zhang T, Wu W, Rwere F, Zhao SR, Pokhrel S, Shivnaraine RV, Mukherjee S, Simon DJ, Manhas A, Zhang A, Chen CH, Rivas MA, Gross ER, Mochly-Rosen D, Wu JC. SGLT2 inhibitor ameliorates endothelial dysfunction associated with the common ALDH2 alcohol flushing variant. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabp9952. [PMID: 36696485 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abp9952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The common aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) alcohol flushing variant known as ALDH2*2 affects ∼8% of the world's population. Even in heterozygous carriers, this missense variant leads to a severe loss of ALDH2 enzymatic activity and has been linked to an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction plays a determining role in all stages of CAD pathogenesis, including early-onset CAD. However, the contribution of ALDH2*2 to EC dysfunction and its relation to CAD are not fully understood. In a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) from Biobank Japan, ALDH2*2 was found to be one of the strongest single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with CAD. Clinical assessment of endothelial function showed that human participants carrying ALDH2*2 exhibited impaired vasodilation after light alcohol drinking. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ECs (iPSC-ECs) and CRISPR-Cas9-corrected ALDH2*2 iPSC-ECs, we modeled ALDH2*2-induced EC dysfunction in vitro, demonstrating an increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers and a decrease in nitric oxide (NO) production and tube formation capacity, which was further exacerbated by ethanol exposure. We subsequently found that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) such as empagliflozin mitigated ALDH2*2-associated EC dysfunction. Studies in ALDH2*2 knock-in mice further demonstrated that empagliflozin attenuated ALDH2*2-mediated vascular dysfunction in vivo. Mechanistically, empagliflozin inhibited Na+/H+-exchanger 1 (NHE-1) and activated AKT kinase and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) pathways to ameliorate ALDH2*2-induced EC dysfunction. Together, our results suggest that ALDH2*2 induces EC dysfunction and that SGLT2i may potentially be used as a preventative measure against CAD for ALDH2*2 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Guo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xuan Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David T Paik
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Johanne Marie Justesen
- Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark Chandy
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James W S Jahng
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Weijun Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Freeborn Rwere
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shane Rui Zhao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel J Simon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amit Manhas
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angela Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Manuel A Rivas
- Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric R Gross
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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4
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Kowalska K, Wilczopolski P, Buławska D, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. The Importance of SGLT-2 Inhibitors as Both the Prevention and the Treatment of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122500. [PMID: 36552708 PMCID: PMC9774735 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the 2021 report of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), there have been approximately 573 million cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among adults, which sets the disease as a major concern in healthcare worldwide. The development of T2DM is strongly promoted by unhealthy lifestyle factors associated with urbanization and western civilization. The disease is associated with a broad list of systemic complications that can result in premature death, disability and significantly reduced quality of life. The most dramatic in their consequences are cardiovascular complications of T2DM. Our work focuses on one such complication that is specific for diabetes, named diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). In this condition cardiac dysfunction occurs despite the absence of underlying hypertension, coronary artery disease and valvular disease, which suggest a leading role for metabolic disturbances as a cause. We aimed to establish the role of relatively new hypoglycaemic drugs that have taken the medical world by storm with their broad pleiotropic effects-SGLT-2 inhibitors-in the prevention and treatment of DC at any stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kowalska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Wilczopolski
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominika Buławska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(042)-639-3750
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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5
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Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Carresi C, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Macrì R, Scarano F, Coppoletta A, Cardamone A, Bosco F, Mollace R, Muscoli C, Palma E, Mollace V. The Generation of Nitric Oxide from Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2: The Role of Dietary Nitrates and Their Implication in Cardiovascular Disease Management. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415454. [PMID: 36555095 PMCID: PMC9779284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced bioavailability of the nitric oxide (NO) signaling molecule has been associated with the onset of cardiovascular disease. One of the better-known and effective therapies for cardiovascular disorders is the use of organic nitrates, such as glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), which increases the concentration of NO. Unfortunately, chronic use of this therapy can induce a phenomenon known as "nitrate tolerance", which is defined as the loss of hemodynamic effects and a reduction in therapeutic effects. As such, a higher dosage of GTN is required in order to achieve the same vasodilatory and antiplatelet effects. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a cardioprotective enzyme that catalyzes the bio-activation of GTN to NO. Nitrate tolerance is accompanied by an increase in oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and sympathetic activation, as well as a loss of the catalytic activity of ALDH2 itself. On the basis of current knowledge, nitrate intake in the diet would guarantee a concentration of NO such as to avoid (or at least reduce) treatment with GTN and the consequent onset of nitrate tolerance in the course of cardiovascular diseases, so as not to make necessary the increase in GTN concentrations and the possible inhibition/alteration of ALDH2, which aggravates the problem of a positive feedback mechanism. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize data relating to the introduction into the diet of some natural products that could assist pharmacological therapy in order to provide the NO necessary to reduce the intake of GTN and the phenomenon of nitrate tolerance and to ensure the correct catalytic activity of ALDH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, in Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (F.O.)
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (F.O.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, in Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annarita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Lamezia Terme, 88046 Catanzaro, Italy
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6
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Pan G, Roy B, Giri S, Lanfear DE, Thandavarayan RA, Guha A, Ortiz PA, Palaniyandi SS. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Activator Augments the Beneficial Effects of Empagliflozin in Mice with Diabetes-Associated HFpEF. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10439. [PMID: 36142350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To ameliorate diabetes mellitus-associated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), we plan to lower diabetes-mediated oxidative stress-induced 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) accumulation by pharmacological agents that either decrease 4HNE generation or increase its detoxification.A cellular reactive carbonyl species (RCS), 4HNE, was significantly increased in diabetic hearts due to a diabetes-induced decrease in 4HNE detoxification by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2, a cardiac mitochondrial enzyme that metabolizes 4HNE. Therefore, hyperglycemia-induced 4HNE is critical for diabetes-mediated cardiotoxicity and we hypothesize that lowering 4HNE ameliorates diabetes-associated HFpEF. We fed a high-fat diet to ALDH2*2 mice, which have intrinsically low ALDH2 activity, to induce type-2 diabetes. After 4 months of diabetes, the mice exhibited features of HFpEF along with increased 4HNE adducts, and we treated them with vehicle, empagliflozin (EMP) (3 mg/kg/d) to reduce 4HNE and Alda-1 (10 mg/kg/d), and ALDH2 activator to enhance ALDH2 activity as well as a combination of EMP + Alda-1 (E + A), via subcutaneous osmotic pumps. After 2 months of treatments, cardiac function was assessed by conscious echocardiography before and after exercise stress. EMP + Alda-1 improved exercise tolerance, diastolic and systolic function, 4HNE detoxification and cardiac liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways in ALDH2*2 mice with diabetes-associated HFpEF. This combination was even more effective than EMP alone. Our data indicate that ALDH2 activation along with the treatment of hypoglycemic agents may be a salient strategy to alleviate diabetes-associated HFpEF.
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7
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Lee HL, Hee SW, Hsuan CF, Yang W, Huang JY, Lin YL, Hsu CN, Hwang JJ, Chen SM, Ding ZZ, Lee TY, Lin YC, Tsai FC, Su WL, Chueh LY, Hsieh ML, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Chang YC, Chuang LM. A Novel ALDH2 Activator AD-9308 Improves Diastolic and Systolic Myocardial Functions in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:450. [PMID: 33805825 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportion worldwide. One of the diabetic complications is cardiomyopathy, characterized by early left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, followed by development of systolic dysfunction and ventricular dilation at a late stage. The pathogenesis is multifactorial, and there is no effective treatment yet. In recent years, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), a toxic aldehyde generated from lipid peroxidation, is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Its high bioreactivity toward proteins results in cellular damage. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is the major enzyme that detoxifies 4-HNE. The development of small-molecule ALDH2 activator provides an opportunity for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy. This study found that AD-9308, a water-soluble andhighly selective ALDH2 activator, can improve LV diastolic and systolic functions, and wall remodeling in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. AD-9308 treatment dose-dependently lowered serum 4-HNE levels and 4-HNE protein adducts in cardiac tissue from diabetic mice, accompanied with ameliorated myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis. Improvements of mitochondrial functions, sarco/endoplasmic reticulumcalcium handling and autophagy regulation were also observed in diabetic mice with AD-9308 treatment. In conclusion, ADLH2 activation effectively ameliorated diabetic cardiomyopathy, which may be mediated through detoxification of 4-HNE. Our findings highlighted the therapeutic potential of ALDH2 activation for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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8
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Dham D, Roy B, Gowda A, Pan G, Sridhar A, Zeng X, Thandavarayan RA, Palaniyandi SS. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal, a lipid peroxidation product, as a biomarker in diabetes and its complications: challenges and opportunities. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:547-561. [PMID: 33336611 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1866756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over 30 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes and this number is only expected to increase. There are various causes that induce complications with diabetes, including oxidative stress. In oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation-derived reactive carbonyl species such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) is shown to cause damage in organs that leads to diabetic complications. We provided evidence to show that 4-HNE or/and 4-HNE-protein adducts are elevated in various organ systems of diabetic patients and animal models. We then discussed the advantages and disadvantages of different methodologies used for the detection of 4-HNE in diabetic tissues. We also discussed how novel approaches such as electrochemistry and nanotechnology can be used for monitoring 4-HNE levels in biological systems in real-time. Thus, this review enlightens the involvement of 4-HNE in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications and efficient methods to identify it. Furthermore, the article presents that 4-HNE can be developed as a biomarker for end-organ damage in diabetes such as diabetic cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deiva Dham
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bipradas Roy
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Amita Gowda
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Guodong Pan
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Arun Sridhar
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Xiangqun Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Rajarajan A Thandavarayan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suresh Selvaraj Palaniyandi
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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9
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Abstract
Heterogeneous associations exist between alcohol consumption and the initial presentation of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Studies regarding the association between abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and alcohol consumption are still limited and controversial. We hypothesize that patients with alcohol-related diseases are susceptible to AAA formation due to the presence of overlapping epidemiological factors and molecular mechanisms. We aimed to use a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study to evaluate the association between alcohol-related diseases and AAA.The data were extracted from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan. The study outcome assessed was the cumulative incidence of AAA in patients with alcohol-related diseases during a 14-year follow-up period.Our study included 22,878 patients who had alcohol-related diseases; these patients with alcohol-related diseases had a significantly higher cumulative risk of developing AAA 5 years after the index date than did the 91,512 patients without alcohol-related diseases. Patients with alcohol-related diseases also exhibited a significantly increased incidence of AAA compared with the incidence among patients without alcohol-related diseases, according to Cox regression analysis and Fine & Gray's competing risk model (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.379, 95% confidence interval = 1.653 -3.424, P < .001). In addition, male gender, older age, and chronic kidney disease were also associated with an increased risk of developing AAA. An interaction model showed that males with alcohol-related diseases had a 10.4-fold higher risk of AAA than did females without alcohol-related diseases.We observed an association between alcohol-related diseases and AAA even after adjusting for several comorbidities and medications in a nationwide population database.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association
| | - Jen-Chun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital
- Student Counseling Center
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association
| | - Chih-Yuan Lin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital
| | - Shih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Tsai SH, Hsu LA, Tsai HY, Yeh YH, Lu CY, Chen PC, Wang JC, Chiu YL, Lin CY, Hsu YJ. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 protects against abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by reducing reactive oxygen species, vascular inflammation, and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:9498-9511. [PMID: 32463165 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902550rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an enzyme that detoxifies aldehydes by converting them to carboxylic acids. ALDH2 deficiency is known to increase oxidative stress. Increased oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathogenesis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis. Reducing oxidative stress by an ALDH2 activator could have therapeutic potential for limiting AAA development. We hypothesized that ALDH2 deficiency could increase the risk for AAA by decreasing ROS elimination and that an ALDH2 activator could provide an alternative option for AAA treatment. The National Center for Biotechnology (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were used for the in vitro experiments. Gene-targeted ALDH2*2 KI knock-in mice on a C57BL/6J background and apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice were obtained. An animal model of AAA was constructed using osmotic minipumps to deliver 1000 ng/kg/min angiotensin II (AngII) for 28 days. Patients with AAA had significantly lower ALDH2 expression levels than normal subjects. ALDH2*2 KI mice were susceptible to AngII administration, exhibiting significantly increased AAA incidence rates and increased aortic diameters. Alda-1, an ALDH2 activator, reduced AngII-induced ROS production, NF-kB activation, and apoptosis in HASMCs. Alda-1 attenuated AngII-induced aneurysm formation and decreased aortic expansion in ApoE KO mice. We concluded that ALDH2 deficiency is associated with the development of AAAs in humans and a murine disease model. ALDH2 deficiency increases susceptibility to AngII-induced AAA formation by attenuating anti-ROS effects and increasing VSMC apoptosis and vascular inflammation. Alda-1 was shown to attenuate the progression of experimental AAA in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- Cardiovascular Department, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ya Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Cardiovascular Department, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yo Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chuan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Lin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an important member of the functional aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) family in human beings, playing a fundamental role in the detoxification of acetaldehyde and other aldehydes. In recent years, a number of researches have given attention to the association between ALDH2 and atherosclerosis, which provided insights on targeting ALDH2 for therapeutic intervention of atherosclerosis. In this review, these inspiring studies will be discussed, and the clinical implications and concerns will be expounded.
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12
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Zheng J, Cheng J, Zheng S, Zhang L, Guo X, Zhang J, Xiao X. Physical Exercise and Its Protective Effects on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: What Is the Evidence? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:729. [PMID: 30559720 PMCID: PMC6286969 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most serious complications of diabetes, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) imposes a huge burden on individuals and society, and represents a major public health problem. It has long been recognized that physical exercise has important health benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes, and regular physical exercise can delay or prevent the complications of diabetes. Current studies show that physical exercise has been regarded as an importantly non-pharmacological treatment for diabetes and DCM, with high efficacy and low adverse events. It can inhibit the pathological processes of myocardial apoptosis, myocardial fibrosis, and myocardial microvascular diseases through improving myocardial metabolism, enhancing the regulation of Ca2+, and protecting the function of mitochondria. Eventually, it can alleviate the occurrence and development of diabetic complications. Describing the mechanisms of physical exercise on DCM may provide a new theory for alleviating, or even reversing the development of DCM, and prevent it from developing to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health & The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Sheng Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, XiangYang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Junqing Zhang
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xinhua Xiao
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