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Nguyen LSP, Hien TT. Long-Range Atmospheric Mercury Transport from Across East Asia to a Suburban Coastal Area in Southern Vietnam. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2023; 112:14. [PMID: 38114799 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Exports of atmospheric mercury (Hg) from continental East Asia, a major Hg emitter in the globe, have been reported by several studies in neighboring countries such as Japan and Korea. Nonetheless, studies concerning this topic in Southeast Asia (SEA) countries are still limited. Accordingly, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) has been measured from Can Thanh High School (CTHS), a suburban coastal site in southern Vietnam to study its characterization and discover the evidence of Hg trans-boundary transport from regional sources (e.g., East Asia). Data collected in July, August, and October 2022 were used in this study, and the overall GEM concentration was 1.61 ± 0.32 ng m-3. The GEM levels were higher in October than in July and August, potentially due to the discrepancy in air mass transport patterns induced by tropical monsoon and source origins of Hg. MERRA-2, backward trajectories, and CALIPSO images revealed the trans-boundary air pollution from continental East Asia to southern Vietnam, evidenced by significantly elevated (> 30%) atmospheric Hg concentrations as well as other air pollutants when the plume arrived at CTHS. Furthermore, our results also imply that atmospheric Hg exported from East Asia could influence large areas in SEA, suggesting the need for more studies in various SEA countries in the upcoming future. This study illustrated the influence of regional Hg emissions on local atmospheric Hg pollution and provided data to improve knowledge of the Hg biogeochemical cycle in SEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Sy Phu Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - To Thi Hien
- Faculty of Environment, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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2
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Hong X, Yang K, Liang H, Wang X. Enrichment of Sulfate, Acidity and Mercury in Native outcrop coal, Southwest China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:63368-63381. [PMID: 37060416 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The coal found in the Longtan Formation of the Late Permian is widely distributed in Southwest China, including the northwestern Guizhou, southeastern Sichuan, and northern Yunnan regions. This coal typically has a high sulfur content. Eighty-two coal samples were collected from the coal strata in 11 counties spanning this area, including underground mine coal, native outcrop coal and man-made outcrop coal. The mercury, total fluorine, total sulfur, and sulfate contents and pH values were determined. The results showed that the average mercury content in native outcrop coal was 2233 ng/g, whereas that in underground mine coal was 306 ng/g, and the relative enrichment factor could reach 6.6. There was no significant difference in the total fluorine content among the three types of coals; furthermore, the total sulfur content in native outcrop coal and man-made outcrop coal was higher than that in underground mine coal because of the local policy, which strictly prohibits the mining of high-sulfur coal. Native outcrop coal is acidic, with a total average pH of 3.54 and an average sulfate content as high as 13,390 μg/g. In contrast, underground coal is almost neutral (average pH 7.33), with a low sulfate content (average 3221 μg/g). These characterizations indicate that native outcrop coal has been subjected to long-term weathering and the mercury enrichment is likely due to migration, oxidation, and precipitation of Hg from the underground coal seam and enriched in loose and pulverized coal particles. Further investigation is needed to determine whether other outcrop areas are affected by this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Hong
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, Anhui, China
| | - Kang Yang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Handong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, Anhui, China
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Liu K, Wu Q, Wang S, Chang X, Tang Y, Wang L, Liu T, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Chen J. Improved atmospheric mercury simulation using updated gas-particle partition and organic aerosol concentrations. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 119:106-118. [PMID: 35934455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The gaseous or particulate forms of divalent mercury (HgII) significantly impact the spatial distribution of atmospheric mercury concentration and deposition flux (FLX). In the new nested-grid GEOS-Chem model, we try to modify the HgII gas-particle partitioning relationship with synchronous and hourly observations at four sites in China. Observations of gaseous oxidized Hg (GOM), particulate-bound Hg (PBM), and PM2.5 were used to derive an empirical gas-particle partitioning coefficient as a function of temperature (T) and organic aerosol (OA) concentrations under different relative humidity (RH). Results showed that with increasing RH, the dominant process of HgII gas-particle partitioning changed from physical adsorption to chemical desorption. And the dominant factor of HgII gas-particle partitioning changed from T to OA concentrations. We thus improved the simulated OA concentration field by introducing intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) emission inventory into the model framework and refining the volatile distributions of I/SVOCs according to new filed tests in the recent literatures. Finally, normalized mean biases (NMBs) of monthly gaseous element mercury (GEM), GOM, PBM, WFLX were reduced from -33%-29%, 95%-300%, 64%-261%, 117%-122% to -13%-0%, -20%-80%, -31%-50%, -17%-23%. The improved model explains 69%-98% of the observed atmospheric Hg decrease during 2013-2020 and can serve as a useful tool to evaluate the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention on Mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyun Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingru Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xing Chang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Tang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Long Wang
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong provincial academy of environmental science, Guangzhou 510045, China
| | - Tonghao Liu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qin'geng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinsheng Chen
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmos. Environ., Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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Dai L, Meng J, Zhao X, Li Q, Shi B, Wu M, Zhang Q, Su G, Hu J, Shu X. High-spatial-resolution VOCs emission from the petrochemical industries and its differential regional effect on soil in typical economic zones of China. Sci Total Environ 2022; 827:154318. [PMID: 35257751 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are toxic to the ecological environment. The emission of VOCs into the atmosphere has already caused attention. However, few studies focus on their regional effects on soil. As a major VOCs source in China, research on the effect of petrochemical industry on the environment is urgent and essential for regional control and industrial layout. This study established national VOCs emission inventory of five petrochemical sub-industries and spatial distribution based on consumption of raw material or products' yield and 28,888 factories. The VOCs emissions showed continuously increasing trend from 2008 to 2019, with cumulative 1.83 × 107 t, wherein these from rapid economic development zones accounted for 66.10%. The detected concentrations of VOCs in various industries combined with meteorological parameters were used in Resistance Model to quantify regional dry deposition. Higher concentrations of 111 VOC species were 238.27, 260.01, 207.54 μg·m-3 from large-scale enterprises for crude oil and natural gas extraction, oil processing, synthetic rubber and resin, leading to higher deposition ratios of 0.81%-0.94%, 0.70%-0.81%, 1.50%-1.75% in rapid economic development zones, respectively. The regional climate condition played a dominant role. Annual VOCs dry deposition amount in rapid economic development zones was calculated to be totally 6.38 × 103 t using obtained deposition ratios and emissions, with 3.21 × 103 t in Bohai Economic Rim (BER), 2.42 × 103 t in Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), 748.43 t in Pearl River Delta (PRD). Generally, crude oil and natural gas extraction, oil processing, synthetic rubber and resin contributed 13.09%, 57.77% and 29.14%, respectively. The proportion of synthetic rubber and resin for dry deposition increased by 5.04%-18.81% compared with VOCs emissions in BER and YREB. In contrast, it declined from 45.52% for emission to 29.86% for deposition due to absolute dominance of small-scale enterprises in PRD. Overall, VOCs control from oil processing was significant, especially in BER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwen Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingge Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guijin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinqian Shu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
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Nguyen LSP, Nguyen KT, Griffith SM, Sheu GR, Yen MC, Chang SC, Lin NH. Multiscale Temporal Variations of Atmospheric Mercury Distinguished by the Hilbert-Huang Transform Analysis Reveals Multiple El Niño-Southern Oscillation Links. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:1423-1432. [PMID: 34961321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric mercury (Hg) cycling is sensitive to climate-driven changes, but links with various teleconnections remain unestablished. Here, we revealed the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence on gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations recorded at a background station in East Asia using the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). The timing and magnitude of GEM intrinsic variations were clearly distinguished by ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), revealing the amplitude of the GEM concentration interannual variability (IAV) is greater than that for diurnal and seasonal variability. We show that changes in the annual cycle of GEM were modulated by significant IAVs at time scales of 2-7 years, highlighted by a robust GEM IAV-ENSO relationship of the associated intrinsic mode functions. With confirmation that ENSO modulates the GEM annual cycle, we then found that weaker GEM annual cycles may have resulted from El Niño-accelerated Hg evasion from the ocean. Furthermore, the relationship between ENSO and GEM is sensitive to extreme events (i.e., 2015-2016 El Niño), resulting in perturbation of the long-term trend and atmospheric Hg cycling. Future climate change will likely increase the number of extreme El Niño events and, hence, could alter atmospheric Hg cycling and influence the effectiveness evaluation of the Minamata Convention on Mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Sy Phu Nguyen
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
- Faculty of Environment, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Kien Trong Nguyen
- Faculty of Electronics Engineering, Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Stephen M Griffith
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Rong Sheu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Monitoring and Technology, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Yen
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
| | | | - Neng-Huei Lin
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Monitoring and Technology, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
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Fang GC, Kao CL, Zhuang YJ, Huang PW. Ambient air particulates and Hg(p) concentrations and dry depositions estimations, distributions for various particles sizes ranges. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2021; 56:705-712. [PMID: 34038315 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1918976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air TSP concentrations, dry deposition fluxes and particulate-bound mercury (Hg(p)) concentrations were measured and analyzed at a complex (traffic, residential and commercial) site. Zhang and He's model[1] was used to predict the dry deposition fluxes of ambient air particulates and Hg(p) at this complex site. The results revealed that October had the highest mean particulate concentration and lowest Hp(p) concentration and dry deposition flux. The mean calculated dry deposition fluxes of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 accounted for 1%-2% and 0.06%-5% of the average total calculated dry deposition particle flux, respectively. The average calculated particle dry depositions flux of PM10+, accounted for 93%-99% of the average total calculated dry depositions particle flux. Finally, the model of Zhang and He underestimated the ambient air dry depositions fluxes of both particulates and Hg(p) for all particles sizes (PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10+) at the mixed site in this study. Better results concerning the dry deposition fluxes of pollutants were obtained as the particles size increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guor-Cheng Fang
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, HungKuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lang Kao
- National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Jie Zhuang
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, HungKuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Wen Huang
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, HungKuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Li C, Sun J, Shi J, Liang H, Cao Q, Li Z, Gao Y. Mercury sources in a subterranean spontaneous combustion area. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 201:110863. [PMID: 32544749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a toxic, persistent, and mobile contaminant. Coal spontaneous combustion are widely distributed in the world and releases a great deal of Hg. Identifying the burning coal seam is crucial for quickly extinguishing a coalfield fire. Mercury isotopes can be effective for identifying burning coal seams and beneficial for combating coal spontaneous combustion. In this study, Hg isotopic ratios of coal, topsoil, dustfall, sand, coal fire sponges (CFS), and n-topsoil (topsoil near the CFS) from coal fire area No. 9 in the Wuda coalfield were determined using multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS). Analysis of the correlation coefficients between the δ202Hg and Hg concentrations and the low-temperature ashes indicate that the higher mineral concentration in coal seam No. 9 not only increases the Hg concentration but also leads to more positive δ202Hg values compared to those for coal seam No. 10. By analyzing the Hg isotope characterizations in coal seam No. 9 and No. 10, we determined that Hg isotope characterizations can be useful for discriminating different coal seam Hg values in a coalfield. Significant mass-dependent fractionation (MDF) occur in the coal burning. The fractionation effect of burning and absorption process can play a key role in the δ202Hg more negative of ground surface samples. If Hg isotopes is added, the effect of coal-fire monitoring may be better. In addition, these finding could be used to better understand the transport and cycling of Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jiacong Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiyan Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Handong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Qingyi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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