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Kipkoech R, Takase M. Production of Biodiesel from Nonedible Parkia biglobosa Oil under Acidic Condition. ScientificWorldJournal 2023; 2023:3892348. [PMID: 38058746 PMCID: PMC10696471 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3892348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, biodiesel was produced from Parkia biglobosa oil via optimization of transesterification reaction conditions, (methanol to oil ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time) under sulphuric acid catalyst (H2SO4). The oil was first extracted from Parkia biglobosa seeds using the Soxhlet extraction method. The physicochemical properties of the biodiesel were analysed and then compared to international standards. Subsequently, the oil was then used to produce biodiesel at optimized transesterification reaction conditions. The free fatty acid (FFA) content of the oil was 1.61% w/w, while the saponification value (mgKOH/g) was 191.65. The maximum yield (percentage weight) of the biodiesel produced was 93.4% at the maximum transesterification conditions of methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6 : 1, sulphuric acid catalyst amount of 3 wt%, reaction temperature of 65°C, and reaction time of 1.5 h. The biodiesel produced was within the limits of international standards as per the specification by ASTM D6751 (American standard), EN 14241 (European standard), and Ghana Standard Authority. It was therefore recommended that biodiesel from Parkia biglobosa seed oil under acidic catalytic condition is a potential new substitute for petroleum diesel for commercialization purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogers Kipkoech
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Mohammed Takase
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Eswaramoorthi Y, Pandian S, Sahadevan R. Kinetic studies on the extraction of oil from a new feedstock (Chukrasia tabularis L. seed) for biodiesel production using a heterogeneous catalyst. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:14565-14579. [PMID: 36151438 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23163-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study has identified a new feedstock Chukrasia tabularis L. (C. tabularis) seed for the production of biodiesel. Oil was extracted from the seeds with and without autoclave-assisted ultrasonic homogenization (AUH) pretreatment using different solvents. The solvent n-hexane with AUH pretreatment yielded a maximum oil yield of 32 wt%. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the extraction process were studied in a batch. The data showed that extraction followed first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 1.4 × 10-4 min-1, activation energy of 63.604 kJ mol-1 and pre-exponential factors of 66.66 × 104 s-1. The physiochemical properties of the oil were determined from which it was identified that C. tabularis oil has high free fatty acid (FFA) content, requiring a single-step esterification cum transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel economically. The modified aryl diazonium salt reduction process was used to synthesize a heterogeneous acid catalyst (HAC) from activated carbon precursor and was used to catalyze biodiesel reaction. Furthermore, HAC was characterized by different analytical techniques and it was found that it had an acid site density of 1.02 mmol g-1 and a specific surface area of 602 m2 g-1. The parameters affecting the biodiesel process were studied to obtain a maximum biodiesel conversion of 98.5% at 6 wt% catalyst loading, 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 120 min reaction time, 70 ºC reaction temperature, and 500 rpm stirring rate. Reusability studies were performed which showed that HAC can be recycled up to five cycles with a conversion above 90% in the fifth cycle. Moreover, the fuel properties of biodiesel were determined using standard methods and were compared with ASTM D6751 and EN14241 standards.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sivakumar Pandian
- School of Petroleum Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, 382426, India
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Mercado JP, Ubando AT, Gonzaga JA, Naqvi SR. Life cycle assessment of a biomass based chemical looping combustion. Environ Res 2023; 217:114876. [PMID: 36435501 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a promising technology that generates energy while inherently separating carbon dioxide from air using oxygen carriers. This allows for an efficient and cost-effective means of carbon capture and storage. Current CLC systems use coal with metal oxides for combustion in the fuel reactor, thus, resulting in some environmental impacts. Recent life cycle assessment (LCA) of CLC studies have indicated the environmental impacts of conventional coal-based CLC, especially on the global warming potential. To mitigate these environmental impacts, this study proposes the use of a biomass-based CLC and evaluates its impacts using LCA. A case study in the Philippines is adopted where rice husks are used as biomass feedstock. A kilowatt-hour of electricity generated from the CLC plant is utilized as the functional unit. A relative comparison of environmental impacts was considered between the coal-based power plant, the coal-based CLC plant, and the biomass-based CLC plant. The single score results have shown that the biomass-based CLC has the least environmental impacts relative to the coal-based power plant and the coal-based CLC plant. However, it is noted that water consumption is the main drawback of utilizing rice husks as CLC biomass feedstock. The majority of the environmental impacts of the coal-based CLC and the coal-based power plant were derived from upstream processes such as coal mining and processing. With the use of rice husks as CLC biomass feedstock, net negative emissions were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Patrick Mercado
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila, 0922, Philippines
| | - Aristotle T Ubando
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila, 0922, Philippines; Thermomechanical Analysis Laboratory, De La Salle University, Laguna Campus, LTI Spine Road, Laguna Blvd, Biñan, Laguna, 4024, Philippines; Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila, 0922, Philippines.
| | - Jeremias A Gonzaga
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila, 0922, Philippines; Thermomechanical Analysis Laboratory, De La Salle University, Laguna Campus, LTI Spine Road, Laguna Blvd, Biñan, Laguna, 4024, Philippines
| | - Salman Raza Naqvi
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Alsaiari M, Ahmad M, Munir M, Zafar M, Sultana S, Dawood S, Almohana AI, Hassan M H AM, Alharbi AF, Ahmad Z. Efficient application of newly synthesized green Bi 2O 3 nanoparticles for sustainable biodiesel production via membrane reactor. Chemosphere 2023; 310:136838. [PMID: 36244423 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of waste and non-edible oil seeds coupled with green nanotechnology offered a pushover to sustainable and economical biofuels and bio refinery production globally. The current study encompasses the synthesis and application of novel green, highly reactive and recyclable bismuth oxide nanocatalyst derived from Euphorbia royealeana (Falc.) Boiss. leaves extract via biological method for sustainable biofuel synthesis from highly potent Cannabis sativa seed oil (34% w/w) via membrane reactors. Advanced techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Diffraction X-Ray (EDX), and FT-IR were employed to illustrate the newly synthesized green bismuth oxide nanoparticles. 92% of FAMEs were produced under optimal reaction conditions such as a 1.5% w/w catalyst weight, 1:12 oil to methanol molar ratio, and a reaction temperature of 92 ⸰C for 3.5 h via membrane reactor. The synthesized Cannabis biodiesel was identified using the FT-IR and GC-MS techniques. The fuel properties of synthesized biofuels (acid number 0.203 mg KOH/g, density 0.8623 kg/L, kinematic viscosity 5.32 cSt, flash point 80 °C, pour point -11 °C, cloud point -11 °C, and Sulfur 0.00047 wt %, and carbon residues 0.2) were studied and established to be comparable with internationally set parameters. The experimental data (R2 = 0.997) shows that this reaction follow pseudo first-order kinetics. These findings affirm the application of green bismuth oxide nanoparticles as economical, highly reactive and eco-friendly candidate for industrial scale biodiesel production from non-edible oil seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabkhoot Alsaiari
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano Research Centre, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia; Empty Quarter Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Art in Sharurah, Najran University, Sharurah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Mamoona Munir
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sumreen Dawood
- Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz Ibrahim Almohana
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Zubair Ahmad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, South Korea.
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Chaudhry B, Akhtar MS, Ahmad M, Munir M, Zafar M, Alhajeri NS, Al-Muhtaseb AH, Ahmad Z, Hasan M, Bokhari A. Membrane based reactors for sustainable treatment of Coronopus didymus L. by developing Iodine doped potassium oxide Catalyst under Dynamic conditions. Chemosphere 2022; 303:135138. [PMID: 35636597 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Green nano-technology together with the availability of eco-friendly and alternative sources are the promising candidates to combat environment deteriorations and energy clutches globally. The current work focuses on the synthesis and application of newly synthesized nano catalyst of Iodine doped Potassium oxide I (K2O) for producing sustainable biodiesel from novel non-edible seed oils of Coronopus didymus L. using membrane based contactor to avoid emulsification and phase separation issues. Highest biodiesel yield (97.03%) was obtained under optimum conditions of 12:1 methanol to oil ratio, reaction temperature of 65 °C for 150 min with the 1.0 wt% catalyst concentration. The lately synthesized, environment friendly and recyclable Iodine doped Potassium oxide K (IO)2 catalyst was synthesized via chemical method followed by characterization via advanced techniques including EDX, XRD, FTIR and SEM analysis. The catalyst was proved to be stable and efficient with the reusability of five times in transesterification reaction. These analysis have reported the sustainability, stability and good quality of biodiesel from seed oil of Coronopus didymus L. using efficient Iodine doped potassium oxide catalyst. Thus, non-edible, environment friendly and novel Coronopus didymus L. seeds and their extracted oil along with Iodine doped potassium oxide catalyst seems to be highly affective, sustainable and better alternative source to the future biodiesel industry. Also, by altering the reaction equilibrium and lowering the purification phases of the process, these studies show the potential of coupling transesterification and a membrane contactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisha Chaudhry
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed Akhtar
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mamoona Munir
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nawaf S Alhajeri
- Environmental Technology Management Department, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait.
| | - Ala'a H Al-Muhtaseb
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mudassir Hasan
- College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awais Bokhari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus Lahore 54000 Punjab, Pakistan; Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Tan Z, Chen G, Zhao Y, Shi H, Wang S, Bilal M, Li D, Li X. Digging and identification of novel microorganisms from the soil environments with high methanol-tolerant lipase production for biodiesel preparation. Environ Res 2022; 212:113570. [PMID: 35671798 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Converting renewable biomass into carbon-neutral biofuels is one of the most effective strategies to achieve zero carbon emissions and contribute to environmental protection. Microorganisms from the soil were primarily screened on the rhodamine B-plate for highly-active lipase producing strains and re-screened on a tributyrin-methanol plate using crude lipases produced from the initially screened-out strains. The lipase-producing strains with higher methanol-tolerant lipase were identified based on morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequencing. The crude lipases with much higher methanol-tolerance from screened top-4 strains, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia D18, Lysinibacillus fusiformis B23, Acinetobacter junii C69, and A. pittii C95 showed temperature optima of 25 °C, 35 °C, 30 °C, and 30 °C at pH 7.0, respectively, while their pH optima were 8.0, 7.0, 7.5, and 7.5 at each optimum temperature, respectively. After 24-h incubation, they retained more than 85% of their original activities in 25%, 15%, 20%, and 20% of methanol, respectively. They catalyzed the conversion of soybean oil into biodiesel by yields of 63.1%, 35.4%, 74.6%, and 78.5% after 24-h reactions, respectively. In conclusion, the as-isolated microorganisms producing high methanol-tolerant lipase are considered promising to provide robust biocatalyst for efficient biodiesel preparation and other industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbiao Tan
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Yipin Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Hao Shi
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China.
| | - Shiyan Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
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8
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Sarwer A, Hussain M, Al‐Muhtaseb AH, Inayat A, Rafiq S, Khurram MS, Ul‐Haq N, Shah NS, Alaud Din A, Ahmad I, Jamil F. Suitability of Biofuels Production on Commercial Scale from Various Feedstocks: A Critical Review. ChemBioEng Reviews 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Sarwer
- COMSATS University Islamabad CUI Department of Chemical Engineering Lahore Pakistan
| | - Murid Hussain
- COMSATS University Islamabad CUI Department of Chemical Engineering Lahore Pakistan
| | - Ala'a H. Al‐Muhtaseb
- Sultan Qaboos University Department Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering College of Engineering Muscat Oman
| | - Abrar Inayat
- University of Sharjah Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Sikander Rafiq
- University of Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering New Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - M. Shahzad Khurram
- COMSATS University Islamabad CUI Department of Chemical Engineering Lahore Pakistan
| | - Noaman Ul‐Haq
- COMSATS University Islamabad CUI Department of Chemical Engineering Lahore Pakistan
| | - Noor Samad Shah
- COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Environmental Sciences Campus 61100 Vehari Pakistan
| | - Aamir Alaud Din
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE) School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE) H-12 Campus 44000 Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Ishaq Ahmad
- University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar Department of Mining Engineering Peshwar Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Jamil
- COMSATS University Islamabad CUI Department of Chemical Engineering Lahore Pakistan
- Sultan Qaboos University Department Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering College of Engineering Muscat Oman
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Mohd Johari SA, Ayoub M, Inayat A, Ullah S, Uroos M, Naqvi SR, Farukkh S. Utilization of Dairy Scum Waste as a Feedstock for Biodiesel Production via Different Heating Sources for Catalytic Transesterification. ChemBioEng Reviews 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Aminah Mohd Johari
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS HiCoE, Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR) Institute of Sustainable Living (ISB) 32610 Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Chemical Engineering Department 32610 Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ayoub
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS HiCoE, Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR) Institute of Sustainable Living (ISB) 32610 Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Chemical Engineering Department 32610 Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia
| | - Abrar Inayat
- University of Sharjah Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Sami Ullah
- King Khalid University Department of Chemistry, College of Science POB: 9004 61413 Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Maliha Uroos
- University of the Punjab Centre for Research in Ionic Liquids Institute of Chemistry 54000 Lahore Pakistan
| | - Salman Raza Naqvi
- National University of Science and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sarah Farukkh
- National University of Science and Technology School of Chemical & Materials Engineering Islamabad Pakistan
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Wang Y, Muhammad Y, Yu S, Fu T, Liu K, Tong Z, Hu X, Zhang H. Preparation of Ca- and Na-Modified Activated Clay as a Promising Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification. Applied Sciences 2022; 12:4667. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
For efficient biodiesel production, an acid-activated clay (AC) modified by calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide (CaNa/AC) was prepared as a catalyst. CaNa/AC and Na/AC were characterized by Hammett indicators, CO2-TPD, FT-IR, XRD, and N2 adsorption techniques. The influence of catalyst dose, reaction temperature, methanol/oil molar ratio, and reaction time on the transesterification of Jatropha oil was studied. Due to the introduction of calcium, CaNa/AC displayed a higher activity and stability, thereby achieving an oil conversion of 97% under the optimal reaction conditions and maintaining over 80% activity after five successive reuses. The reaction was accelerated as the temperature rose, and the apparent activation energy of CaNa/AC was 75.6 kJ·mol−1. The enhanced biodiesel production by CaNa/AC was ascribed to the increase in active sites and higher basic strength. This study presents a facile and practical method for producing biodiesel on large-scale operation.
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Saeed M, Riaz A, Intisar A, Iqbal Zafar M, Fatima H, Howari H, Alhodaib A, Waseem A. Synthesis, characterization and application of organoclays for adsorptive desulfurization of fuel oil. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7362. [PMID: 35513408 PMCID: PMC9072406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study encompasses the application of cost effective, organo-modified bentonite material for efficient desulfurization of model oil and real fuel. For the adsorptive desulfurization of oil, dibenzothiophene (DBT) was used as model compound. Various experimental parameters (time, temperature, adsorbent-amount and DBT concentration) were thoroughly investigated. The synthesized material was characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The modification exhibits the increase in interlayer spacing of clay as confirmed from XRD and modified material shows interesting morphology as compared to unmodified bentonite. The results showed that > 90% of DBT removal was achieved under optimized conditions for B-BTC, B-BTB and B-DSS and > 80% for B-BEHA, for model fuel oil which are greater than unmodified clay (< 45%). Additionally, the findings from desulfurization of real fuel oil declare that 96.76% and 95.83% removal efficiency was achieved for kerosene and diesel oil respectively, at optimized conditions and fuel properties follow ASTM specifications. The obtained findings well fitted with thermodynamic, isothermal (Langmuir) with adsorption capacity (70.8 (B-BTC), 66 (B-BTB), 61.2 (B-DSS) and 55.2 (B-BEHA) in mg/g) and pseudo-second-order kinetics. In thermodynamic studies, negative sign ([Formula: see text] specifies the spontaneity whereas, [Formula: see text] endothermic and positive sign [Formula: see text] show randomness after DBT adsorption onto organoclay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Riaz
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Azeem Intisar
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Iqbal Zafar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Humaria Fatima
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Haidar Howari
- Department of Physics, Deanship of Educational Services, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiyeshah Alhodaib
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amir Waseem
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Bhattacharyya S. Transesterification of Yellow Oleander seed oil, its utilization as biodiesel and performance evaluation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09250. [PMID: 35450388 PMCID: PMC9018150 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional fossil fuels are our primary source of energy, but due to the rapidly increasing human population and their never-ending demands is diminishing the petroleum reserves quickly as they are in a limited stock inside the earth and the pollution caused by fossil fuels is a matter of great concern, so we need an alternative safe, clean & green source of fuel. Biodiesel is attracting everyone's eyes as an alternative and renewable energy. In this study, feedstock was prepared, and the oil was extracted from Thevetia peruviana seeds and transesterified. The transesterified biodiesel oil's physical and chemical properties were determined and compared with the universal standard values. The GC-MS and FTIR were used to determine fatty acids and esters present in the transesterified biodiesel oil. The novelty in this study is that the use of this novel method which produces an outstanding quality of Biodiesel oil, the methods employed in the analysis and determination of physicochemical properties and the chemical structure of the Thevetia Peruviana Biodiesel Oil and comparing these properties to check its usability as Biodiesel and the new type of non-edible oilseeds (Yellow Oleander) seeds used as a source of the biodiesel oil. Yellow Oleander seeds were collected, and their oil was extracted. The oil was transesterified, and its physicochemical properties were determined. The oil properties were compared with the properties of Biodiesel, Diesel. The oil properties were compared with the properties of B10, B20.
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Ahmed H, Altalhi AA, Elbanna SA, El-Saied HA, Farag AA, Negm NA, Mohamed EA. Effect of Reaction Parameters on Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Cooking Oil for Production of Sustainable Biodiesel and Biojet by Functionalized Montmorillonite/Chitosan Nanocomposites. ACS Omega 2022; 7:4585-4594. [PMID: 35155949 PMCID: PMC8829930 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of waste oils as pyrolysis feedstocks to manufacture high-grade biofuels has prompted researchers to focus on developing renewable energy to overcome the depletion of fossil fuel supplies and the global warming phenomena. Because of their high hydrogen and volatile matter concentration, waste oils are ideal raw materials for the production of biofuels. It is challenging to attain satisfactory results with conventional methods, such as transesterification, gasification, solvent extraction, and hydrotreating due to flaws such as high energy demand, long time, and high operating costs. Catalytic pyrolysis of waste edible oils was employed as a resource for the generation of biodiesel. The application of the catalytic cracking process has the potential to alleviate the existing situation. In this study of catalytic cracking conversion of waste cooking oil to produce different biofuels, grades were investigated using two heterogeneous catalysts. The catalysts were activated montmorillonite (PAMMT) clay and its modified form using a chitosan biopolymer (PAMMT-CH) nanocomposite. The catalysts were identified using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, transmittance electron microscopy images, surface area, and thermal stability. The catalysts were tested for their performances using different amounts (0.1-1% by weight) at a temperature assortment of 200-400 °C during a time range of 60-300 min. The experimental studies were carried out in a batch reactor. GC mass spectra were used to investigate the catalytic cracking products. Fractional distillation is used to separate the final products from various reaction conditions. The physicochemical properties of resulting biofuels were profiled by quantifying their densities, viscosities, specific gravities, pour points, flash and fire points, cetane numbers, carbon and ash residues, and sulfur contents. The optimum conditions of the yield product were 300 and 400 °C, catalyst weights of 0.7 and 0.8% w/v, and reaction times of 120 and 180 min concerning the (PAMMT) and (PAMMT-CH) nanocomposite, respectively. The determined properties were located within the limits of the specific standards of ASTM specifications. As a result, the PAMMT nanocomposite produced biofuel comparable to biodiesel according to ASTM specifications, while the PAMMT-CH nanocomposite produced biofuel comparable to biojet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan
A. Ahmed
- Egyptian
Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
| | - Amal A. Altalhi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh A. Elbanna
- Egyptian
Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
| | - Hend A. El-Saied
- Egyptian
Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Farag
- Egyptian
Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
| | - Nabel A. Negm
- Egyptian
Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
| | - Eslam A. Mohamed
- Egyptian
Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
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14
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Nawaz S, Ahmad M, Asif S, Klemeš JJ, Mubashir M, Munir M, Zafar M, Bokhari A, Mukhtar A, Saqib S, Khoo KS, Show PL. Phyllosilicate derived catalysts for efficient conversion of lignocellulosic derived biomass to biodiesel: A review. Bioresour Technol 2022; 343:126068. [PMID: 34626762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The efforts have been made to review phyllosilicate derived (clay-based) heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production via lignocellulose derived feedstocks. These catalysts have many practical and potential applications in green catalysis. Phyllosilicate derived heterogeneous catalysts (modified via any of these approaches like acid activated clays, ion exchanged clays and layered double hydroxides) exhibits excellent catalytic activity for producing cost effective and high yield biodiesel. The combination of different protocols (intercalated catalysts, ion exchanged catalysts, acidic activated clay catalysts, clay-supported catalysts, composites and hybrids, pillared interlayer clay catalysts, and hierarchically structured catalysts) was implemented so as to achieve the synergetic effects (acidic-basic) in resultant material (catalyst) for efficient conversion of lignocellulose derived feedstock (non-edible oils) to biodiesel. Utilisation of these Phyllosilicate derived catalysts will pave path for future researchers to investigate the cost-effective, accessible and improved approaches in synthesising novel catalysts that could be used for converting lignocellulosic biomass to eco-friendly biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumra Nawaz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saira Asif
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46300, Pakistan
| | - Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Muhammad Mubashir
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mamoona Munir
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Awais Bokhari
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic; Chemical Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Mukhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering and Fertilizer Research Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Saqib
- Chemical Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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15
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Gao Z, Ma Y, Liu Y, Wang Q. Waste cooking oil used as carbon source for microbial lipid production: Promoter or inhibitor. Environ Res 2022; 203:111881. [PMID: 34411547 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, waste cooking oil (WCO) co-fermentation with food waste by variable pH strategy was developed for microbial lipid production. Results showed that when WCO substitution rate within the range of 1.56-4.68% (corresponding to the WCO content in food waste), lipid production from Rhodosporidium toruloides 2.1389 could be increased by 7.2 g/kg food waste because of the better synergistic effect. Mechanism analysis revealed that the fatty acid salt produced from WCO under alkaline condition, as a surface active agent, could improve lipid production, but excessive WCO (29.2 g/L) would inhibit the lipid production due to its hindrance to the oxygen. The lipid composition analysis found that the produced lipid could be used as raw material for biodiesel production. It was estimated that 15.0 million tonnes of biodiesel could be produced from global food waste yearly by adopting the proposed WCO co-fermentation with variable pH strategy, together with reduction of about 0.31 million tonnes of CO2 equivalents and 1435 tonnes of SO2. It is expected that this study may lead to the paradigm shift in future biodiesel production from food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yingqun Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, PR China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
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16
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Abstract
We assess computationally the adsorption of a series of nitrogen containing heterocycles and fatty acid amides from bio-oil on a model clay surface, Na-montmorillonite. The adsorption energies and conformations predicted by atomistic detail molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are compared against density functional theory (DFT) based molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP) and Hirshfeld, AIM, Merz-Singh-Kollman, and ChelpG charges. MD predicts systematically adsorption via cation bridging with adsorption strength of the heterocycles following purine > pyridine > imidazole > pyrrole > indole > quinoline. The fatty acid amides adsorption strength follows the steric availability and bulkiness of the head group. A comparison against the DFT calculations shows that MEP predicts adsorption geometries and the MD simulations reproduce the conformations for single adsorption site species. However, the DFT derived charge distibutions show that MD force-fields with non-polarizable fixed partial charge representations parametrized for aqueous environments cannot be used in apolar solvent environments without careful accuracy considerations. The overall trends in adsorption energies are reproduced by the Charmm GenFF employed in the MD simulations but the adsorption energies are systematically overestimated in this apolar solvent environment. The work has significance both for revealing nitrogen compound adsorption trends in technologically relevant bio oil environments but also as a methodological assessment revealing the limits of state of the art biomolecular force-fields and simulation protocols in apolar bioenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa Vuorte
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Susanna Kuitunen
- Neste Engineering Solutions Oy, P.O. Box 310, FI-06101 Porvoo, Finland
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. .,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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17
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Tariq S, Saeed M, Zahid U, Munir M, Intisar A, Asad Riaz M, Riaz A, Waqas M, Abid HMW. Green and eco-friendly adsorption of dyes with organoclay: isothermal, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1975751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahzaib Tariq
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Usman Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maimoona Munir
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Azeem Intisar
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Aqsa Riaz
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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