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Toader G, Diacon A, Rotariu T, Alexandru M, Rusen E, Ginghină RE, Alexe F, Oncioiu R, Zorila FL, Podaru A, Moldovan AE, Pulpea D, Gavrilă AM, Iordache TV, Șomoghi R. Eco-Friendly Peelable Active Nanocomposite Films Designed for Biological and Chemical Warfare Agents Decontamination. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3999. [PMID: 34833298 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of imminent threats concerning biological and chemical warfare agents, the aim of this study was the development of a new method for biological and chemical decontamination, employing non-toxic, film-forming, water-based biodegradable solutions, using a nano sized reagent together with bentonite as trapping agents for the biological and chemical contaminants. Bentonite-supported nanoparticles of Cu, TiO2, and Ag were successfully synthesized and dispersed in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/glycerol (GLY) aqueous solution. The decontamination effectiveness of the proposed solutions was evaluated by qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques on various micro-organisms, with sulfur mustard (HD) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) as contaminants. The results indicate that the peelable active nanocomposite films can be successfully used on contaminated surfaces to neutralize and entrap the hazardous materials and their degradation products. Mechanical and thermal characterization of the polymeric films was also performed to validate the decontamination solution's potential as peelable-film generating materials. The removal efficacy from the contaminated surfaces for the tested micro-organisms varied between 93% and 97%, while for the chemical agent HD, the highest decontamination factor obtained was 90.89%. DMMP was almost completely removed from the contaminated surfaces, and a decontamination factor of 99.97% was obtained.
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Li T, Tsyshevsky R, Algrim L, McEntee M, Durke EM, Eichhorn B, Karwacki C, Zachariah MR, Kuklja MM, Rodriguez EE. Understanding Dimethyl Methylphosphonate Adsorption and Decomposition on Mesoporous CeO 2. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:54597-54609. [PMID: 34730932 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increased risk of chemical warfare agent usage around the world has intensified the search for high-surface-area materials that can strongly adsorb and actively decompose chemical warfare agents. Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) is a widely used simulant molecule in laboratory studies for the investigation of the adsorption and decomposition behavior of sarin (GB) gas. In this paper, we explore how DMMP interacts with the as-synthesized mesoporous CeO2. Our mass spectroscopy and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy measurements indicate that DMMP can dissociate on mesoporous CeO2 at room temperature. Two DMMP dissociation pathways are observed. Based on our characterization of the as-synthesized material, we built the pristine and hydroxylated (110) and (111) CeO2 surfaces and simulated the DMMP interaction on these surfaces with density functional theory modeling. Our calculations reveal an extremely low activation energy barrier for DMMP dissociation on the (111) pristine CeO2 surface, which very likely leads to the high activity of mesoporous CeO2 for DMMP decomposition at room temperature. The two reaction pathways are possibly due to the DMMP dissociation on the pristine and hydroxylated CeO2 surfaces. The significantly higher activation energy barrier for DMMP to decompose on the hydroxylated CeO2 surface implies that such a reaction on the hydroxylated CeO2 surface may occur at higher temperatures or proceed after the pristine CeO2 surfaces are saturated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Roman Tsyshevsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lucas Algrim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Monica McEntee
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 8198 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Erin M Durke
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 8198 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Bryan Eichhorn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Christopher Karwacki
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 8198 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Michael R Zachariah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Maija M Kuklja
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Efrain E Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Magnano GC, Rui F, Larese Filon F. Skin decontamination procedures against potential hazards substances exposure. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 344:109481. [PMID: 34051209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Decontamination of unprotected skin areas is crucial to prevent excessive penetration of chemical contaminants after criminal or accidental release. A review of literature studies was performed to identify the available decontamination methods adopted to treat skin contamination after chemical, radiological and metal exposures. In this bibliographic review, an overview of the old and recent works on decontamination procedures followed in case of potential hazards substances contaminations with a comparison between these systems are provided. Almost all data from our 95 selected studies conducted in vitro and in vivo revealed that a rapid skin decontamination process is the most efficient way to reduce the risk of intoxication. The commonly-used or recommended conventional procedures are simple rinsing with water only or soapy water. However, this approach has some limitations because an easy removal by flushing may not be sufficient to decontaminate all chemical deposited on the skin, and skin absorption can be enhanced by the wash-in effect. Other liquid solutions or systems as adsorbent powders, mobilizing agents, chelation therapy are also applied as decontaminants, but till nowadays does not exist a decontamination method which can be adopted in all situations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more efficient and successful decontaminating formulations.
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Denet E, Espina-Benitez MB, Pitault I, Pollet T, Blaha D, Bolzinger MA, Rodriguez-Nava V, Briançon S. Metal oxide nanoparticles for the decontamination of toxic chemical and biological compounds. Int J Pharm 2020; 583:119373. [PMID: 32339629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
For several years, the international context is deeply affected by the use of chemical and biological weapons. The use of CBRN (Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear) threat agents from military stockpiles or biological civilian industry demonstrate the critical need to improve capabilities of decontamination for civilians and military. Physical decontamination systems that operate only by adsorption and displacement such as Fuller's Earth, have the drawback of not neutralizing hazardous agents, giving place to cross contaminations. Consequently, the development of a formulation based on metal oxide nanoparticles attracts considerable interest, since they offer physicochemical properties that allow them to both adsorb and degrade toxic compounds. Thus, the aim of this study is to found metal oxide nanoparticles with a versatile activity on both chemical and biological toxic agents. Therefore, several metal oxides such as MgO, TiO2, CeO2, ZnO and ZrO2 were characterized and their decontamination kinetics of less-toxic surrogate of VX, paraoxon, were studied in vitro. To determine the antimicrobial activity of these nanoparticles, simulants of biological terrorist threat were used by performing a 3-hours decontamination kinetics. This proof-of-concept study showed that MgO is the only one that exhibits both chemical and antibacterial actions but without sporicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Denet
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne (UMR CNRS 5557, INRAe 1418), Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Maria Betzabeth Espina-Benitez
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologique, F-69373 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Isabelle Pitault
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Didier Blaha
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne (UMR CNRS 5557, INRAe 1418), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Alexandrine Bolzinger
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologique, F-69373 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Veronica Rodriguez-Nava
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne (UMR CNRS 5557, INRAe 1418), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stéphanie Briançon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologique, F-69373 Villeurbanne, France.
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