Bioactivity of mackerel peptides on obesity and insulin resistance, an in-vivo study

Bioactive Peptides Obtained from Legume Seeds as New Compounds in Metabolic Syndrome Prevention and Diet Therapy

Currently, food is regarded not only as a source of nutrients, vitamins, and minerals but also as a source of bioactive compounds that can play a significant role in the prevention and diet therapy of many diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex disorder defined as a set of interrelated factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, or dyslipidemia. MS affects not only adults but also children. Peptides are one of the compounds that exhibit a variety of bioactive properties. They are derived from food proteins, which are usually obtained through enzymatic hydrolysis or digestion in the digestive system. Legume seeds are a good source of bioactive peptides. In addition to their high protein content, they contain high levels of dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. The aim of this review is to present new bioactive peptides derived from legume seeds and showing inhibitory properties against MS. These compounds may find application in MS diet therapy or functional food production.

The current research status and strategies employed to modify food-derived bioactive peptides

The ability of bioactive peptides to exert biological functions has mainly contributed to their exploitation. The exploitation and utilization of these peptides have grown tremendously over the past two decades. Food-derived peptides from sources such as plant, animal, and marine proteins and their byproducts constitute a more significant portion of the naturally-occurring peptides that have been documented. Due to their high specificity and biocompatibility, these peptides serve as a suitable alternative to pharmacological drugs for treating non-communicable diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and cancer). They are helpful as food preservatives, ingredients in functional foods, and dietary supplements in the food sector. Despite their unique features, the application of these peptides in the clinical and food sector is to some extent hindered by their inherent drawbacks such as toxicity, bitterness, instability, and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. Several strategies have been employed to eliminate or reduce the disadvantages of peptides, thus enhancing the peptide bioactivity and broadening the opportunities for their applications. This review article focuses on the current research status of various bioactive peptides and the strategies that have been implemented to overcome their disadvantages. It will also highlight future perspectives regarding the possible improvements to be made for the development of bioactive peptides with practical uses and their commercialization.

Beneficial effects of fish and fish peptides on main metabolic syndrome associated risk factors: Diabetes, obesity and lipemia

The definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) fairly varies from one to another guideline and health organization. Per description of world health organization, occurrence of hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia in addition to two or more factors of dyslipidemia, hypoalphalipoproteinemia, hypertension and or large waist circumference factors would be defined as MetS. Conventional therapies and drugs, commonly with adverse effects, are used to treat these conditions and diseases. Nonetheless, in the recent decades scientific community has focused on the discovery of natural compounds to diminish the side effects of these medications. Among many available bioactives, biologically active peptides have notable beneficial effects on the management of diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. Marine inclusive of fish peptides have exerted significant bioactivities in different experimental in-vitro, in-vivo and clinical settings. This review exclusively focuses on studies from the recent decade investigating hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypercholesterolemic and anti-obesogenic fish and fish peptides. Related extraction, isolation, and purification methodologies of anti-MetS fish biopeptides are reviewed herein for comparison purposes only. Moreover, performance of biopeptides in simulated gastrointestinal environment and structure-activity relationship along with absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties of selected oligopeptides have been discussed, in brief, to broaden the knowledge of readers on the design and discovery trends of anti-MetS compounds.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2052261 .