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Antela KU, Sáez-Hernández R, Morales-Rubio Á, Cervera ML, Luque MJ. Smartphone-based procedure to determine content of single synthetic dyes in food using the Arata-Possetto extraction method. Talanta 2024; 270:125537. [PMID: 38101036 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of additives, including dyes, is common in the preparation of food products. The analytical control of artificial food dye content is relevant since some, such as azo dyes, may produce cancer and attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Consequently, the maximum permitted concentration of azo dyes in food is regulated by current legislation. Therefore, it is of interest to find simple and fast procedures for the control of these compounds. The aim of this study is to determine the concentration of azo dyes in food samples by the Arata-Possetto method - based on the extraction of azo dyes employing natural wool -, followed by the analysis of an image captured by a smartphone camera. After experimentally determining the optimal extraction conditions, the calibration curves for standard solutions of different food dyes and the color of the dyed wool were obtained. Results from dyed wool image processing were compared with the absorbance spectra of the solutions before extraction as measured by a diode array spectrophotometer. The spectrophotometric and the image processing procedures were employed to obtain the calibration curves for different food dyes, which were subsequently employed to analyze food samples. Statistical treatment shows that the results of both methods are comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin U Antela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Research Building, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberto Sáez-Hernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Research Building, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Morales-Rubio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Research Building, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Luisa Cervera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Research Building, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mª José Luque
- Optics, Optometry and Vision Science Department, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Sun Q, Li Y, Su Y, Wei M, Li H, Liu J. Determination of restricted dyes in textile raw material solid wastes by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1711:464447. [PMID: 37847968 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and highly sensitive method for the quantification of 34 restricted dyes (including acid, basic, disperse, direct, and azo dyes) in solid textile raw material wastes was developed by employing ultrasonic extraction coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS). More specifically, the proposed method employed methanol as the extraction solvent, while the mobile phases consisted of acetonitrile and 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate + 0.05% ammonia. A good linearity was achieved over the concentration range of 0.01-200 ng/mL with correlation coefficients (R) between 0.991-0.999, limits of detection (LODs) of 0.25-40.0 µg/kg (S/N = 3) and limits of quantification (LOQs) of 0.84-133.4 µg/kg (S/N = 10). 34 dyes were recovered at three levels ranging from 84.5 to 106.9% with relative standard deviation (RSDs) ranging from 0.59% to 10.61%. Further, the method was applied for the accurate analysis of 32 counts of cotton yarn, waste cotton, and printed fabrics within 15 min. The dyestuffs accurately quantified by this rapid chromatographic procedure covered a wide range of carcinogenic and allergenic dyestuffs listed in the Oeko-Tex Standard 100 (version 02.2023) colourants. The ultrasound technique combined with the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method proposed in this work is thus suitable for the rapid screening, confirmation, and quantitative detection of industrial synthetic dyes within solid waste originating from textile raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianran Sun
- Technology Center, Chengdu Customs District, Chengdu, 610000, PR China
| | - Yongli Li
- Technology Center, Chengdu Customs District, Chengdu, 610000, PR China
| | - Youzhi Su
- Technology Center, Yining Customs District, Yining, 835000, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Wei
- Shanghai Customs District, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| | - Haitao Li
- Tianjin Physical and Chemical Analysis Center Co. LTD, Tianjin, 300051, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Technology Center, Chengdu Customs District, Chengdu, 610000, PR China; Urumqi Customs District, Urumqi, 830000, PR China.
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Lee SJ, Han X, Men X, Oh G, Choi SI, Lee OH. Improvement of analytical method for three azo dyes in processed milk and cheese using HPLC-PDA. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100713. [PMID: 37397211 PMCID: PMC10314154 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to develop and validate a method for simultaneously measuring three azo dyes (azorubine, brilliant black BN, lithol rubine BK) not designated in Korea. The HPLC-PDA analysis method was validated based on the ICH guidelines, and the color stability was evaluated. The milk and cheese samples were spiked with azo dyes, the correlation coefficient of calibration curve ranged from 0.999 to 1.000 and the recovery rates of azo dyes were 98.81 ∼ 115.94%, with RSD of 0.08 ∼ 3.71%. The LOD and the LOQ in milk and cheese ranged from 1.14 to 1.73 μg/mL and 3.46 to 5.25 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the expanded uncertainties of the measurements ranged from 3.3421 to 3.8146%. The azo dyes appeared to be color stable for more than 14 days. The results indicate that this analytical method is suitable for extracting and analyzing azo dyes in milk and cheese samples, which are not permitted in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Men
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Oh
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Agricultural and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Qi P, Zhou Q, Chen G, Lin Z, Zhao J, Xu H, Gao H, Liu D, Mao X. Simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of 104 fat-soluble synthetic dyes in foods using disperse solid-phase extraction and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis. Food Chem 2023; 427:136665. [PMID: 37437404 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Public exposure to synthetic dyes through foods has attracted ongoing and serious attention. Here we developed and validated a simultaneous screening and quantitation method for the analysis of fat-soluble synthetic dyes that most frequently found in foods, using C18 d-SPE clean-up and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS on Full-MS/dd-MS2 mode. During a single run, 104 dyes including 6 pairs of isomers were distinguished based on chromatographic separation and unique product ions. The method showed satisfactory linearity (R > 0.99), recoveries (61.3 %-118.8 %), precision (<20 %) and limit of quantification (0.05-0.5 mg/kg). For 98 % of test dyes, screening detection limits ranged from 2.5 to 25 μg/kg. The validated method was successfully applied to real commercial foodstuffs revealing the presence of two selected illegal dyes in three samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Qi
- Guangzhou Institute for Food Inspection, Guangzhou 511410, China.
| | - Qingqiong Zhou
- Guangzhou Institute for Food Inspection, Guangzhou 511410, China.
| | - Guiyun Chen
- Guangzhou Institute for Food Inspection, Guangzhou 511410, China.
| | - Zihao Lin
- Guangzhou Institute for Food Inspection, Guangzhou 511410, China.
| | - Jinli Zhao
- Guangzhou Institute for Food Inspection, Guangzhou 511410, China.
| | - Huiying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Hui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Donghao Liu
- Guangzhou Institute for Food Inspection, Guangzhou 511410, China.
| | - Xinwu Mao
- Guangzhou Institute for Food Inspection, Guangzhou 511410, China.
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Song J, Guo X, Chen H, Tang Y, Han L. Ascorbic Acid-Caused Quenching Effect of Protein Clusteroluminescence Probe: The Fast Fluorescent Detection of Ascorbic Acid in Vegetables. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36903407 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is interesting and meaningful to explore fluorescent probes for novel rapid detection methods. In this study, we discovered a natural fluorescence probe, bovine serum albumin (BSA), for the assay of ascorbic acid (AA). Due to clusterization-triggered emission (CTE), BSA has the character of clusteroluminescence. AA shows an obvious fluorescence quenching effect on BSA, and the quenching effect increases with increasing concentrations of AA. After optimization, a method for the rapid detection of AA is established by the AA-caused fluorescence quenching effect. The fluorescence quenching effect reaches saturation after 5 min of incubation time and the fluorescence is stable within more than one hour, suggesting a rapid and stable fluorescence response. Moreover, the proposed assay method shows good selectivity and a wide linear range. To further study the mechanisms of AA-caused fluorescence quenching effect, some thermodynamic parameters are calculated. The main intermolecular force between BSA and AA is electrostatic, presumably leading to the inhibiting CTE process of BSA. This method also shows acceptable reliability for the real vegetable sample assay. In summary, this work will not only provide an assay strategy for AA, but also open an avenue for the application expansion of CTE effect of natural biomacromolecules.
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Gao S, Li X, Bao X, Chen K, Liu X, Qian F, Shen X. Preconcentration of allergenic disperse dyes in environmental water samples based on amino functionalized metal–organic framework. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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