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Sharma V, Sengupta A, Acharya R, Bagla HK. Chemical characterization of automobile windshield glass samples for major, minor, and trace elemental concentration determination by INAA and its comparison with ED-XRF and DC Arc AES in terms of analytical capabilities and possible applications for glass forensics. RSC Adv 2023; 13:5118-5133. [PMID: 36777950 PMCID: PMC9909371 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00069a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Automobile (car) windshield glass fragments serve as important forensic evidentiary materials and their chemical characterization mainly at minor and trace concentration levels is a key step in forensic investigations. For such glass analysis as well as for forensics, direct solid sample analysis by suitable analytical technique(s) is very important. In view of this, instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) using high flux neutrons from research reactor was utilized for chemical characterization of car windshield glass samples. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) and direct current arc carrier distillation atomic emission spectroscopy (DC Arc AES) methods were also utilized for the analysis of all glass samples for evaluating their analytical capabilities with respect to INAA. A comparative evaluation was carried out with respect to accuracy, precision, and detection limits under quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC). The methods were validated by analyzing certified reference materials (CRMs) G-2 and RGM-1 from USGS and NIST standard reference material (SRM) of sodalime glass (SRM 610). Concentrations of seventeen elements (Na, Ca, Sc, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Rb, Zr, Ba, La, Hf, Ce, Eu, Yb, Sm, and Th) were determined in all analyzed glass samples by INAA at major, minor, and trace concentration levels, indicating its capability for potential applications to forensic studies. Grouping study of these automobile glasses was carried out utilizing concentrations of transition elements and rare earth elements (REEs) in conjunction with statistical cluster analysis. In addition, it has been highlighted that some of the transition elements as well as REEs are important markers/discriminating elements for same brand automobile glasses obtained from two different sources/origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sharma
- Department of Nuclear and Radiochemistry, Kishinchand Chellaram College Mumbai 400020 India.,Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Arijit Sengupta
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India .,Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushaktinagar Mumbai 400094 India
| | - Raghunath Acharya
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India .,Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushaktinagar Mumbai 400094 India
| | - Hemlata K. Bagla
- Department of Nuclear and Radiochemistry, Kishinchand Chellaram CollegeMumbai 400020India
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Kaspi O, Israelsohn-Azulay O, Yigal Z, Rosengarten H, Krmpotić M, Gouasmia S, Bogdanović Radović I, Jalkanen P, Liski A, Mizohata K, Räisänen J, Kasztovszky Z, Harsányi I, Acharya R, Pujari PK, Mihály M, Braun M, Shabi N, Girshevitz O, Senderowitz H. Toward Developing Techniques─Agnostic Machine Learning Classification Models for Forensically Relevant Glass Fragments. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:87-100. [PMID: 36512692 PMCID: PMC9832481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glass fragments found in crime scenes may constitute important forensic evidence when properly analyzed, for example, to determine their origin. This analysis could be greatly helped by having a large and diverse database of glass fragments and by using it for constructing reliable machine learning (ML)-based glass classification models. Ideally, the samples that make up this database should be analyzed by a single accurate and standardized analytical technique. However, due to differences in equipment across laboratories, this is not feasible. With this in mind, in this work, we investigated if and how measurement performed at different laboratories on the same set of glass fragments could be combined in the context of ML. First, we demonstrated that elemental analysis methods such as particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), particle-induced Gamma-ray emission (PIGE), instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and prompt Gamma-ray neutron activation analysis (PGAA) could each produce lab-specific ML-based classification models. Next, we determined rules for the successful combinations of data from different laboratories and techniques and demonstrated that when followed, they give rise to improved models, and conversely, poor combinations will lead to poor-performing models. Thus, the combination of PIXE and LA-ICP-MS improves the performances by ∼10-15%, while combining PGAA with other techniques provides poorer performances in comparison with the lab-specific models. Finally, we demonstrated that the poor performances of the SEM-EDS technique, still in use by law enforcement agencies, could be greatly improved by replacing SEM-EDS measurements for Fe and Ca by PIXE measurements for these elements. These findings suggest a process whereby forensic laboratories using different elemental analysis techniques could upload their data into a unified database and get reliable classification based on lab-agnostic models. This in turn brings us closer to a more exhaustive extraction of information from glass fragment evidence and furthermore may form the basis for international-wide collaboration between law enforcement agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Kaspi
- Department
of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan5290002, Israel
| | | | - Zidon Yigal
- Toolmarks
and Materials Lab, Israel Police HQ, Jerusalem9720045, Israel
| | - Hila Rosengarten
- Toolmarks
and Materials Lab, Israel Police HQ, Jerusalem9720045, Israel
| | - Matea Krmpotić
- Laboratory
for Ion Beam Interactions, Division of Experimental Physics, Rud̵er Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, ZagrebHR-10000, Croatia
| | - Sabrina Gouasmia
- Laboratory
for Ion Beam Interactions, Division of Experimental Physics, Rud̵er Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, ZagrebHR-10000, Croatia
| | - Iva Bogdanović Radović
- Laboratory
for Ion Beam Interactions, Division of Experimental Physics, Rud̵er Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, ZagrebHR-10000, Croatia
| | - Pasi Jalkanen
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 43, HelsinkiFI-00014, Finland
| | - Anna Liski
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 43, HelsinkiFI-00014, Finland
| | - Kenichiro Mizohata
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 43, HelsinkiFI-00014, Finland
| | - Jyrki Räisänen
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 43, HelsinkiFI-00014, Finland
| | - Zsolt Kasztovszky
- Centre
for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest1121, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Harsányi
- Centre
for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest1121, Hungary
| | | | | | - Molnár Mihály
- International
Radiocarbon AMS Competence and Training Center, ATOMKI, Debrecen4026, Hungary
| | - Mihaly Braun
- Laboratory
of Climatology and Environmental Physics (ICER), ATOMKI, Debrecen4026, Hungary
| | - Nahum Shabi
- Bar
Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan5290002, Israel
| | - Olga Girshevitz
- Bar
Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan5290002, Israel,
| | - Hanoch Senderowitz
- Department
of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan5290002, Israel,
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Ishimi A, Nakanishi T, Seto Y, Nishiwaki Y. Nondestructive discrimination of black ceramic prints on automotive glasses by portable X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer. J Forensic Sci 2022; 67:1825-1835. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akane Ishimi
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Kochi University Kochi Japan
- RIKEN, SPring‐8 Center, Forensic Science Group Sayo‐gun Japan
| | | | - Yasuo Seto
- RIKEN, SPring‐8 Center, Forensic Science Group Sayo‐gun Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nishiwaki
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Kochi University Kochi Japan
- RIKEN, SPring‐8 Center, Forensic Science Group Sayo‐gun Japan
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Pedarnig JD, Trautner S, Grünberger S, Giannakaris N, Eschlböck-fuchs S, Hofstadler J. Review of Element Analysis of Industrial Materials by In-Line Laser—Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Applied Sciences 2021; 11:9274. [DOI: 10.3390/app11199274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a rapidly developing technique for chemical materials analysis. LIBS is applied for fundamental investigations, e.g., the laser plasma matter interaction, for element, molecule, and isotope analysis, and for various technical applications, e.g., minimal destructive materials inspection, the monitoring of production processes, and remote analysis of materials in hostile environment. In this review, we focus on the element analysis of industrial materials and the in-line chemical sensing in industrial production. After a brief introduction we discuss the optical emission of chemical elements in laser-induced plasma and the capability of LIBS for multi-element detection. An overview of the various classes of industrial materials analyzed by LIBS is given. This includes so-called Technology materials that are essential for the functionality of modern high-tech devices (smartphones, computers, cars, etc.). The LIBS technique enables unique applications for rapid element analysis under harsh conditions where other techniques are not available. We present several examples of LIBS-based sensors that are applied in-line and at-line of industrial production processes.
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