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Li G, Yuan H, Fu Z, Luo X, Xue Z, Zhang S. Investigating the Impact of Varied Dietary Protein Levels on Litopenaeus vannamei: An Exploration of the Intestinal Microbiota and Transcriptome Responses. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:372. [PMID: 38338015 PMCID: PMC10854741 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effects of dietary protein levels on Litopenaeus vannamei with its intestinal microbiota and transcriptome responses. Previous studies on the effects of dietary protein levels on L. vannamei have focused on growth performance, antioxidant indices, and digestive enzyme activity, but few studies have been conducted at the microbiological and molecular levels. In this study, five isolipid experimental diets with protein levels of 32% (P32), 36% (P36), 40% (P40), 44% (P44), and 48% (P48) were used in an L. vannamei (0.63 ± 0.02 g) feeding trial for 56 days. At the end of the feeding trial, the growth performance, immunity, intestinal health, and transcriptional responses of L. vannamei were determined. This study demonstrated that higher protein levels (P44) led to superior weight gain and growth rates for L. vannamei, with lower feed conversion ratios (FCR) observed in the P48 and P44 groups compared to the P32 and P36 groups (p ≤ 0.05). The P44 and P48 groups also showed a notably higher protein efficiency ratio (PER) compared to others (p ≤ 0.05), and there was no significant difference between them. Upon Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, the P48 group exhibited a significantly lower survival rate (SR) within 48 h, while during 72 h of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, the P44 group had a notably higher survival rate than the P32 group (p ≤ 0.05). Digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant levels in L. vannamei initially increased and then decreased as protein levels increased, usually peaking in the P40 or P44 groups. Lower dietary protein levels significantly reduced the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and increased the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines of L. vannamei. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated and then down-regulated as dietary protein levels increased. Furthermore, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that several immune and metabolic pathways, including metabolic pathways, glutathione metabolism, cytochrome P450, and lysosome and pancreatic secretion, were significantly enriched. In summary, the optimal feed protein level for L. vannamei shrimp was 40-44%. Inappropriate feed protein levels reduced antioxidant levels and digestive enzyme activity and promoted pathogen settlement, deceasing factors in various metabolic pathways that respond to microorganisms through transcriptional regulation. This could lead to stunted growth in L. vannamei and compromise their immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongyu Li
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.L.)
| | - Hang Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.L.)
| | - Zhibin Fu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.L.)
| | - Xinghui Luo
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.L.)
| | - Zhihao Xue
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.L.)
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Tang B, Hu S, Zhang X, Ouyang Q, Qing E, Wang W, Hu J, Li L, Wang J. Effects and Mechanisms of Cage versus Floor Rearing System on Goose Growth Performance and Immune Status. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2682. [PMID: 37627473 PMCID: PMC10451896 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, FRS and CRS are the two predominant dryland rearing systems in the goose industry. However, the effects of these two systems on goose growth performance and health, as well as the underlying mechanisms, have not been fully clarified. Thus, this study aimed to compare growth performance and immune status, as well as investigate the genome-wide transcriptomic profiles of spleen in geese, between CRS and FRS at 270 d of age. Phenotypically, the body weight and body size traits were higher in geese under FRS, while the weight and organ index of spleen were higher in geese under CRS (p < 0.05). Noticeably, the bursa of Fabricius of geese under FRS was degenerated, while that under CRS was retained. At the serum level, the immune globulin-G (IgG) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were higher in geese under CRS (p < 0.05). At the transcriptomic level, we identified 251 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the spleen between CRS and FRS, which were mainly enriched in scavenger receptor activity, inflammatory response, immune response, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, phenylalanine metabolism, ECM receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, ten candidate genes were identified, namely, VEGFA, FGF2, NGF, GPC1, NKX2-5, FGFR1, FGF1, MEIS1, CD36, and PAH. Further analysis demonstrated that geese in CRS could improve their immune ability through the "phenylalanine metabolism" pathway. Our results revealed that the FRS improved growth performance, whereas the CRS improved goose immune function by increasing levels of IL-6 and IgG in serum. Moreover, the phenylalanine metabolism pathway could exert positive effects on immune function of geese under CRS. These results can provide reliable references for understanding how floor and cage rearing systems affect goose growth performance and immune capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bincheng Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (B.T.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (Q.O.); (E.Q.); (J.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Shenqiang Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (B.T.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (Q.O.); (E.Q.); (J.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (B.T.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (Q.O.); (E.Q.); (J.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Qingyuan Ouyang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (B.T.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (Q.O.); (E.Q.); (J.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Enhua Qing
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (B.T.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (Q.O.); (E.Q.); (J.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Wanxia Wang
- General Station of Animal Husbandry of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, China;
| | - Jiwei Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (B.T.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (Q.O.); (E.Q.); (J.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Liang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (B.T.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (Q.O.); (E.Q.); (J.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (B.T.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (Q.O.); (E.Q.); (J.H.); (L.L.)
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Yuan H, Xie M, Hu N, Zheng Y, Hou C, Tan B, Shi L, Zhang S. Growth, immunity and transcriptome response to different stocking densities in Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 139:108924. [PMID: 37406891 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different stocking densities on Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated from the aspects of growth performance, immune response and transcriptome in this experiment. L. vannamei (initial body weight: 0.30 ± 0.02 g) were reared for 8 weeks at three stocking densities of 100 (LSD), 200 (MSD) and 300 (HSD) shrimp/m³, respectively. The results showed that the survival rate (SR), final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth ratio (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of L. vannamei significantly decreased, while the feed factor (FCR) significantly increased with the increase of stocking density. After Vibrio parahemolyticus infection, the SR of L. vannamei in the HSD group was significantly lower than that in the LSD and MSD groups. Increasing stocking density significantly increased the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lysozyme (LYS) while significantly decreased the activities of catalase (CAT) and phenol oxidase (PO) in the serum of L. vannamei. Similar changes of the gene expression as the activities of immune enzymes were found in the hemocytes. Pairwise comparison between the LSD, MSD and HSD group in the transcriptome analysis identified that there were 304, 1376 and 2083 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LSD vs MSD, MSD vs HSD and LSD vs HSD, respectively. Among them, most of the immune-related DEGs were down-regulated and metabolism-related DEGs were up-regulated with the increasing stocking density. In addition, KEGG enrichment pathway analysis revealed that several immune and metabolic related pathways including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and AMPK signaling pathway were significantly enriched. Of these, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway had the most DEGs and was also the most significantly enriched pathway. Furthermore, 16 DEGs (such as FOXO, PCK2 and CTSC, etc.) and partial immune enzyme activity (such as AST, CAT and PO, etc.) changes were closely correlated with the increase of stocking density when partial immune-related DEGs and immune-related enzymes were analyzed jointly. All these results indicated that changes in stocking density had a significant effect on the growth performance, immunity and transcriptome of L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Minghua Xie
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Naijie Hu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yudong Zheng
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Cuihong Hou
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Lili Shi
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Yan Z, Zhu L, Hou C, Zheng Y, Guo H, Shi L, Tan B, Zhang S. The enhancement effect of low-dose dietary lipopolysaccharide on the growth and immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei, and transcriptome analysis. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 133:108517. [PMID: 36603789 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of dietary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated to determine whether LPS could play a role as a potential immunostimulant in shrimp. L. vannamei with an initial body weight of 0.30 ± 0.02 g were fed a diet containing LPS at doses of 0, 0.2, 1, 5, 25 or 125 mg kg-1 for eight weeks (groups LPS0, LPS0.2, LPS1, LPS5, LPS25 and LPS125, respectively). After eight weeks of feeding, the growth performance, immunity and transcriptome response of L. vannamei were analysed. Only dietary LPS at 0.2 and 1 mg kg-1 resulted in a significant increase in the growth of L. vannamei (P < 0.05). According to the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR), the optimum dietary LPS level was 2.462 and 2.455 mg kg-1, respectively. When compared with the control group, the survival rate (SR) of L. vannamei in the LPS0.2 group was significantly increased after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection and the SR of L. vannamei in the LPS1 group was significantly increased after Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection (both P < 0.05). Compared with the LPS0 group, immune enzyme activity in the serum of L. vannamei could be significantly increased and the content of maleic dialdehyde (MDA) significantly decreased by dietary LPS. Transcriptome analysis of the haemocytes of L. vannamei identified 399 up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 5000 down-regulated DEGs in the LPS0.2 compared to the control group. Most of the DEGs were significantly enriched in the following pathways: phosphatidylinositol signalling, Wnt signalling, Jak-STAT signalling and inositol phosphate metabolism. In conclusion, this study revealed that diets supplemented with low-dose LPS had positive effects on the growth and immunity of L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lulu Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Cuihong Hou
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yudong Zheng
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hui Guo
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lili Shi
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China.
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Zhang S, Wang C, Liu S, Wang Y, Lu S, Han S, Jiang H, Liu H, Yang Y. Effect of dietary phenylalanine on growth performance and intestinal health of triploid rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) in low fishmeal diets. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1008822. [PMID: 36960199 PMCID: PMC10028192 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1008822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of phenylalanine on the growth, digestive capacity, antioxidant capability, and intestinal health of triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a low fish meal diet (15%). Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with different dietary phenylalanine levels (1.82, 2.03, 2.29, 2.64, and 3.01%) were fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial mean body weight of 36.76 ± 3.13 g). The weight gain rate and specific growth rate were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the 3.01% group. The trypsin activity in the 2.03% group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Amylase activity peaked in the 2.64% treatment group. Serum superoxide dismutase, catalase, and lysozyme had the highest values in the 2.03% treatment group. Liver superoxide dismutase and catalase reached their maximum values in the 2.03% treatment group, and lysozyme had the highest value in the 2.29% treatment group. Malondialdehyde levels in both the liver and serum were at their lowest in the 2.29% treatment group. Interleukin factors IL-1β and IL-6 both reached a minimum in the 2.03% group and were significantly lower than in the control group, while IL-10 reached a maximum in the 2.03% group (p < 0.05). The tight junction protein-related genes occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1 all attained their highest levels in the 2.03% treatment group and were significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The intestinal villi length and muscle layer thickness were also improved in the 2.03% group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary phenylalanine effectively improved the growth, digestion, absorption capacity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of O. mykiss. Using a quadratic curve model analysis based on WGR, the dietary phenylalanine requirement of triploid O. mykiss fed a low fish meal diet (15%) was 2.13%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuze Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Animal Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang’an Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Animal Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Chang’an Wang,
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoxia Lu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shicheng Han
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongbai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Hongbai Liu,
| | - Yuhong Yang
- College of Animal Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Yuhong Yang,
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Kuo HW, Hsu LY, Cheng W. Molecular characterization and functional roles for Vibrio alginolyticus resistance of an octopamine/tyramine receptor of the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 130:22-30. [PMID: 36084884 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Octopamine and Tyramine are biogenic amines that have been demonstrated to play an important immunological role in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. G protein-coupled receptors, known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, are a variety of neurotransmitter receptors which are sensitive to biogenic amines for initiating the cell signaling pathway. In present study, we cloned and characterized an octopamine/tyramine receptor (LvOA/TA-R) from the hemocytes of L. vannamei, with a 1194 b.p. open reading frame that encodes 398 amino acids. Several bioinformatics analyses indicated that LvOA/TA-R had seven conserved hydrophobic transmembrane domains. The phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment indicated that LvOA/TA-R was orthologous to the OA/TA receptor of tiger shrimp, P. monodon. LvOA/TA-R was expressed in hemocytes and nervous tissue including circumoesphageal connective tissue and the thoracic and abdominal ganglia. Significant increases in LvOA/TA-R occurred in hemocytes of L. vannamei under Vibrio alginolyticus infection within 30-60 min of infection. Here, we demonstrated that LvOA/TA-R expression is upregulated in response to Vibrio alginolyticus infection and appears to be functionally responsible for the observed immune response. These results suggest that LvOA/TA-R mediates regulation of immunity, which promotes the resistance of L. vannamei to V. alginolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Wei Kuo
- General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Yang Hsu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Winton Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chen J, Wang H, Yuan H, Hu N, Zou F, Li C, Shi L, Tan B, Zhang S. Effects of dietary Clostridium autoethanogenum protein on the growth, disease resistance, intestinal digestion, immunity and microbiota structure of Litopenaeus vannamei reared at different water salinities. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1034994. [PMID: 36275652 PMCID: PMC9585349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The shortage of fishmeal (FM) resources limits the healthy development of aquaculture. Developing new protein sources to replace FM in aquatic feeds is an effective measure to alleviate this situation. However, the application effect of new protein sources is greatly affected by water salinity, which is an important parameter of aquaculture. In this study, the growth, disease resistance, and intestinal digestion, immunity, and microbiota structure of Litopenaeus vannamei (initial weight: 0.38 ± 0.01 g) fed on Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) or not at three different water salinities (15 ‰, 30 ‰, and 45 ‰) were compared, aiming to explore the effects of dietary CAP on shrimp when suffering different salinity stresses. The results showed that the growth performance, feed utilization, and survival rate (SR) after pathogen challenge of L. vannamei could be significantly improved by dietary CAP when compared with the control at the same salinity and they were also significantly affected by salinity changes when L. vannamei was fed on the same protein source. With the increase in salinity, obvious upregulation was observed in the activities and gene expression of digestive enzymes both in L. vannamei fed on FM and CAP, with significantly higher levels in L. vannamei fed on CAP than in those fed on FM at the same salinity. Meanwhile, the expression levels of immune genes in the CAP group were significantly higher than those in the FM group at different salinities. The intestinal microbiota analysis showed that CAP could increase the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and decrease the relative abundance of harmful bacteria in the intestine of L. vannamei at the phylum, family, and genus levels, and it was more affected by salinity changes when compared with FM. Besides, the changes in salinity and protein sources led to different changes in the intestinal microflora function of L. vannamei. In sum, this study indicated that CAP could improve the growth, disease resistance, digestive capacity, and intestinal microflora of L. vannamei with a much more intense immune response and enhance its ability to cope with salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hongming Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Naijie Hu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fangqi Zou
- Technology R&D Department, Beijing Shoulang Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- Technology R&D Department, Beijing Shoulang Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lili Shi
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Laboratory, Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Laboratory, Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Shuang Zhang,
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