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Gu Y, Wei J, Chen J, Xu Y, Li J, Liang L, Jiang C, Xie Y, Hu C, Xie Y. The engineering design of half-size RF negative ion source for CRAFT-NNBI. Fusion Engineering and Design 2023; 192:113603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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Maistrello A, Agostini M, Bigi M, Brombin M, Dan M, Casagrande R, De Nardi M, Ferro A, Gaio E, Jain P, Lunardon F, Marconato N, Marcuzzi D, Recchia M, Patton T, Pavei M, Santoro F, Toigo V, Zanotto L, Barbisan M, Baseggio L, Bernardi M, Berton G, Boldrin M, Dal Bello S, Fasolo D, Franchin L, Ghiraldelli R, Grando L, Milazzo R, Pimazzoni A, Rigoni A, Sartori E, Serianni G, Shepherd A, Ugoletti M, Zaniol B, Zella D, Zerbetto E, Decamps H, Rotti C, Veltri P. Overview on electrical issues faced during the SPIDER experimental campaigns. Fusion Engineering and Design 2023; 190:113510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Nocentini R, Heinemann B, Hurlbatt A. A new long-pulse diagnostic calorimeter for the negative ion source testbed ELISE. Fusion Engineering and Design 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Li D, Yin L, Wang S, Zuo C, Chen D. Development of a distributed high-speed data acquisition and monitoring system based on a special data packet format for HUST RF Negative Ion Source. Nuclear Engineering and Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gu Y, Xie Y, Wei J, Li J, Liang L, Xu Y, Jiang C, Xie Y, Hu C. The engineering design of quarter size negative beam source for the comprehensive research facility for fusion technology. Fusion Engineering and Design 2021; 171:112600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Maistrello A, Recchia M, Zamengo A, Bernardi M, Chitarin G, Dan M, Gasparini F, Jain P, Bigi M, Gaio E, Marcuzzi D, Pavei M, Zanotto L. Improvements in the SPIDER RF system. Fusion Engineering and Design 2021; 167:112337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nocentini R, Bonomo F, Heinemann B, Hurlbatt A, Mario I. Long-pulse diagnostic calorimeter for the negative ion source testbed BATMAN upgrade. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:023504. [PMID: 33648068 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The RF-driven negative ion source testbed BATMAN upgrade is being developed at IPP Garching in the framework of the ion source development for ITER and DEMO neutral beam injection systems. The testbed has recently been enhanced to allow for steady state operation with a focus on beam optics studies. The previous titanium sublimation pumps and inertial calorimeter limited the beam pulse length to about 6 s every 3 min. The upgrade comprises a long-pulse compatible, actively cooled diagnostic calorimeter. This has been designed and is currently being manufactured to substitute the inertially cooled calorimeter that has limited diagnostic capabilities. The new diagnostic calorimeter consists of a copper plate with dimensions of 910 × 660 × 25 mm3 placed about 2 m from the ion source extraction grids, and through a novel solution, it will provide a 2D profile of beam power density with a 20 mm spatial resolution. Water flowing through cooling channels embedded in the copper plate will actively cool the calorimeter, which is loaded with about 160 kW beam power at ITER-relevant current density, but 45 kV acceleration. A fraction of the beam will pass through many small apertures (ø2 mm) positioned in the calorimeter plate and will be collected by thin (0.2 mm) copper foils attached to the calorimeter back side. Evaluation of power density will be performed by measuring the temperature of the heat flux foils with a high-resolution infrared camera observing the calorimeter from the back side and calibrated by thermocouples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Nocentini
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Federica Bonomo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernd Heinemann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andrew Hurlbatt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Isabella Mario
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Jana MR, Ramsankar P. Development of technology for fabrication of prototype ion extraction grid for fusion research. Fusion Engineering and Design 2020; 161:112066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.112066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bonomo F, Mario I, Wünderlich D, Fantz U. On the vertical uniformity of an ITER-like large beam. Fusion Engineering and Design 2020; 159:111760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.111760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Siragusa M, Sartori E, Bonomo F, Heinemann B, Orozco G, Serianni G. Simulation of the gas density distribution in the accelerator of the ELISE test facility. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:013511. [PMID: 32012610 DOI: 10.1063/1.5129221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In multiaperture electrostatic accelerators of negative ion sources, the plasma discharge is sustained by injecting gas in the plasma source, in a dynamic equilibrium with the gas flowing out through the accelerator. In this work, we present a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the gas flow inside the accelerator system of the large negative ion source ELISE at Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik Garching. ELISE has 640 apertures per electrode and lateral gaps between the electrode support structures that also contribute to the total gas conductance. Assuming molecular regime, we estimated the gas conductance, the gas density profile along the path of the ion beams from upstream of the plasma grid to downstream of the ground grid, and the transverse nonuniformities in the accelerator. The simulation included the most relevant geometrical features, while the results are compared to analytical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Siragusa
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova (PD), Italy
| | - E Sartori
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova (PD), Italy
| | - F Bonomo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - B Heinemann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Orozco
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Serianni
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova (PD), Italy
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Wünderlich D, Riedl R, Mario I, Mimo A, Fantz U, Heinemann B, Kraus W. Formation of large negative deuterium ion beams at ELISE. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:113304. [PMID: 31779429 DOI: 10.1063/1.5127832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Negative ion sources for neutral beam injection (NBI) in fusion experiments are based on the surface production of H- or D- on cesiated low work function surfaces. In the recent years, it was demonstrated at the large RF driven ion source of the ELISE (Extraction from a Large Ion Source Experiment) test facility that the requirements for the ITER NBI systems can be fulfilled by hydrogen. This is a big step toward the first operational period of ITER, planned for up to 2035. However, for the following operational period, neutral beam systems working in deuterium are needed. Operation of negative hydrogen ion sources in deuterium is significantly more demanding than in hydrogen: the amount of coextracted electrons is much higher and their increase during pulses is much more pronounced, limiting the achievable performance. This paper presents the results of investigations aimed to improve the insight into the physics related to this isotope effect. Due to the higher atomic mass of deuterium, cesium is removed much more effectively from reservoirs at the walls, resulting in a depletion of these reservoirs and a strongly increased cesium density in the plasma. Additionally, a correlation between the fluxes of charged particles toward the inner ion source surfaces and the coextracted electrons is identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wünderlich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Riedl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - I Mario
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Mimo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - U Fantz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - B Heinemann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W Kraus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Gu Y, Xie Y, Wei J, Xu Y, Li J, Jiang C, Liang L, Xie Y, Hu C. Structure design and analysis of RF ion source for negative ion source test facility. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:113315. [PMID: 31779416 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A negative ion source acts as a critical part in a neutral beam injector (NBI). A high current ion source is required for the high-power NBI. In this paper, a prototype radio frequency (RF) ion source and its test facility are developed in the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, to demonstrate the key technology of the high power negative ion source. The structure design of the RF negative ion source is presented, involving the designs of the ion source plasma generator and accelerator. The detailed structure design and analysis of the key parts of the ion source are also presented, such as the Faraday shield (FS) and accelerator grids. The fluid-thermal-structural coupling characteristics of the FS and grid are explored with different mechanisms of fluid pressure, RF power, and the structure type on the thermal stress. Then, the processing and manufacturing scheme of the FS and grids are also given. Finally, the results were presented with a manufactured three cooling channel FS. The experimental results prove that the developed structure design of the RF ion source is effective and reliable, and the correctness of finite element analysis is also verified by experimental data comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Gu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yahong Xie
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jianglong Wei
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Caichao Jiang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lizhen Liang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yuanlai Xie
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chundong Hu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Hanai K, Ishihara S, Endo R, Takimoto T, Tonegawa A, Sato K. Characteristics of cesium-free negative hydrogen/deuterium ion source by sheet plasma. Fusion Engineering and Design 2019; 146:2721-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nocentini R, Bonomo F, Fantz U, Fröschle M, Heinemann B, Mario I, Riedl R, Schiesko L. A new tungsten wire calorimeter for the negative ion source testbed BATMAN Upgrade. Fusion Engineering and Design 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Heinemann B, Fantz U, Kraus W, Wünderlich D, Bonomo F, Froeschle M, Mario I, Nocentini R, Riedl R, Wimmer C. Latest achievements of the negative ion beam test facility ELISE. Fusion Engineering and Design 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Maistrello A, Jain P, Recchia M, Gaio E. Studies on the requirements and design of the High Voltage Radio Frequency Test Facility. Fusion Engineering and Design 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Wünderlich D, Mochalskyy S, Montellano IM, Revel A. Review of particle-in-cell modeling for the extraction region of large negative hydrogen ion sources for fusion. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:052001. [PMID: 29864857 DOI: 10.1063/1.5011799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Particle-in-cell (PIC) codes are used since the early 1960s for calculating self-consistently the motion of charged particles in plasmas, taking into account external electric and magnetic fields as well as the fields created by the particles itself. Due to the used very small time steps (in the order of the inverse plasma frequency) and mesh size, the computational requirements can be very high and they drastically increase with increasing plasma density and size of the calculation domain. Thus, usually small computational domains and/or reduced dimensionality are used. In the last years, the available central processing unit (CPU) power strongly increased. Together with a massive parallelization of the codes, it is now possible to describe in 3D the extraction of charged particles from a plasma, using calculation domains with an edge length of several centimeters, consisting of one extraction aperture, the plasma in direct vicinity of the aperture, and a part of the extraction system. Large negative hydrogen or deuterium ion sources are essential parts of the neutral beam injection (NBI) system in future fusion devices like the international fusion experiment ITER and the demonstration reactor (DEMO). For ITER NBI RF driven sources with a source area of 0.9 × 1.9 m2 and 1280 extraction apertures will be used. The extraction of negative ions is accompanied by the co-extraction of electrons which are deflected onto an electron dump. Typically, the maximum negative extracted ion current is limited by the amount and the temporal instability of the co-extracted electrons, especially for operation in deuterium. Different PIC codes are available for the extraction region of large driven negative ion sources for fusion. Additionally, some effort is ongoing in developing codes that describe in a simplified manner (coarser mesh or reduced dimensionality) the plasma of the whole ion source. The presentation first gives a brief overview of the current status of the ion source development for ITER NBI and of the PIC method. Different PIC codes for the extraction region are introduced as well as the coupling to codes describing the whole source (PIC codes or fluid codes). Presented and discussed are different physical and numerical aspects of applying PIC codes to negative hydrogen ion sources for fusion as well as selected code results. The main focus of future calculations will be the meniscus formation and identifying measures for reducing the co-extracted electrons, in particular for deuterium operation. The recent results of the 3D PIC code ONIX (calculation domain: one extraction aperture and its vicinity) for the ITER prototype source (1/8 size of the ITER NBI source) are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wünderlich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany
| | - S Mochalskyy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany
| | | | - A Revel
- Laboratorire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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Gu Y, Wei J, Xie Y, Tao L, Li J, Jiang C, Xu Y, Xie Y, Hu C. Design of a water-cooled tube for high-power and long-pulse radio frequency ion source. Fusion Engineering and Design 2018; 129:164-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Škoviera J, Černušák I, Louis F, Neogrády P. MS-CASPT2 study of the ground and low lying states of CsH . J Mol Model 2017; 23:339. [PMID: 29124408 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Correlated ab initio methods [CASPT2 and R-CCSD(T)] in conjunction with the ANO-RCC basis sets in large contraction were used to calculate potential energy curves (PECs) of the ground and excited electronic states of CsH+ (doublets and quartets) with the inclusion of the scalar relativistic effects and spin-orbit interaction. The ground X2Σ+ state is a rather fragile van der Waals molecular ion. The binding energy of this X2Σ+ state provided by both computational methods is estimated to be 0.02-0.04 eV, and is compared with the reported experimental binding energy (0.51-0.77 eV). This large binding energy can be attributed to the A2Σ+ state, and can thus explain the apparent disagreement between theory and experiment. The spectroscopic constants of all bound states were calculated from the PECs and compared with previous published data for X2Σ+ and A2Σ+ states. Graphical abstract Low-lying Ω states of cesium hydride cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Škoviera
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH1, Ilkovičova 6, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Laboratoire de PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphére (PC2A), Sciences et Technologies 1, Université Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Ivan Černušák
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH1, Ilkovičova 6, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Florent Louis
- Laboratoire de PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphére (PC2A), Sciences et Technologies 1, Université Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Pavel Neogrády
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH1, Ilkovičova 6, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Nocentini R, Fantz U, Froeschle M, Heinemann B, Kraus W, Riedl R, Wuenderlich D. Preparation of the ELISE test facility for long-pulse extraction of negative ion beams. Fusion Engineering and Design 2017; 123:263-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Junghanns P, Boscary J, Busch M, Mendelevitch B, Stadler R. Local copper coating of the connectors of the divertor target elements of Wendelstein 7-X. Fusion Engineering and Design 2017; 124:483-486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Nocente M, Feng S, Wünderlich D, Bonomo F, Croci G, Fantz U, Heinemann B, Kraus W, Mario I, Pasqualotto R, Tardocchi M, Gorini G. Experimental investigation of beam-target neutron emission at the ELISE neutral beam test facility. Fusion Engineering and Design 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.03.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gu Y, Li J, Wei J, Xie Y, Liang L, Hu C. Manufacturing and Testing of Multiaperture and Multichannel Grids for the Prototype Negative Ion Source for CFETR-NBI System. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2017.1319718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Gu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jianglong Wei
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yahong Xie
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lizhen Liang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chundong Hu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Škoviera J, Neogrády P, Louis F, Pitoňák M, Černušák I. Caesium hydride: MS-CASPT2 potential energy curves and A 1Σ +→X 1Σ + absorption/emission spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:104304. [PMID: 28298123 DOI: 10.1063/1.4978065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Correlated ab initio methods (CASPT2 and CCSD(T)) in conjunction with the ANO-RCC basis sets were used to calculate potential energy curves (PECs) of the ground, valence, and Rydberg electronic states of CsH with the inclusion of the scalar relativistic effects. The spectroscopic constants of bound states were calculated from the PECs and compared with previous theoretical and/or available experimental data. Absorption and emission spectra arising from the transition between X1Σ+ and A1Σ+ states were modelled using vibrational and rotational energy levels and corresponding nuclear wave functions obtained via the direct numerical integration of one-dimensional rovibrational Schrödinger equation in the CASPT2/ANO-RCC electronic potentials. The anharmonic shape of the A1Σ+ potential and the shape of the pertinent vibrational wave functions have an interesting impact on the final shape of the spectrum and result in the complicated fine structure of individual emission bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Škoviera
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH1, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavel Neogrády
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH1, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Florent Louis
- CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Michal Pitoňák
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH1, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Černušák
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH1, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Zuo C, Liu K, Li D, Mei Z, Zhang Z, Chen D. Thermo-mechanical design of the extraction grids for RF negative ion source at HUST. Fusion Engineering and Design 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wei JL, Hu CD, Jiang CC, Liu S, Tao L, Gu YM, Zhao YZ, Chen YQ, Wu MS. Conceptual design of magnetic filter for the prototype negative ion source at ASIPP. Fusion Engineering and Design 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nocentini R, Bonomo F, Ricci M, Pimazzoni A, Fantz U, Heinemann B, Riedl R, Wünderlich D. Beam calorimetry at the large negative ion source test facility ELISE: Experimental setup and latest results. Fusion Engineering and Design 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Jeong SH, Kim TS, Park M, Chang DH, Jung B, In SR, Lee KW. Negative ion beam extraction experiments on the KAERI negative ion source. Fusion Engineering and Design 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Marcuzzi D, Agostinetti P, Dalla Palma M, De Muri M, Chitarin G, Gambetta G, Marconato N, Pasqualotto R, Pavei M, Pilan N, Rizzolo A, Serianni G, Toigo V, Trevisan L, Visentin M, Zaccaria P, Zaupa M, Boilson D, Graceffa J, Hemsworth RS, Choi CH, Marti M, Roux K, Singh MJ, Masiello A, Froeschle M, Heinemann B, Nocentini R, Riedl R, Tobari H, de Esch HPL, Muvvala VN. Final design of the beam source for the MITICA injector. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:02B309. [PMID: 26932037 DOI: 10.1063/1.4932615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The megavolt ITER injector and concept advancement experiment is the prototype and the test bed of the ITER heating and current drive neutral beam injectors, currently in the final design phase, in view of the installation in Padova Research on Injector Megavolt Accelerated facility in Padova, Italy. The beam source is the key component of the system, as its goal is the generation of the 1 MeV accelerated beam of deuterium or hydrogen negative ions. This paper presents the highlights of the latest developments for the finalization of the MITICA beam source design, together with a description of the most recent analyses and R&D activities carried out in support of the design.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Marcuzzi
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Agostinetti
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Dalla Palma
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M De Muri
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - G Chitarin
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - G Gambetta
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - N Marconato
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - R Pasqualotto
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Pavei
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - N Pilan
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - A Rizzolo
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - G Serianni
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - V Toigo
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - L Trevisan
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Visentin
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Zaccaria
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Zaupa
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - D Boilson
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, 13067 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - J Graceffa
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, 13067 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - R S Hemsworth
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, 13067 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - C H Choi
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, 13067 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - M Marti
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, 13067 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - K Roux
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, 13067 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - M J Singh
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, 13067 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - A Masiello
- Fusion for Energy, C/ Josep Pla, 2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Froeschle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - B Heinemann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Nocentini
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Riedl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - H Tobari
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 801-1 Mukouyama, Naka-shi 311-0193, Japan
| | - H P L de Esch
- CEA-Cadarache, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - V N Muvvala
- ITER-India, A-29, GIDC Electronic Estate, Sector 25, Gandhinagar 382025, India
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Fantz U, Heinemann B, Wünderlich D, Riedl R, Kraus W, Nocentini R, Bonomo F. Towards 20 A negative hydrogen ion beams for up to 1 h: Achievements of the ELISE test facility (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:02B307. [PMID: 26932035 DOI: 10.1063/1.4932560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale RF-driven ion source of the test facility extraction from a large ion source experiment is aimed to deliver an accelerated ion current of 20 A D(-) (23 A H(-)) with an extracted electron-to-ion ratio below one for up to 1 h. Since the first plasma pulses for 20 s in volume operation in early 2013, followed by caesiation of the ion source, substantial progress has been achieved in extending the pulse length and the RF power. The record pulses in hydrogen are stable 400 s pulses with an extracted ion current of 18.3 A at 180 kW total RF power and 9.3 A at 80 kW stable for 1 h. For deuterium pulse, length and RF power are limited by the amount of co-extracted electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Fantz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - B Heinemann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Wünderlich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Riedl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W Kraus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Nocentini
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Bonomo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Li X, Li D, Liu K, Wang X, Zhao P, Zhou C, Zheng T, Chen D. Development of RF Driver Used in Negative Ion Source at HUST. J Fusion Energ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-015-9940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Franzen P, Fantz U. On the NBI system for substantial current drive in a fusion power plant: Status and R&D needs for ion source and laser neutralizer. Fusion Engineering and Design 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mochalskyy S, Wünderlich D, Ruf B, Franzen P, Fantz U, Minea T. 3D numerical simulations of negative hydrogen ion extraction using realistic plasma parameters, geometry of the extraction aperture and full 3D magnetic field map. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:02B301. [PMID: 24593578 DOI: 10.1063/1.4824746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Decreasing the co-extracted electron current while simultaneously keeping negative ion (NI) current sufficiently high is a crucial issue on the development plasma source system for ITER Neutral Beam Injector. To support finding the best extraction conditions the 3D Particle-in-Cell Monte Carlo Collision electrostatic code ONIX (Orsay Negative Ion eXtraction) has been developed. Close collaboration with experiments and other numerical models allows performing realistic simulations with relevant input parameters: plasma properties, geometry of the extraction aperture, full 3D magnetic field map, etc. For the first time ONIX has been benchmarked with commercial positive ions tracing code KOBRA3D. A very good agreement in terms of the meniscus position and depth has been found. Simulation of NI extraction with different e/NI ratio in bulk plasma shows high relevance of the direct negative ion extraction from the surface produced NI in order to obtain extracted NI current as in the experimental results from BATMAN testbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mochalskyy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Wünderlich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - B Ruf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Franzen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - U Fantz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Minea
- Laboratorire de physique des gaz et des plasma, CNRS, University Paris-Sud 11, 15 rue G. Clemenceau, F91405 Orsay cedex, France
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Fantz U, Franzen P, Heinemann B, Wünderlich D. First results of the ITER-relevant negative ion beam test facility ELISE (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:02B305. [PMID: 24593582 DOI: 10.1063/1.4825386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An important step in the European R&D roadmap towards the neutral beam heating systems of ITER is the new test facility ELISE (Extraction from a Large Ion Source Experiment) for large-scale extraction from a half-size ITER RF source. The test facility was constructed in the last years at Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik Garching and is now operational. ELISE is gaining early experience of the performance and operation of large RF-driven negative hydrogen ion sources with plasma illumination of a source area of 1 × 0.9 m(2) and an extraction area of 0.1 m(2) using 640 apertures. First results in volume operation, i.e., without caesium seeding, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Fantz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik (IPP), EURATOM Association, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Franzen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik (IPP), EURATOM Association, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - B Heinemann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik (IPP), EURATOM Association, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Wünderlich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik (IPP), EURATOM Association, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Franzen P, Heinemann B, Fantz U, Wünderlich D, Kraus W, Fröschle M, Martens C, Riedl R, Nocentini R, Masiello A, Ruf B, Schiesko L, Wimmer C. Commissioning and first results of the ITER-relevant negative ion beam test facility ELISE. Fusion Engineering and Design 2013; 88:3132-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nocentini R, Fantz U, Franzen P, Froeschle M, Heinemann B, Riedl R, Ruf B, Wuenderlich D. Beam diagnostic tools for the negative hydrogen ion source test facility ELISE. Fusion Engineering and Design 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Heinemann B, Fantz U, Franzen P, Froeschle M, Kircher M, Kraus W, Martens C, Nocentini R, Riedl R, Ruf B, Schiesko L, Wimmer C, Wuenderlich D. Negative ion test facility ELISE—Status and first results. Fusion Engineering and Design 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wünderlich D, Fantz U, Franzen P, Riedl R, Bonomo F. Optical emission spectroscopy at the large RF driven negative ion test facility ELISE: instrumental setup and first results. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:093102. [PMID: 24089811 DOI: 10.1063/1.4820806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the main topics to be investigated at the recently launched large (A(source) = 1.0 × 0.9 m(2)) ITER relevant RF driven negative ion test facility ELISE (Extraction from a Large Ion Source Experiment) is the connection between the homogeneity of the plasma parameters close to the extraction system and the homogeneity of the extracted negative hydrogen ion beam. While several diagnostics techniques are available for measuring the beam homogeneity, the plasma parameters are determined by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) solely. First OES measurements close to the extraction system show that without magnetic filter field the vertical profile of the plasma emission is more or less symmetric, with maxima of the emission representing the projection of the plasma generation volumes, and a distinct minimum in between. The profile changes with the strength of the magnetic filter field but under all circumstances the plasma emission in ELISE is much more homogeneous compared to the smaller IPP prototype sources. Planned after this successful demonstration of the ELISE OES system is to combine OES with tomography in order to determine locally resolved values for the plasma parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wünderlich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik (IPP), EURATOM Association, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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Kraus W, Fantz U, Franzen P, Fröschle M, Heinemann B, Riedl R, Wünderlich D. The development of the radio frequency driven negative ion source for neutral beam injectors (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:02B104. [PMID: 22380261 DOI: 10.1063/1.3662957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Large and powerful negative hydrogen ion sources are required for the neutral beam injection (NBI) systems of future fusion devices. Simplicity and maintenance-free operation favors RF sources, which are developed intensively at the Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik (IPP) since many years. The negative hydrogen ions are generated by caesium-enhanced surface conversion of atoms and positive ions on the plasma grid surface. With a small scale prototype the required high ion current density and the low fraction of co-extracted electrons at low pressure as well as stable pulses up to 1 h could be demonstrated. The modular design allows extension to large source dimensions. This has led to the decision to choose RF sources for the NBI of the international fusion reactor, ITER. As an intermediate step towards the full size ITER source at IPP, the development will be continued with a half-size source on the new ELISE testbed. This will enable to gain experience for the first time with negative hydrogen ion beams from RF sources of these dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kraus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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Heinemann B, Falter HD, Fantz U, Franzen P, Froeschle M, Kraus W, Martens C, Nocentini R, Riedl R, Speth E, Staebler A. The negative ion source test facility ELISE. Fusion Engineering and Design 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Masiello A, Agarici G, Bonicelli T, Simon M, Alonso J, Bigi M, Boilson D, Chitarin G, Day C, Franzen P, Hanke S, Heinemann B, Hemsworth R, Luchetta A, Marcuzzi D, Milnes J, Minea T, Pasqualotto R, Pomaro N, Serianni G, Rigato W, Sonato P, Toigo V, F.Villecroze, Waldon C, Zaccaria P. The European contribution to the development of the ITER NB injector. Fusion Engineering and Design 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nocentini R, Gutser R, Heinemann B, Fröschle M, Riedl R. Optimization of the cooling circuit and thermo-mechanical analysis for the extraction grid of ELISE. Fusion Engineering and Design 2011; 86:916-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.01.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Singh M, Bandyopadhyay M, Rotti C, Singh N, Shah S, Bansal G, Gahlaut A, Soni J, Lakdawala H, Waghela H, Ahmed I, Roopesh G, Baruah U, Chakraborty A. An Indian test facility to characterise diagnostic neutral beam for ITER. Fusion Engineering and Design 2011; 86:732-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Marcuzzi D, Agostinetti P, Dalla Palma M, Degli Agostini F, Pavei M, Rizzolo A, Tollin M, Trevisan L. Detail design of the beam source for the SPIDER experiment. Fusion Engineering and Design 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Singh MJ, De Esch HPL. Physics design of a 100 keV acceleration grid system for the diagnostic neutral beam for international tokamak experimental reactor. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:013305. [PMID: 20113091 DOI: 10.1063/1.3271535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the physics design of a 100 keV, 60 A H(-) accelerator for the diagnostic neutral beam (DNB) for international tokamak experimental reactor (ITER). The accelerator is a three grid system comprising of 1280 apertures, grouped in 16 groups with 80 apertures per beam group. Several computer codes have been used to optimize the design which follows the same philosophy as the ITER Design Description Document (DDD) 5.3 and the 1 MeV heating and current drive beam line [R. Hemsworth, H. Decamps, J. Graceffa, B. Schunke, M. Tanaka, M. Dremel, A. Tanga, H. P. L. De Esch, F. Geli, J. Milnes, T. Inoue, D. Marcuzzi, P. Sonato, and P. Zaccaria, Nucl. Fusion 49, 045006 (2009)]. The aperture shapes, intergrid distances, and the extractor voltage have been optimized to minimize the beamlet divergence. To suppress the acceleration of coextracted electrons, permanent magnets have been incorporated in the extraction grid, downstream of the cooling water channels. The electron power loads on the extractor and the grounded grids have been calculated assuming 1 coextracted electron per ion. The beamlet divergence is calculated to be 4 mrad. At present the design for the filter field of the RF based ion sources for ITER is not fixed, therefore a few configurations of the same have been considered. Their effect on the transmission of the electrons and beams through the accelerator has been studied. The OPERA-3D code has been used to estimate the aperture offset steering constant of the grounded grid and the extraction grid, the space charge interaction between the beamlets and the kerb design required to compensate for this interaction. All beamlets in the DNB must be focused to a single point in the duct, 20.665 m from the grounded grid, and the required geometrical aimings and aperture offsets have been calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Singh
- ITER-India, Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382428, India
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Staebler A, Fantz U, Franzen P, Berger M, Christ-Koch S, Falter H, Froeschle M, Gutser R, Heinemann B, Holtum D, Kraus W, Martens C, McNeely P, Nocentini R, Obermayer S, Riedl R, Speth E, Wünderlich D. Development of a RF-driven ion source for the ITER NBI system. Fusion Engineering and Design 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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