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Fan Y, Wang X, Li Y, Lan A, Qiao J. Irradiation-Hardening Model of TiZrHfNbMo 0.1 Refractory High-Entropy Alloys. Entropy (Basel) 2024; 26:340. [PMID: 38667894 PMCID: PMC11048870 DOI: 10.3390/e26040340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In order to find more excellent structural materials resistant to radiation damage, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have been developed due to their characteristics of limited point defect diffusion such as lattice distortion and slow diffusion. Specially, refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) that can adapt to a high-temperature environment are badly needed. In this study, TiZrHfNbMo0.1 RHEAs are selected for irradiation and nanoindentation experiments. We combined the mechanistic model for the depth-dependent hardness of ion-irradiated metals and the introduction of the scale factor f to modify the irradiation-hardening model in order to better describe the nanoindentation indentation process in the irradiated layer. Finally, it can be found that, with the increase in irradiation dose, a more serious lattice distortion caused by a higher defect density limits the expansion of the plastic zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Fan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.F.); (A.L.)
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
| | - Yangyang Li
- Huaxin Gas Group Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030000, China;
| | - Aidong Lan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.F.); (A.L.)
| | - Junwei Qiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.F.); (A.L.)
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Zhang H, Wang Q, Li C, Zhu Z, Huang H, Lu Y. He-ion Irradiation Effects on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of the Ti-Zr-Hf-V-Ta Low-Activation High-Entropy Alloys. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5530. [PMID: 37629821 PMCID: PMC10456733 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have shown promising potential applications in advanced reactors due to the outstanding mechanical properties and irradiation tolerance at elevated temperatures. In this work, the novel low-activation Ti2ZrHfxV0.5Ta0.2 HEAs were designed and prepared to explore high-performance HEAs under irradiation. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the Ti2ZrHfxV0.5Ta0.2 HEAs before and after irradiation were investigated. The results showed that the unirradiated Ti2ZrHfxV0.5Ta0.2 HEAs displayed a single-phase BCC structure. The yield strength of the Ti2ZrHfxV0.5Ta0.2 HEAs increased gradually with the increase of Hf content without decreasing the plasticity at room and elevated temperatures. After irradiation, no obvious radiation-induced segregations or precipitations were found in the transmission electron microscope results of the representative Ti2ZrHfV0.5Ta0.2 HEA. The size and number density of the He bubbles in the Ti2ZrHfV0.5Ta0.2 HEA increased with the improvement of fluence at 1023 K. At the fluences of 1 × 1016 and 3 × 1016 ions/cm2, the irradiation hardening fractions of the Ti2ZrHfV0.5Ta0.2 HEA were 17.7% and 34.1%, respectively, which were lower than those of most reported conventional low-activation materials at similar He ion irradiation fluences. The Ti2ZrHfV0.5Ta0.2 HEA showed good comprehensive mechanical properties, structural stability, and irradiation hardening resistance at elevated temperatures, making it a promising structural material candidate for advanced nuclear energy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (H.Z.)
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (H.Z.)
| | - Chunhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (H.Z.)
| | - Zhenbo Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Hefei Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yiping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (H.Z.)
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Liu K, Long X, Li B, Xiao X, Jiang C. A hardening model considering grain size effect for ion-irradiated polycrystals under nanoindentation. Nuclear Engineering and Technology 2021; 53:2960-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tawfeeq MN, Klassen RJ. Effect of Sequential Helium and Nickel Ion Implantation on the Nano-Indentation Hardness of X750 Alloy. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4049095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sequential He+ and Ni+ implantations were performed to investigate their combined effect on the indentation hardness of heat-treated X750 alloy. The microstructure of the ion-implanted region was also characterized with transmission electron microscope (TEM). The X750 alloy displayed a pronounced softening with very low Ni+ implantation levels, ψ = 0.01–1.0 dpa, however it showed a clear increase in hardness when implanted with He+ up to CHe = 5000 appm. Samples subjected to sequential He+ and Ni+ implantations displayed hardness values between those presented by sole He+ or Ni+ implantation suggesting that the effects of ion-induced microstructural damage and helium accumulation on the hardness of this alloy can be considered as independent and additive over the range of conditions studied. This observation is in contradiction to previously reported TEM-based studies, which suggest that accumulated helium slows the dissolution/disordering of the γ′ hardening phase in this alloy. In our study, established theories were applied to assess the contribution of ion-induced defect clustering, γ′ precipitate disordering, and helium bubble accumulation to the hardness of the X750 alloy. It was observed that generation of ion-induced defect clusters and the formation of helium bubbles increased the indentation hardness slightly while the disordering of γ′ precipitates resulted in a dramatic decrease in the total hardness. Ni+ and He+ implantation also had different effects on the depth dependence of the indentation hardness indentation size effect (ISE). The ISE was pronounced in the samples subjected to only Ni+ implantation while it was almost absent in samples subjected to only He+ implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisaa N. Tawfeeq
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Robert J. Klassen
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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Shen Y, Zhou X, Huang X, Fan Z, Ma X, Chen H, Shi X. Identification of precipitate phases in CLAM steel. Fusion Engineering and Design 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.112168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Ion irradiation, combined with nanoindentation, has long been recognized as an effective way to study effects of irradiation on the mechanical properties of metallic materials. In this research, hardening and creep of ion irradiated Chinese low activation martensitic (CLAM) steel are investigated by nanoindentation. Firstly, it is demonstrated that ion irradiation results in the increase of hardness, because irradiation-induced defects impede the glide of dislocations. Secondly, the unirradiated CLAM steel shows indentation creep size effect (ICSE) that the indentation creep strain decreases with the applied load, and ICSE is found to be associated with the variations of geometrical necessary dislocations (GNDs) density. However, ion irradiation results in the alleviation of ICSE due to the irradiation hardening. Thirdly, ion irradiation accelerates nanoindentation creep due to the large numbers of irradiation-induced vacancies whose diffusion controls creep deformation. Meanwhile, owing to the annihilation of vacancies, ion irradiation has a significant influence on the primary creep while only negligible influence has been observed for the steady-state creep.
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Abstract
It has long been recognized that exposure to irradiation environments could dramatically degrade the mechanical properties of nuclear structural materials, i.e., irradiation-hardening and embrittlement. With the development of numerical simulation capability and advanced experimental equipment, the mysterious veil covering the fundamental mechanisms of irradiation-hardening and embrittlement has been gradually unveiled in recent years. This review intends to offer an overview of the fundamental mechanisms in this field at moderate irradiation conditions. After a general introduction of the phenomena of irradiation-hardening and embrittlement, the formation of irradiation-induced defects is discussed, covering the influence of both irradiation conditions and material properties. Then, the dislocation-defect interaction is addressed, which summarizes the interaction process and strength for various defect types and testing conditions. Moreover, the evolution mechanisms of defects and dislocations are focused on, involving the annihilation of irradiation defects, formation of defect-free channels, and generation of microvoids and cracks. Finally, this review closes with the current comprehension of irradiation-hardening and embrittlement, and aims to help design next-generation irradiation-resistant materials.
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Jiang S, Xu L, Zheng P. Evaluation of hardening behavior under synergistic interaction of He and subsequent H ions irradiation in vanadium alloys. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Liu P, Han W, Yi X, Zhan Q, Wan F. Effect of He and H synergy on mechanical property of ion-irradiated Fe-10Cr alloy. Fusion Engineering and Design 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li Q, Shen Y, Zhu J, Huang X, Shang Z. Evaluation of Irradiation Hardening of P92 Steel under Ar Ion Irradiation. Metals 2018; 8:94. [DOI: 10.3390/met8020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cui M, Shen T, Zhu H, Wang J, Cao X, Zhang P, Pang L, Yao C, Wei K, Zhu Y, Li B, Sun J, Gao N, Gao X, Zhang H, Sheng Y, Chang H, He W, Wang Z. Vacancy like defects and hardening of tungsten under irradiation with He ions at 800 °C. Fusion Engineering and Design 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Huang X, Shen Y, Li Q, Xu Z, Zhu J. Microstructural evolution of CLAM steel under 3.5 MeV Fe 13+ ion irradiation. Fusion Engineering and Design 2016; 109-111:1058-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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