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Doskas T, Vadikolias K, Ntoskas K, Vavougios GD, Tsiptsios D, Stamati P, Liampas I, Siokas V, Messinis L, Nasios G, Dardiotis E. Neurocognitive Impairment and Social Cognition in Parkinson's Disease Patients. Neurol Int 2024; 16:432-449. [PMID: 38668129 PMCID: PMC11054167 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to motor symptoms, neurocognitive impairment (NCI) affects patients with prodromal Parkinson's disease (PD). NCI in PD ranges from subjective cognitive complaints to dementia. The purpose of this review is to present the available evidence of NCI in PD and highlight the heterogeneity of NCI phenotypes as well as the range of factors that contribute to NCI onset and progression. A review of publications related to NCI in PD up to March 2023 was performed using PubMed/Medline. There is an interconnection between the neurocognitive and motor symptoms of the disease, suggesting a common underlying pathophysiology as well as an interconnection between NCI and non-motor symptoms, such as mood disorders, which may contribute to confounding NCI. Motor and non-motor symptom evaluation could be used prognostically for NCI onset and progression in combination with imaging, laboratory, and genetic data. Additionally, the implications of NCI on the social cognition of afflicted patients warrant its prompt management. The etiology of NCI onset and its progression in PD is multifactorial and its effects are equally grave as the motor effects. This review highlights the importance of the prompt identification of subjective cognitive complaints in PD patients and NCI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Doskas
- Department of Neurology, Athens Naval Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Neurology, General University Hospital of Alexandroupoli, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (K.V.); (D.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Vadikolias
- Department of Neurology, General University Hospital of Alexandroupoli, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (K.V.); (D.T.)
| | | | - George D. Vavougios
- Department of Neurology, Athens Naval Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyprus, 1678 Lefkosia, Cyprus
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsiptsios
- Department of Neurology, General University Hospital of Alexandroupoli, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (K.V.); (D.T.)
| | - Polyxeni Stamati
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (P.S.); (I.L.); (V.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Ioannis Liampas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (P.S.); (I.L.); (V.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (P.S.); (I.L.); (V.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Lambros Messinis
- School of Psychology, Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Behavioural Neuroscience, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Grigorios Nasios
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (P.S.); (I.L.); (V.S.); (E.D.)
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Mainka S, Lauermann M, Ebersbach G. Arm swing deviations in patients with Parkinson's disease at different gait velocities. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:655-661. [PMID: 36917345 PMCID: PMC10121495 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetry of arm swing (AS) has been described as a characteristic of normal physiological gait. In patients with Parkinson's disease (PWPD), a one-sided reduction of AS can occur already as a prodromal symptom. There is limited evidence regarding AS in PWPD, but a growing interest in AS as a focus of exercise therapy. The differences of AS between 32 healthy subjects (HS) and 36 mildly-to-moderately impaired PWPD were assessed in overground walking at various gait speeds. Assessments were carried out with a sensor-based gait measurement system over a 40 m walk in very slow, slow, preferred, fast, and very fast gait speed. Longitudinal and AS kinematics were compared with ANOVA function and regression analysis. PWPD exhibited a one-sided reduction of AS compared to HS at normal, fast, and very fast walking. AS coordination, representing the timing of reciprocity of right and left AS, was reduced in PWPD in very slow and normal walking. With respect to leg movements, PWPD exhibited an increase in stride time variability in very slow gait. There were no group differences for cadence, stride length, and gait velocity. This study informs about the kinematics of AS at various gait velocities ranging from very slow to very fast in mildly-to-moderately impaired PWPD. Reduced one-sided AS can be considered as a very early sign of parkinsonian gait disturbance that precedes alterations of locomotive leg movements and improves at faster gait speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mainka
- Movement Disorder Clinic, Parkinsonklinik, Str. n. Fichtenwalde 16, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany.
| | | | - Georg Ebersbach
- Movement Disorder Clinic, Parkinsonklinik, Str. n. Fichtenwalde 16, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
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Mc Ardle R, Pratt S, Buckley C, Del Din S, Galna B, Thomas A, Rochester L, Alcock L. Balance Impairments as Differential Markers of Dementia Disease Subtype. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:639337. [PMID: 33777910 PMCID: PMC7991998 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.639337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurately differentiating dementia subtypes, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body disease [including dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD)] is important to ensure appropriate management and treatment of the disease. Similarities in clinical presentation create difficulties for differential diagnosis. Simple supportive markers, such as balance assessments, may be useful to the diagnostic toolkit. This study aimed to identify differences in balance impairments between different dementia disease subtypes and normal aging using a single triaxial accelerometer. Methods Ninety-seven participants were recruited, forming four groups: cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD group; n = 31), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB group; n = 26), Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD group; n = 13), and normal aging controls (n = 27). Participants were asked to stand still for 2 minutes in a standardized position with their eyes open while wearing a single triaxial accelerometer on their lower back. Seven balance characteristics were derived, including jerk (combined, mediolateral, and anterior–posterior), root mean square (RMS; combined, mediolateral, and anterior–posterior), and ellipsis. Mann–Whitney U tests identified the balance differences between groups. Receiver operating characteristics and area under the curve (AUC) determined the overall accuracy of the selected balance characteristics. Results The PDD group demonstrated higher RMS [combined (p = 0.001), mediolateral (p = 0.005), and anterior–posterior (p = 0.001)] and ellipsis scores (p < 0.002) than the AD group (AUC = 0.71–0.82). The PDD group also demonstrated significantly impaired balance across all characteristics (p ≤ 0.001) compared to the controls (AUC = 0.79–0.83). Balance differences were not significant between PDD and DLB (AUC = 0.69–0.74), DLB and AD (AUC = 0.50–0.65), DLB and controls (AUC = 0.62–0.68), or AD and controls (AUC = 0.55–0.67) following Bonferroni correction. Discussion Although feasible and quick to conduct, key findings suggest that an accelerometer-based balance during quiet standing does not differentiate dementia disease subtypes accurately. Assessments that challenge balance more, such as gait or standing with eyes closed, may prove more effective to support differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ríona Mc Ardle
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Pratt
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Buckley
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Del Din
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Brook Galna
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sports Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Thomas
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn Rochester
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Alcock
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Bonnet CT, Delval A, Singh T, Kechabia YR, Defebvre L. New insight into Parkinson's disease-related impairment of the automatic control of upright stance. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:4851-4862. [PMID: 32558964 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) affects the automatic control of body movements. In our study, we tested PD-related impairments in automatic postural control in quiet upright stance. Twenty PD patients (mean age: 60 ± 8 years; Hoehn and Yahr: 2.00 ± 0.32, on-drug) and twenty age-matched controls (61 ± 7 years) were recruited. We studied interrelations between center-of-pressure movements, body movements (head, neck, and lower back), eye movements and variability of pupil size. Participants performed two fixation tasks while standing, during which they looked at: (a) a cross surrounded by a white background; and (b) a cross surrounded by a structured visual background (images used: rooms in houses). PD patients exhibited stronger and weaker correlations between eye and center-of-pressure/body movement variables than age-matched controls in the white and structured fixation tasks, respectively. Partial correlations, controlling for variability of pupil size showed that PD patients used lower and greater attentional resources than age-matched controls to control their eye and center-of-pressure/body movements simultaneously in the white fixation and structured fixation tasks, respectively. In the white fixation task, PD patients used attentional resources to optimize visuomotor coupling between eye and body movements to control their posture. In the structured fixation task, the salient visual stimuli distracted PD patients' attention and that possibly affected postural control by deteriorating the automatic visuomotor coupling. In contrast, age-matched controls were able to use surrounding visual background to improve the automatic coupling between eye and center-of-pressure movements to control their posture. These results suggest that cluttered environments may distract PD patients and deteriorate their postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédrick T Bonnet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Delval
- Unité INSERM 1172, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, CHRU Lille, Hôpital Salengro, Lille, France
| | - Tarkeshwar Singh
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yann-Romain Kechabia
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Luc Defebvre
- CHRU Lille, Unité INSERM 1172, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital Salengro, Lille, France
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Morris R, Martini DN, Smulders K, Kelly VE, Zabetian CP, Poston K, Hiller A, Chung KA, Yang L, Hu SC, Edwards KL, Cholerton B, Grabowski TJ, Montine TJ, Quinn JF, Horak F. Cognitive associations with comprehensive gait and static balance measures in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 69:104-110. [PMID: 31731260 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gait and balance impairments are cardinal features of Parkinson's disease (PD) that require cognitive input. However, the extent to which specific gait and balance characteristics relate to cognition in PD is unclear. In addition, independent models of gait and balance have not been developed from the same cohort. We aimed to i) develop models of gait and balance in a large PD cohort and ii) determine which gait and balance characteristics best related to cognition. METHODS One hundred and ninety-eight people with PD were recruited to the Pacific Udall Center. Using six inertial sensors (APDM, Inc.), comprehensive gait measurements were collected over a 2-min continuous walk and comprehensive static balance measures were collected during a 60-second standing task. Six domains of cognition were assessed: global cognition, attention, executive function, language, memory, and visuospatial function. Correlations and hierarchical linear regression determined independent associations. RESULTS Principal components analysis identified a gait model containing four domains accounting for 80.1% of total variance: pace/turning, rhythm, variability, and trunk. The balance model contained four independent domains accounting for 84.5% of total variance: sway area/jerkiness, sway velocity, sway frequency anteroposterior, and sway frequency mediolateral. Gait domains of pace/turning and variability were strongly associated with attention and executive function. Sway area and jerkiness of balance associated with attention and visuospatial function. CONCLUSIONS Gait and balance characteristics were associated with specific types of cognition. The specific relationships between gait or balance with cognitive functions suggests shared cerebral cortical circuitry for mobility and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Morris
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Douglas N Martini
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Katrijn Smulders
- Sint Maartenskliniek Research Department, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Valerie E Kelly
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cyrus P Zabetian
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen Poston
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Amie Hiller
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kathryn A Chung
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Laurice Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Shu-Ching Hu
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen L Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Brenna Cholerton
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Grabowski
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Portland Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Fay Horak
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Portland Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.
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Bargiotas I, Moreau A, Vienne A, Bompaire F, Baruteau M, de Laage M, Campos M, Psimaras D, Vayatis N, Labourdette C, Vidal PP, Ricard D, Buffat S. Balance Impairment in Radiation Induced Leukoencephalopathy Patients Is Coupled With Altered Visual Attention in Natural Tasks. Front Neurol 2019; 9:1185. [PMID: 30728804 PMCID: PMC6351469 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have shown that alterations in executive function and attention lead to balance control disturbances. One way of exploring the allocation of attention is to record eye movements. Most experimental data come from a free viewing of static scenes but additional information can be leveraged by recording eye movements during natural tasks. Here, we aimed to provide evidence of a correlation between impaired visual alteration in natural tasks and postural control in patients suffering from Radiation-Induced Leukoencephalopathy (RIL). Methods: The study subjects were nine healthy controls and 10 patients who were diagnosed with RIL at an early stage, with isolated dysexecutive syndrome without clinically detectable gait or posture impairment. We performed a balance evaluation and eye movement recording during an ecological task (reading a recipe while cooking). We calculated a postural score and oculomotor parameters already proposed in the literature. We performed a variable selection using an out-of-bag random permutation and a random forest regression algorithm to find: (i) if visual parameters can predict postural deficit and, (ii) which are the most important of them in this prediction. Results were validated using the leave-one-out cross-validation procedure. Results: Postural scores indeed were found significantly lower in patients with RIL than in healthy controls. Visual parameters were found able to predict the postural score of RIL patients with normalized root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.16. The present analysis showed that horizontal and vertical eye movements, as well as the average duration of the saccades and fixations influenced significantly the prediction of the postural score in RIL patients. While two patients with very low MATTIS-Attention sub score showed the lowest postural scores, no statistically significant relationship was found between the two outcomes. Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between the severity of balance deficits and the visual characteristics in RIL patients. It seems that increased balance impairment is coupled with a reduced focusing capacity in ecological tasks. Balance and eye movement recordings during a natural task could be a useful aspect of multidimensional scoring of the dysexecutive syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bargiotas
- UMR 8257 Cognition and Action Group (CNRS, Service de Santé des Armées, Université Paris Descartes Paris Sorbonne Cité), Paris, France.,CMLA, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Albane Moreau
- Service de neurologie, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Service de Santé des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Alienor Vienne
- UMR 8257 Cognition and Action Group (CNRS, Service de Santé des Armées, Université Paris Descartes Paris Sorbonne Cité), Paris, France
| | - Flavie Bompaire
- Service de neurologie, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Service de Santé des Armées, Clamart, France.,OncoNeuroTox Center, Paris, France
| | - Marie Baruteau
- Service de neurologie, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Service de Santé des Armées, Clamart, France.,OncoNeuroTox Center, Paris, France
| | - Marie de Laage
- Service de neurologie, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Service de Santé des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Matéo Campos
- Service de neurologie, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Service de Santé des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Dimitri Psimaras
- Service de neurologie, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Service de Santé des Armées, Clamart, France.,OncoNeuroTox Center, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Vayatis
- CMLA, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | | | - Pierre-Paul Vidal
- UMR 8257 Cognition and Action Group (CNRS, Service de Santé des Armées, Université Paris Descartes Paris Sorbonne Cité), Paris, France.,School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Damien Ricard
- UMR 8257 Cognition and Action Group (CNRS, Service de Santé des Armées, Université Paris Descartes Paris Sorbonne Cité), Paris, France.,Service de neurologie, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Service de Santé des Armées, Clamart, France.,OncoNeuroTox Center, Paris, France.,Ecole du val de Grâce, Service de Santé des Armées, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Buffat
- UMR 8257 Cognition and Action Group (CNRS, Service de Santé des Armées, Université Paris Descartes Paris Sorbonne Cité), Paris, France.,OncoNeuroTox Center, Paris, France.,Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
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Aylar MF, Jafarnezhadgero A, Esker FS, Barber R, Robertson DGE. The effect of time restricted visual sensory input on asymmetry of ground reaction force components in female children. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2018; 22:917-23. [PMID: 30368335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The association between visual sensory and the asymmetry index of sit-to-stand ground reaction force characteristics is not fully understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate asymmetry index of sit-to-stand ground reaction forces, their times-to-peak, vertical loading rate, impulses, and free moment in blind and sighted children. 15 female children with congenital blindness and 30 healthy girls with no visual impairments volunteered to participate in this study. The girls with congenital blindness were placed in one group and the girls with no visual impairments were randomly divided into two groups of 15. The two condition groups consisted of, one eyes open and the other, eyes closed. The participants in the eyes closed group were asked to close their eyes for 20 min before the test, whereas those in the eyes open group kept their eyes open. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected using an eight-camera motion analysis system synchronized with two force plates embedded in the floor. A MANOVA test was run for between-group comparisons. There were no distinctive biomechanical alternations in all axes of ground reaction forces and their times-to-peak, vertical loading rate, impulses and free moments in congenital blindness and eyes closed groups compared with the eyes open group. However, eyes closed was associated with increased total time and second phase duration of sit-to-stand performance by 69% (p = 0.008) and 62% (p = 0.008), respectively. These findings reveal that individuals who are visually restricted in the short term, do not develop stereotypical movement strategies for sit-to-stand.
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Litvinenko IV, Dynin PS, Trufanov AG, Gimadutdinov RF, Maltsev DS. [Eye as an object of investigation of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018; 118:105-114. [PMID: 30346443 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2018118062105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study visual and spatial disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and eighteen patients with PD and 30 healthy people (the control group) were studied. All participants underwent neurological and ophthalmological examinations. PD progression was assessed using The Hoehn and Yahr scale. MMSE, FAB and other psychological tests were administered. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and MRI of the brain were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The relationship of the variation in the thickness of various parts of the retina and brain cortex with cognitive deficit that manifests itself as visual-spatial disturbances is shown. The complex diagnostic technique, including neuropsychological and instrumental method (OCT of the retina, MRI of the brain with MRI-morphometry), should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Litvinenko
- S.M. Kirov Saint-Petersburg Military Medical Academy, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - P S Dynin
- S.M. Kirov Saint-Petersburg Military Medical Academy, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A G Trufanov
- S.M. Kirov Saint-Petersburg Military Medical Academy, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - R F Gimadutdinov
- S.M. Kirov Saint-Petersburg Military Medical Academy, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - D S Maltsev
- S.M. Kirov Saint-Petersburg Military Medical Academy, St-Petersburg, Russia
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Rovini E, Maremmani C, Cavallo F. How Wearable Sensors Can Support Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis and Treatment: A Systematic Review. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:555. [PMID: 29056899 PMCID: PMC5635326 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and disabling pathology that is characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms and affects millions of people worldwide. The disease significantly affects quality of life of those affected. Many works in literature discuss the effects of the disease. The most promising trends involve sensor devices, which are low cost, low power, unobtrusive, and accurate in the measurements, for monitoring and managing the pathology. OBJECTIVES This review focuses on wearable devices for PD applications and identifies five main fields: early diagnosis, tremor, body motion analysis, motor fluctuations (ON-OFF phases), and home and long-term monitoring. The concept is to obtain an overview of the pathology at each stage of development, from the beginning of the disease to consider early symptoms, during disease progression with analysis of the most common disorders, and including management of the most complicated situations (i.e., motor fluctuations and long-term remote monitoring). DATA SOURCES The research was conducted within three databases: IEEE Xplore®, Science Direct®, and PubMed Central®, between January 2006 and December 2016. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Since 1,429 articles were found, accurate definition of the exclusion criteria and selection strategy allowed identification of the most relevant papers. RESULTS Finally, 136 papers were fully evaluated and included in this review, allowing a wide overview of wearable devices for the management of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Rovini
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Carlo Maremmani
- U.O. Neurologia, Ospedale delle Apuane (AUSL Toscana Nord Ovest), Massa, Italy
| | - Filippo Cavallo
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
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Abstract
This chapter describes the visual problems likely to be encountered in Parkinson's disease (PD) and whether such signs are useful in differentiating the parkinsonian syndromes. Visual dysfunction in PD may involve visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color discrimination, pupil reactivity, saccadic and pursuit eye movements, motion perception, visual fields, and visual processing speeds. In addition, disturbance of visuospatial orientation, facial recognition problems, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, and chronic visual hallucinations may be present. Problems affecting pupil reactivity, stereopsis, pursuit eye movement, and visuomotor adaptation, when accompanied by REM sleep behavior disorder, could be early features of PD. Dementia associated with PD is associated with enhanced eye movement problems, visuospatial deficits, and visual hallucinations. Visual dysfunction may be a useful diagnostic feature in differentiating PD from other parkinsonian symptoms, visual hallucinations, visuospatial dysfunction, and variation in saccadic eye movement problems being particularly useful discriminating features.
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