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Azevedo CM, Meira CS, da Silva JW, Moura DMN, de Oliveira SA, da Costa CJ, Santos EDS, Soares MBP. Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products in the Treatment of Schistosomiasis. Molecules 2023; 28:6807. [PMID: 37836650 PMCID: PMC10574020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that 250 million people worldwide are affected by schistosomiasis. Disease transmission is related to the poor sanitation and hygiene habits that affect residents of impoverished regions in tropical and subtropical countries. The main species responsible for causing disease in humans are Schistosoma Mansoni, S. japonicum, and S. haematobium, each with different geographic distributions. Praziquantel is the drug predominantly used to treat this disease, which offers low effectiveness against immature and juvenile parasite forms. In addition, reports of drug resistance prompt the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Natural products represent an important source of new compounds, especially those obtained from plant sources. This review compiles data from several in vitro and in vivo studies evaluating various compounds and essential oils derived from plants with cercaricidal and molluscicidal activities against both juvenile and adult forms of the parasite. Finally, this review provides an important discussion on recent advances in molecular and computational tools deemed fundamental for more rapid and effective screening of new compounds, allowing for the optimization of time and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Machado Azevedo
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (C.M.A.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Cássio Santana Meira
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (C.M.A.); (C.S.M.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (J.W.d.S.); (E.d.S.S.)
| | - Jaqueline Wang da Silva
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (J.W.d.S.); (E.d.S.S.)
| | - Danielle Maria Nascimento Moura
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ/PE), Recife 50740-465, Brazil; (D.M.N.M.); (S.A.d.O.); (C.J.d.C.)
| | - Sheilla Andrade de Oliveira
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ/PE), Recife 50740-465, Brazil; (D.M.N.M.); (S.A.d.O.); (C.J.d.C.)
| | - Cícero Jádson da Costa
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ/PE), Recife 50740-465, Brazil; (D.M.N.M.); (S.A.d.O.); (C.J.d.C.)
| | - Emanuelle de Souza Santos
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (J.W.d.S.); (E.d.S.S.)
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (C.M.A.); (C.S.M.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (J.W.d.S.); (E.d.S.S.)
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Yan X, Li Y, Li W, Liang D, Nie S, Chen R, Qiao J, Wen M, Caiyin Q. Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Sesquiterpene Synthases in Liverwort Jungermannia exsertifolia. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050569. [PMID: 37237639 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The liverwort Jungermannia exsertifolia is one of the oldest terrestrial plants and rich in structurally specific sesquiterpenes. There are several sesquiterpene synthases (STSs) with non-classical conserved motifs that have been discovered in recent studies on liverworts; these motifs are rich in aspartate and bind with cofactors. However, more detailed sequence information is needed to clarify the biochemical diversity of these atypical STSs. This study mined J. exsertifolia sesquiterpene synthases (JeSTSs) through transcriptome analysis using BGISEQ-500 sequencing technology. A total of 257,133 unigenes was obtained, and the average length was 933 bp. Among them, a total of 36 unigenes participated in the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes. In addition, the in vitro enzymatic characterization and heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that JeSTS1 and JeSTS2 produced nerolidol as the major product, while JeSTS4 could produce bicyclogermacrene and viridiflorol, suggesting a specificity of J. exsertifolia sesquiterpene profiles. Furthermore, the identified JeSTSs had a phylogenetic relationship with a new branch of plant terpene synthases, the microbial terpene synthase-like (MTPSL) STSs. This work contributes to the understanding of the metabolic mechanism for MTPSL-STSs in J. exsertifolia and could provide an efficient alternative to microbial synthesis of these bioactive sesquiterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing 312300, China
| | - Yukun Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing 312300, China
| | - Dongmei Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing 312300, China
| | - Shengxin Nie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing 312300, China
| | - Mingzhang Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qinggele Caiyin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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Costa DDS, Leal CM, Cajas RA, Gazolla MC, Silva LM, Carvalho LSAD, Lemes BL, Moura ROD, Almeida JD, de Moraes J, da Silva Filho AA. Antiparasitic properties of 4-nerolidylcatechol from Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq. (Piperaceae) in vitro and in mice models with either prepatent or patent Schistosoma mansoni infections. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 313:116607. [PMID: 37149066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Roots of Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq. are used in traditional medicine of Africa and South America for the treatment of malaria and helminthiasis. However, neither P. umbellata nor its isolated compounds have been evaluated against Schistosoma species. AIMS OF THIS STUDY To investigate the antischistosomal effects of P. umbellata root extracts and the isolated compound 4-nerolidylcatechol (4-NC) against Schistosoma mansoni ex vivo and in murine models of schistosomiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crude hydroalcoholic (PuE) and hexane (PuH) extracts of P. umbellata roots were prepared and initially submitted to an ex vivo phenotypic screening against adult S. mansoni. PuH was analyzed by HPLC-DAD, characterized by UHPLC-HRMS/MS, and submitted to chromatographic fractionation, leading to the isolation of 4-NC. The anthelmintic properties of 4-NC were assayed ex vivo against adult schistosomes and in murine models of schistosomiasis for both patent and prepatent S. mansoni infections. Praziquantel (PZQ) was used as a reference compound. RESULTS PuE (EC50: 18.7 μg/mL) and PuH (EC50: 9.2 μg/mL) kill adult schistosomes ex vivo. The UHPLC-HRMS/MS analysis of PuH, the most active extract, revealed the presence of 4-NC, peltatol A, and peltatol B or C. After isolation from PuH, 4-NC presented remarkable in vitro schistosomicidal activity with EC50 of 2.9 μM (0.91 μg/mL) and a selectivity index higher than 68 against Vero mammalian cells, without affecting viability of nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In patent S. mansoni infection, the oral treatment with 4-NC decreased worm burden and egg production in 52.1% and 52.3%, respectively, also reducing splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. 4-NC, unlike PZQ, showed in vivo efficacy against juvenile S. mansoni, decreasing worm burden in 52.4%. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that P. umbellata roots possess antischistosomal activity, giving support for the medicinal use of this plant against parasites. 4-NC was identified from P. umbellata roots as one of the effective in vitro and in vivo antischistosomal compound and as a potential lead for the development of novel anthelmintics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo de Souza Costa
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Carla Monteiro Leal
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Rayssa A Cajas
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Coutinho Gazolla
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Lívia Mara Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Lara Soares Aleixo de Carvalho
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Bruna L Lemes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil.
| | - Renato Oliveira de Moura
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Juliana de Almeida
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil.
| | - Ademar A da Silva Filho
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
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Abd El Hady WE, El-Emam GA, Saleh NE, Hamouda MM, Motawea A. The Idiosyncratic Efficacy of Spironolactone-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Against Murine Intestinal Schistosomiasis. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:987-1005. [PMID: 36860210 PMCID: PMC9968784 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s389449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis is a chronic debilitating parasitic disease accompanied with severe mortality rates. Although praziquantel (PZQ) acts as the sole drug for the management of this disease, it has many limitations that restrict the use of this treatment approach. Repurposing of spironolactone (SPL) and nanomedicine represents a promising approach to improve anti-schistosomal therapy. We have developed SPL-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance the solubility, efficacy, and drug delivery and hence decrease the frequency of administration, which is of great clinical value. Methods The physico-chemical assessment was performed starting with particle size analysis and confirmed using TEM, FT-IR, DSC, and XRD. The antischistosomal effect of the SPL-loaded PLGA NPs against Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni)-induced infection in mice was also estimated. Results Our results manifested that the optimized prepared NPs had particle size of 238.00 ± 7.21 nm, and the zeta potential was -19.66 ± 0.98 nm, effective encapsulation 90.43±8.81%. Other physico-chemical features emphasized that nanoparticles were completely encapsulated inside the polymer matrix. The in vitro dissolution studies revealed that SPL-loaded PLGA NPs showed sustained biphasic release pattern and followed Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics corresponding to Fickian diffusion (n<0.45). The used regimen was efficient against S. mansoni infection and induced significant reduction in spleen, liver indices, and total worm count (ρ<0.05). Besides, when targeting the adult stages, it induced decline in the hepatic egg load and the small intestinal egg load by 57.75% and 54.17%, respectively, when compared to the control group. SPL-loaded PLGA NPs caused extensive damage to adult worms on tegument and suckers, leading to the death of the parasites in less time, plus marked improvement in liver pathology. Conclusion Collectively, these findings provided proof-of-evidence that the developed SPL-loaded PLGA NPs could be potentially used as a promising candidate for new antischistosomal drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghada Ahmed El-Emam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nora E Saleh
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Hamouda
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amira Motawea
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt,Correspondence: Amira Motawea, Email
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da Silva JV, Moreira CC, Montija EDA, Feitosa KA, Correia RDO, Domingues NLDC, Soares EG, Allegretti SM, Afonso A, Anibal FDF. Schiff bases complexed with iron and their relation with the life cycle and infection by Schistosoma mansoni. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1021768. [PMID: 36618401 PMCID: PMC9811594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The trematode Schistosoma mansoni causes schistosomiasis, and this parasite's life cycle depends on the mollusk Biomphalaria glabrata. The most effective treatment for infected people is administering a single dose of Praziquantel. However, there are naturally resistant to treatment. This work has developed, considering this parasite's complex life cycle. Methods The synthetics compound were evaluated: i) during the infection of B. glabrata, ii) during the infection of BALB/c mice, and iii) during the treatment of mice infected with S. mansoni. Results and Discussion For the first objective, snails infected with miracidia treated with compounds C1 and C3 at concentrations of 25% IC50 and 50% IC50, after 80 days of infection, released fewer cercariae than the infected group without treatment. For the second objective, compounds C1 and C3 did not show significant results in the infected group without treatment. For the third objective, the mice treated with C3 and C1 reduced the global and differential cell count. The results suggest that although the evaluated compounds do not present schistosomicidal properties when placed in cercariae suspension, they can stimulate an immune reaction in snails and decrease mice's inflammatory response. In general, we can conclude that compound C1 and C3 has an anti-schistosomicidal effect both in the larval phase (miracidia) and in the adult form of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Virginio da Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia (DMP), Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas (LIDI), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Juliana Virginio da Silva,
| | - Carla Cristina Moreira
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia (DMP), Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas (LIDI), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisandra de Almeida Montija
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia (DMP), Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas (LIDI), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Alves Feitosa
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia (DMP), Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas (LIDI), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira Correia
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia (DMP), Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas (LIDI), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson Luis de Campos Domingues
- Laboratório de catálise orgânica e biocatálise, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Edson Garcia Soares
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silmara Marques Allegretti
- Departamento De Biologia Animal, Instituto de BiologiaEstadual de Campinas, Universidade, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Afonso
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia (DMP), Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas (LIDI), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil,Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Unidade de Parasitologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisboa, Portugal,Instituto de Química de São Carlos (IQSC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil,Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., (INIAV), Laboratório de Parasitologia, Oeiras, Portugal,Laboratório de Parasitologia, Quantoom’s Bioscience, Nivelles, Bélgica, Belgium
| | - Fernanda de Freitas Anibal
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia (DMP), Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas (LIDI), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
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Kokilananthan S, Bulugahapitiya VP, Manawadu H, Gangabadage CS. Sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes from different varieties of guava leaf essential oils and their antioxidant potential. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12104. [PMID: 36568663 PMCID: PMC9768318 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite that Sri Lanka is a biodiversity hotspot with numerous guava varieties (Psidium guajava L.), no adequate scientific research has been reported on leaf essential oil (EO) composition based on varieties and its pharmacological properties, namely antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study focused to evaluate the chemical compositions and antioxidative capacity of EOs isolated from leaves of seven guava varieties grown in Sri Lanka, including apple-guava (P. pomiferum , PGA), common-guava (P. guaja v a , PGCG), two wild-guava; cultivar of P. guajava (PGG) and a cultivar of P. guineense (PGE), two introduced varieties of P. guajava (PGK and PGP), and one introduced variety of P. guineense (PGC). The EOs were isolated using hydro-distillation and the chemical compositions were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique, and the compounds that showed greater than 90% matching value were considered for characterization. The yields of EOs ranged from 0.02-0.26% (w/w) where PGE produced the greatest amount. About sixty-eight chemical compounds were identified from seven varieties and Sesquiterpenes were found to be the most abundant in the PGCG, PGG, PGE, and PGA varieties, whereas monoterpenes were found to be the most abundant in PGK, PGP, and PGC varieties. The sesquiterpenes, Nerolidol (70.0-7.9%), (-)-Globulol (21.0-7.0%), and Caryophyllene (20.4-1.4%) and monoterpenes, D-Limonene (30.3-14.1 %) were found as the major compounds of all studied guava varieties. Twenty-eight compounds were identified for the first time in guava EOs, including Cadinadiene-1,4, Benzylacetaldehyde, and Epiglobulol. The antioxidant efficacy of EOs varied from 329.56 ± 2.01 to 85.70 ± 2.01 μL Trolox Eq/L, where PGE showed the highest antioxidative potential. Ultimately, the chemical constituents and antioxidant capacity of isolated EOs varied with the variety, with EO from PGE leaves exerting an amazing antioxidant capacity compared to the others and being rich in Nerolidol. The findings of this study fill the gap in the literature on chemical constituents in the EO of guava leaves, and also it will open the avenue to discover novel potential compounds with outstanding pharmacological activities from guava leaves.
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Brito JR, Wilairatana P, Roquini DB, Parra BC, Gonçalves MM, Souza DCS, Ferreira EA, Salvadori MC, Teixeira FS, Lago JHG, de Moraes J. Neolignans isolated from Saururus cernuus L. (Saururaceae) exhibit efficacy against Schistosoma mansoni. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19320. [PMID: 36369516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by the blood fluke of the genus Schistosoma, affects over 230 million people, especially in developing countries. Despite the significant economic and public health consequences, only one drug is currently available for treatment of schistosomiasis, praziquantel. Thus, there is an urgent demand for new anthelmintic agents. Based on our continuous studies involving the chemical prospection of floristic biodiversity aiming to discover new bioactive compounds, this work reports the in vitro antiparasitic activity against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms of neolignans threo-austrobailignan-6 and verrucosin, both isolated from Saururus cernuus L. (Saururaceae). These neolignans showed a significant in vitro schistosomicidal activity, with EC50 values of 12.6-28.1 µM. Further analysis revealed a pronounced reduction in the number of S. mansoni eggs. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed morphological alterations when schistosomes were exposed to either threo-austrobailignan-6 or verrucosin. These relevant antischistosomal properties were accompanied by low cytotoxicity potential against the animal (Vero) and human (HaCaT) cell lines, resulting in a high selectivity index. Considering the promising chemical and biological properties of threo-austrobailignan-6 and verrucosin, this research should be of interest to those in the area of neglected diseases and in particular antischistosomal drug discovery.
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Yu Y, Velu P, Ma Y, Vijayalakshmi A. Nerolidol induced apoptosis via PI3K/JNK regulation through cell cycle arrest in MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. Environ Toxicol 2022; 37:1750-1758. [PMID: 35357761 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the cell proliferation, apoptotic pathway analysis through protein, mRNA and cell cycle arrest mechanism in nerolidol induced osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. The osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were treated with various doses of nerolidol (15 and 20 μM/ml) for 24 h. Cell proliferation was examined using assist method of MTT assay, fixed the IC50 value of nerolidol 15 μM/ml. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was analyzed by DCFH-DA dye, mitochondrial potential detected by Rh-123 dye, apoptotic morphological changes identified by AO/EtBr, PI, DAPI staining, and cell adhesion were detected by using fluorescence microscope. Cell proliferation, and apoptotic molecular protein and mRNA expressions such as ERK, P38, p-PI3K, p-JNK, Bcl-2, JNK, p-P38, cyclin-D1, and Bax were analyzed in osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Nerolidol significantly suppressed the osteosarcoma cells progression in a dose dependent manner (p < .05) evident in the oxidative stress induction and apoptotic morphological changes. Nerolidol also regulated the protein PI3K/AKT mechanistically via induction of apoptosis Nerolidol suppresses osteosarcoma MG-63 cells by PI3K/AKT by cell cycle arrest at early phase of G0/G1. To sum up, nerolidol suppressed the growth of bone cancer cells and can be finally targeted as a potent drug for analyzing its chemotherapeutic effects in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Traumatic Joint Surgery, 3201 Hospital, Hanzhong, China
| | - Periyannan Velu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | - Yulong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics and Burn Plastic Surgery, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Annamalai Vijayalakshmi
- PG & Research Department of Biochemistry, Rabiammal Ahamed Maideen College for Women, Thiruvarur, India
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9
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Probst A, Biendl S, Keiser J. Improving translational power in antischistosomal drug discovery. Adv Parasitol 2022; 117:47-73. [PMID: 35878949 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a poverty-associated tropical disease caused by blood dwelling trematodes that threaten approximately 10% of the world population. Praziquantel, the sole drug currently available for treatment, is insufficient to eliminate the disease and the clinical drug development pipeline is empty. Here, we review the characteristics of the patent Schistosoma mansoni mouse model used for in vivo antischistosomal drug discovery, highlighting differences in the experimental set-up across research groups and their potential influence on experimental results. We explore the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of selected drug candidates, showcasing opportunities to improve the drug profile to accelerate the transition from the early drug discovery phase to new clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Probst
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Biendl
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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10
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Xavier ES, de Souza RL, Rodrigues VC, Melo CO, Roquini DB, Lemes BL, Wilairatana P, Oliveira EE, de Moraes J. Therapeutic Efficacy of Carvacrol-Loaded Nanoemulsion in a Mouse Model of Schistosomiasis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917363. [PMID: 35784725 PMCID: PMC9247328 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since praziquantel is the only drug available to treat schistosomiasis, a neglected parasitic disease that affects more than 240 million people worldwide, there is an urgent demand for new antischistosomal agents. Natural compound-loaded nanoparticles have recently emerged as a promising alternative for the treatment of schistosomiasis. Carvacrol is an antimicrobial monoterpene present in the essential oil extracted from several plants, especially oregano (Origanum vulgare). In this study, a carvacrol nanoemulsion (CVNE) was prepared, characterized, and administered orally (200 mg/kg) in a mouse infected with either immature (prepatent infection) or adult (patent infection) Schistosoma mansoni. For comparison, data obtained with an unloaded nanoemulsion (blank formulation), free carvacrol, and the drug of reference praziquantel are also presented. CVNE was more effective than free carvacrol in reducing the worm burden and egg production in both patent and prepatent infections. Favorably, CVNE had a high effect in terms of reducing the number of worms and eggs (85%–90%) compared with praziquantel (∼30%) in prepatent infection. In tandem, carvacrol-loaded nanoemulsion markedly improved antischistosomal activity, showing efficiency in reducing worm and egg burden, and thus it may be a promising delivery system for the treatment of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilaine S. Xavier
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Rafael L. de Souza
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, State University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Camila O. Melo
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, State University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Daniel B. Roquini
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Bruna L. Lemes
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Polrat Wilairatana, ; Josué de Moraes,
| | - Elquio E. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, State University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Polrat Wilairatana, ; Josué de Moraes,
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11
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de Carvalho LSA, de Souza VC, Rodrigues VC, Ribeiro AC, Nascimento JWL, Capriles PVSZ, Pinto PDF, de Moraes J, da Silva Filho AA. Identification of Asiaticoside from Centella erecta (Apiaceae) as Potential Apyrase Inhibitor by UF-UHPLC-MS and Its In Vivo Antischistosomal Activity. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051071. [PMID: 35631657 PMCID: PMC9143675 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, caused by parasites of the genus Schistosoma, is a neglected disease with high global prevalence, affecting more than 240 million people in several countries. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the only drug currently available for the treatment. S. mansoni NTPDases (known as SmNTPDases, ATP diphosphohydrolases or ecto-apyrases) are potential drug targets for the discovery of new antischistosomal drugs. In this study, we screen NTPDases inhibitors from Centella erecta (Apiaceae) using an ultrafiltration combined UHPLC-QTOF-MS method and potato apyrase, identifying asiaticoside as one of the apyrase-binding compounds. After isolation of asiaticoside from C. erecta extract, we assessed its in vivo antischistosomal activities against Schistosoma mansoni worms and its in vitro enzymatic apyrase inhibition. Also, molecular docking analysis of asiaticoside against potato apyrase, S. mansoni NTPDases 1 and 2 were performed. Asiaticoside showed a significant in vitro apyrase inhibition and molecular docking studies corroborate with its possible actions in potato apyrase and S. mansoni NTPDases. In mice harboring a patent S. mansoni infection, a single oral dose of asiaticoside (400 mg/kg. p.o.) showed significantly in vivo antischistosomal efficacy, markedly decreasing the total worm load and egg burden, giving support for further exploration of apyrase inhibitors as antischistosomal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Soares Aleixo de Carvalho
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil;
| | - Vinícius Carius de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Modelagem Computacional, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil; (V.C.d.S.); (P.V.S.Z.C.)
| | - Vinícius C. Rodrigues
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos 07023-070, SP, Brazil; (V.C.R.); (J.d.M.)
| | - Aline Correa Ribeiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil; (A.C.R.); (J.W.L.N.); (P.d.F.P.)
| | - Jorge Willian Leandro Nascimento
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil; (A.C.R.); (J.W.L.N.); (P.d.F.P.)
| | - Priscila V. S. Z. Capriles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Modelagem Computacional, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil; (V.C.d.S.); (P.V.S.Z.C.)
| | - Priscila de F. Pinto
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil; (A.C.R.); (J.W.L.N.); (P.d.F.P.)
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos 07023-070, SP, Brazil; (V.C.R.); (J.d.M.)
| | - Ademar Alves da Silva Filho
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-32-21023893; Fax: +55-32-21023801
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12
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El-Morsy SMA, El-Tantawy SAM, El-Shabasy EA. Antischistosomal effects of Ficus carica leaves extract and/or PZQ on Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:87-102. [PMID: 35299912 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, praziquantel (PZQ) is the only drug of choice used for treatment of human schistosomes because of its safety and broad-spectrum activity. It is reported that the repeated chemotherapy is complicated by the occurrence of drug resistance to schistosomiasis. So there is an urgent need to develop new drug combinations therapy. The current study aimed to evaluate antischistosomal activity of F. carica leaves extract alone or in combination with PZQ on Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. Mice were experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni and orally administrated 6 weeks' post-infection with Fig leaves extract and/or PZQ. Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni)-infected mice were separated into four groups: untreated (I), treated with PZQ in dose of 200 mg/kg bw (II), treated with Fig leaves extract dose of 400 mg/kg bw (III). Group IV was treated with dose of Fig leaves extract-PZQ as in groups II and III, respectively. The effect was detected parasitologically using ova count technique and oogram pattern in intestine and liver. The greatest antischistosomal effect was achieved using orally administered Fig leaves extract-PZQ as indicated by total worm burden, tissue egg count and oogram pattern. Fig leaves extract + PZQ induced the therapeutic efficacy over the PZQ dose alone in intestine and liver as shown by a complete absence of immature worms, a very high reduction in the total numbers of tissue egg load (59.81% vs. 61.43% & 67.96% vs. 73.46%), mature eggs (37.86 ± 1.4 vs. 34.14 ± 1.9) and increasing in the total number of dead eggs (62.14 ± 1.4vs.67.29 ± 1.76). The results suggested the curcumin in combination with PZQ as a strong schistosomicidal regimen against S. mansoni. In addition, F. carica leaves extract is a promising for PZQ potentiating its antischistosomal action in animal model infected with S. mansoni. Therefore, the present work conclude that combined treatment has a synergetic effect and could be more promising in the management of schistosomiasis.
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13
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Mosquera-chaverra L, Salas-moreno M, Marrugo-negrete J, Singh K. Ethnomedicinal Studies, Chemical Composition, and Antibacterial Activity of the Mammea americana L. Bark in the Municipality of Cértegui, Chocó, Colombia. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2022; 2022:1-15. [PMID: 35098134 PMCID: PMC8791731 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9950625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammea americana L. is a plant with diverse medicinal uses in the municipality of Cértegui, Chocó, Colombia. This research characterized the ethnomedicinal, chemical, and antibacterial activities of the bark of Mammea americana. Through interviews and semistructured surveys with the community, its ethnomedicinal uses were determined. Compounds present in the bark extract were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and a qualitative analysis was performed by preliminary phytochemistry. Antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were carried out by agar diffusion and dilution methods, respectively, using ethanolic and aqueous extracts. Ethnomedical data showed that the bark is used to treat 14 conditions, the most representative being gallstones, prostate inflammation, and malaria. Preliminary phytochemical analyses showed the existence of several secondary metabolites such as tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes and/or steroids, quinones, and saponins. A total of 29 compounds were identified; the most abundant were ethyl 5-oxo-4-(p-toluidine)-2,5-dihydro-3-furancarboxylate, phenol, 4,4′,4″-ethylidynetris, nerolidol, 19-hydroxy-13-epimanoyl oxide, α-elemene, and δ-cadinene. The results showed remarkable antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract (20 mg/ml) against Staphylococcus aureus (22.6 mm) and Escherichia coli (19.6 mm) and of the crude water extract (20 mg/ml) against Staphylococcus aureus (18.5 mm) and Escherichia coli (12.4 mm). The strongest MIC was for the ethanolic extract with values of 0.357 and 0.897 mg/ml against S. aureus and E. coli strains, respectively, while in the aqueous extract, S. aureus (3.99 mg/ml) and E. coli (4.3 mg/ml) were recorded. It is assumed that the compounds identified in this study could be responsible for the antibacterial activity of the species, as well as the relationship of the identified compounds and metabolites with the ethnomedical uses given by the community, providing a scientific and traditional basis for its different traditional medical uses.
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14
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Crotti A, Pagotti MC, Magalhães LG, Oliveira TM. Antischistosomal Activity of Essential Oils: An Updated Review. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100909. [PMID: 35020262 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review article covers literature on the antischistosomal activity of essential oils (EOs)( between 2011 and 2021. Criteria for classifying results from in vitro schistosomicidal assays are proposed for the first time. Parameters to evaluate the in vitro antischistosomal potential of EOs other than their ability to cause the death of Schistosoma mansoni adult worms ( e.g ., couple separation, egg laying, and egg development inhibition) are also addressed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Crotti
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Química, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Not Available, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, BRAZIL
| | - Mariana C Pagotti
- Unifran: Universidade de Franca, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Av. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, 14040-600, Franca, BRAZIL
| | - Lizandra G Magalhães
- University of Franca: Universidade de Franca, Research Group on Parasitology, Av. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, 14404-600, Franca, BRAZIL
| | - Thais Miller Oliveira
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Filosofia Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto, Departamento de Química, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 Bairro Monte Alegre, Brasil, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, BRAZIL
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15
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de Carvalho LSA, Silva LM, de Souza VC, da Silva MPN, Capriles PVSZ, de Faria Pinto P, de Moraes J, Da Silva Filho AA. Cardamonin Presents in Vivo Activity against Schistosoma mansoni and Inhibits Potato Apyrase. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100604. [PMID: 34608744 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by Schistosoma species, harms over 250 million people in several countries. The treatment is achieved with only one drug, praziquantel. Cardamonin, a natural chalcone with in vitro schistosomicidal activity, has not been in vivo evaluated against Schistosoma. In this work, we evaluated the in vivo schistosomicidal activities of cardamonin against Schistosoma mansoni worms and conducted enzymatic apyrase inhibition assay, as well as molecular docking analysis of cardamonin against potato apyrase, S. mansoni NTPDase 1 and S. mansoni NTPDase 2. In a mouse model of schistosomiasis, the oral treatment with cardamonin (400 mg/kg) showed efficacy against S. mansoni, decreasing the total worm load in 46.8 % and reducing in 54.5 % the number of eggs in mice. Cardamonin achieved a significant inhibition of the apyrase activity and the three-dimensional structure of the potato apyrase, obtained by homology modeling, showed that cardamonin may interact mainly through hydrogen bonds. Molecular docking studies corroborate with the action of cardamonin in binding and inhibiting both potato apyrase and S. mansoni NTPDases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Soares Aleixo de Carvalho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Lívia Mara Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Carius de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Modelagem Computacional, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila V S Z Capriles
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Modelagem Computacional, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Faria Pinto
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, 07025-000, Brazil
| | - Ademar Alves Da Silva Filho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
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16
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Silva BC, Mengarda AC, Rodrigues VC, Cajas RA, Carnaúba PU, Espírito-Santo MCC, Bezerra-Filho CSM, de Sousa DP, de Moraes J. Efficacy of carvacryl acetate in vitro and following oral administration to mice harboring either prepatent or patent Schistosoma mansoni infections. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3837-3844. [PMID: 34604934 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem that afflicts more than 240 million individuals globally, particularly in poor communities. Treatment of schistosomiasis relies heavily on a single oral drug, praziquantel, and there is interest in the search for new antischistosomal drugs. This study reports the anthelmintic evaluation of carvacryl acetate, a derivative of the terpene carvacrol, against Schistosoma mansoni ex vivo and in a schistosomiasis animal model harboring either adult (patent infection) or juvenile (prepatent infection) parasites. For comparison, data obtained with gold standard antischistosomal drug praziquantel are also presented. Initially in vitro effective concentrations of 50% (EC50) and 90% (EC90) were determined against larval and adult stages of S. mansoni. In an animal with patent infection, a single oral dose of carvacryl acetate (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) caused a significant reduction in worm burden (30-40%). S. mansoni egg production, a process responsible for both life cycle and pathogenesis, was also markedly reduced (70-80%). Similar to praziquantel, carvacryl acetate 400 mg/kg had low efficacy in pre-patent infection. In tandem, although carvacryl acetate had interesting in vitro schistosomicidal activity, the compound exhibited low efficacy in terms of reduction of worm load in S. mansoni-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, R. Eng. Prestes Maia, 88, Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Ana C Mengarda
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, R. Eng. Prestes Maia, 88, Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Vinícius C Rodrigues
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, R. Eng. Prestes Maia, 88, Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Rayssa A Cajas
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, R. Eng. Prestes Maia, 88, Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Paulo U Carnaúba
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, R. Eng. Prestes Maia, 88, Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina C Espírito-Santo
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia da Esquistossomose (LIM-06), Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas E Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Helmintologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos S M Bezerra-Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Damião P de Sousa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, R. Eng. Prestes Maia, 88, Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil.
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17
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Carnaúba PU, Mengarda AC, Rodrigues VC, Morais TR, de Oliveira A, Lago JHG, de Moraes J. Evaluation of Gibbilimbol B, Isolated from Piper malacophyllum (Piperaceae), as an Antischistosomal Agent. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100503. [PMID: 34418297 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by parasitic worms impose a considerable worldwide health burden. One of the most impactful is schistosomiasis, a disease caused by blood-dwelling of the genus Schistosoma that affects more than 230 million people worldwide. Since praziquantel has also been extensively used to treat schistosomiasis and other parasitic flatworm infections, there is an urgent need to identify novel anthelmintic compounds, mainly from natural sources. In this study, the hexane extract from roots of Piper malacophyllum (Piperaceae) showed to be mainly composed for gibbilimbol B by HPLC/ESI-HRMS. Based on this result, this compound was isolated by chromatographic steps and its structure was confirmed by NMR. In vitro bioassays showed that gibbilimbol B was more active than praziquantel against larval stage of S. mansoni, with effective concentrations of 50 % (EC50 ) and 90 % (EC90 ) values of 2.6 and 3.4 μM, respectively. Importantly, gibbilimbol B showed no cytotoxicity to mammalian cells at a concentration 190 times greater than the antiparasitic effect, giving support for the anthelmintic potential of gibbilimbol B as lead compound for novel antischistosomal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo U Carnaúba
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 88, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Ana C Mengarda
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 88, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Vinícius C Rodrigues
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 88, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Thiago R Morais
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 88, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Alberto de Oliveira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Uberlândia, MG, 38408-100, Brazil
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 88, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil
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Porto R, Mengarda AC, Cajas RA, Salvadori MC, Teixeira FS, Arcanjo DDR, Siyadatpanah A, Pereira MDL, Wilairatana P, de Moraes J. Antiparasitic Properties of Cardiovascular Agents against Human Intravascular Parasite Schistosoma mansoni. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070686. [PMID: 34358112 PMCID: PMC8308662 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The intravascular parasitic worm Schistosoma mansoni is a causative agent of schistosomiasis, a disease of great global public health significance. Praziquantel is the only drug available to treat schistosomiasis and there is an urgent demand for new anthelmintic agents. Adopting a phenotypic drug screening strategy, here, we evaluated the antiparasitic properties of 46 commercially available cardiovascular drugs against S. mansoni. From these screenings, we found that amiodarone, telmisartan, propafenone, methyldopa, and doxazosin affected the viability of schistosomes in vitro, with effective concentrations of 50% (EC50) and 90% (EC90) values ranging from 8 to 50 µM. These results were further supported by scanning electron microscopy analysis. Subsequently, the most effective drug (amiodarone) was further tested in a murine model of schistosomiasis for both early and chronic S. mansoni infections using a single oral dose of 400 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg daily for five consecutive days. Amiodarone had a low efficacy in chronic infection, with the worm and egg burden reduction ranging from 10 to 30%. In contrast, amiodarone caused a significant reduction in worm and egg burden in early infection (>50%). Comparatively, treatment with amiodarone is more effective in early infection than praziquantel, demonstrating the potential role of this cardiovascular drug as an antischistosomal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Porto
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina 229, São Paulo 07023-070, SP, Brazil; (R.P.); (A.C.M.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Ana C. Mengarda
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina 229, São Paulo 07023-070, SP, Brazil; (R.P.); (A.C.M.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Rayssa A. Cajas
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina 229, São Paulo 07023-070, SP, Brazil; (R.P.); (A.C.M.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Maria C. Salvadori
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, SP, Brazil; (M.C.S.); (F.S.T.)
| | - Fernanda S. Teixeira
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, SP, Brazil; (M.C.S.); (F.S.T.)
| | - Daniel D. R. Arcanjo
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil;
| | - Abolghasem Siyadatpanah
- Ferdows School of Paramedical and Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (P.W.); (J.d.M.)
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina 229, São Paulo 07023-070, SP, Brazil; (R.P.); (A.C.M.); (R.A.C.)
- Correspondence: (P.W.); (J.d.M.)
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19
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Silva LM, Marconato DG, Nascimento da Silva MP, Barbosa Raposo NR, Faria Silva Facchini GD, Macedo GC, Teixeira FDS, Barbosa da Silveira Salvadori MC, Faria Pinto PD, Moraes JD, Pittella F, Da Silva Filho AA. Licochalcone A-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles improve antischistosomal activity in vitro and in vivo. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1641-1655. [PMID: 34256609 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To isolate licochalcone A (LicoA) from licorice, prepare LicoA-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (L-SLNs) and evaluate the L-SLNs in vitro and in vivo against Schistosoma mansoni. Materials & methods: LicoA was obtained by chromatographic fractionation and encapsulated in SLNs by a modified high shear homogenization method. Results: L-SLNs showed high encapsulation efficiency, with satisfactory particle size, polydispersity index and Zeta potential. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that L-SLNs were rounded and homogenously distributed. Toxicity studies revealed that SLNs decreased the hemolytic and cytotoxic properties of LicoA. Treatment with L-SLNs showed in vivo efficacy against S. mansoni. Conclusion: L-SLNs are efficient in reducing worm burden and SLNs may be a promising delivery system for LicoA to treat S. mansoni infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Mara Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora - MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Danielle Gomes Marconato
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora - MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | | | - Nádia Rezende Barbosa Raposo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora - MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Faria Silva Facchini
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology & Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora - MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Gilson Costa Macedo
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology & Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora - MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Priscila de Faria Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora - MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, 07025-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Frederico Pittella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora - MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Ademar Alves Da Silva Filho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora - MG, 36036-900, Brazil
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20
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Lima C, Andrade D, Moreira G, Sousa Â, Leal A, Figuerêdo J, Furtado P, Feitosa C, Araujo A, Andrade I, Miranda J, Lima A, Rocha C, Silva T, Mengarda AC, de Moraes J, Rocha J. Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antischistosomal Activity of Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott (Araceae) Leaf Extracts. Sci Pharm 2021; 89:31. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm89030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With a broad ethnopharmacological tradition in Brazil, Montrichardia linifera has been reported as a potent antirheumatic, antimicrobial, and antiprotozoan agent. However, there is a lack of studies on its effect on bacterial biofilm formation and Schistosoma mansoni worms. This study reports the effects of antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antischistosomal properties of leaf extracts of M. linifera. Phytochemical screening and identification of the main compounds of the extracts were performed. All the extracts evaluated showed antibacterial activity at the concentrations tested. We checked for the presence of flavonoids and derivatives of phenolic acids by the presence of spectra with bands characteristic of these classes in the sample analyzed. The antibacterial assays showed that the best MICs corresponded to 125 µg/mL against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 in all fractions. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts showed the ability to inhibit biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25123. For the antischistosomal activity, only the acetone and ethyl acetate extracts had a significant effect against helminths, with potent activity at a concentration of 50 µg/mL, killing 100% of the worms after 72 h of incubation. The M. linifera leaf extracts showed antibacterial activity, biofilm inhibition capacity, and anthelmintic activity against S. mansoni.
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21
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Mengarda AC, Silva MP, Cirino ME, Morais TR, Conserva GAA, Lago JHG, de Moraes J. Licarin A, a neolignan isolated from Nectandra oppositifolia Nees & Mart. (Lauraceae), exhibited moderate preclinical efficacy against Schistosoma mansoni infection. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5154-5162. [PMID: 34089558 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a widespread human parasitic disease currently affecting over 200 million people, particularly in poor communities. Chemotherapy for schistosomiasis relies exclusively on praziquantel (PZQ). Previous studies have shown that licarin A (LIC-A), a dihydrobenzofuran neolignan, exhibited in vitro antiparasitic activity against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. This study aimed to investigate the potential of LIC-A, isolated as main metabolite from leaves of Nectandra oppositifolia Nees & Mart. (Lauraceae), as an antischistosomal agent orally active in schistosomiasis animal model. PZQ was used as a reference compound. As result, LIC-A showed, at a single dose of 400 mg/kg, to be able to partially cure infected mice (worm burden reductions of ~50%). Parasite eggs, that are responsible for a variety of pathologies and transmission of schistosomiasis, were also moderately inhibited by LIC-A (egg burden reductions of ~50%-60%). Furthermore, it was observed that LIC-A achieved a slight reduction of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Collectively, although LIC-A was partially active when administered orally, these results give support for the antiparasitic potential LIC-A as lead compound for novel antischistosomal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Mengarda
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos P Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria E Cirino
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago R Morais
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geanne A A Conserva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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de Oliveira RN, Campos PM, Pinto RMC, Mioduski J, Santos RD, Justus B, de Paula JDFP, Klein T, Boscardin PMD, Corrêa SDAP, Allegretti SM, Ferrari PC. The promising antischistosomal activity of oleic acid-loaded polymeric nanocapsules for oral administration. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021; 63:102429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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23
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Silva TC, Mengarda AC, Silva BC, Relvas-Lima TS, Rodrigues VC, Salvadori MC, Teixeira FS, Lopes AF, Rando DG, Moraes J. New evidence for tamoxifen as an antischistosomal agent: in vitro, in vivo and target fishing studies. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:945-57. [PMID: 33896196 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Praziquantel is the only drug available to treat schistosomiasis, and there is an urgent demand for new anthelmintic agents. Methodology & results: We conducted in-depth in vitro and in vivo studies and report a target fishing investigation. In vitro, tamoxifen was active against adult and immature worms at low concentrations (<5 μM). Tamoxifen at a single dose (400 mg/kg) or once daily for five consecutive days (100 mg/kg/day) in mice harboring either adult (patent infection) or juvenile (prepatent infection) significantly reduced worm burden (30-70%) and egg production (70-90%). Target fishing studies revealed propionyl-CoA carboxylase as a potential target for tamoxifen in Schistosoma mansoni and glucose uptake by S. mansoni was also significantly reduced. Conclusion: Our results provide news evidence of antiparasitic effect of tamoxifen and reveal propionyl-CoA carboxylase as a potential target.
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Abou El-nour MF, Fadladdin Y, López-arellano ME. Antischistosomal Activity of Zingiber officinale, Piper nigrum, and Coriandrum sativum Aqueous Plant Extracts on Hamster Infected with Schistosoma mansoni. J Parasitol Res 2021; 2021:1-21. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6628787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis continues to affect the health and quality of life of millions of people around the world. Schistosomiasis has been ranked the second disease after malaria in terms of importance as a targeted tropical disease. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the only drug approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of schistosomiasis. Being the only drug, parasite resistance to this drug has developed. Therefore, the search for new alternatives has been the goal of many researchers. In this study, the effects of aqueous extracts of Zingiber officinale, Piper nigrum, and Coriandrum sativum on Schistosoma mansoni infected golden hamsters (Egyptian strain) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo at different doses of 500, 250, 125, 62.5, and 31.25 μg/ml. In vitro, adult worms of S. mansoni were tested in RPMI-1640 medium for 48 hrs. The results showed that the concentrations 500, 250, and 125 μg/ml of Zingiber officinale and Piper nigrum caused dead of 100% of adult worms within 6 and 12 hrs of incubation, respectively. Although, aqueous extract of Coriandrum sativum at concentrations 500, 250, and 125 μg/ml resulted dead of 100% parasites after 12 to 24 hrs of incubation. In conclusion, Zingiber officinale and Piper nigrum showed efficacy against schistosomiasis in both in vitro and biological experiments of Egyptian schistosome strain, while Coriandrum sativum gave less effective results than the previous ones. Therefore, Zingiber officinale and Piper nigrum may become an innovative treatment for schistosomiasis.
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25
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Silva MP, Silva TM, Mengarda AC, Salvadori MC, Teixeira FS, Alencar SM, Luz Filho GC, Bueno-Silva B, de Moraes J. Brazilian red propolis exhibits antiparasitic properties in vitro and reduces worm burden and egg production in an mouse model harboring either early or chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 264:113387. [PMID: 32918996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis has been used in folk medicine for thousands of years and, in the past few decades, it has attracted renewed interest. Although propolis has been traditionally used in many communities worldwide against parasitic diseases, its effect against Schistosoma mansoni infection remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To demonstrate the effects of Brazilian red propolis on Schistosoma mansoni ex vivo and in an animal model of schistosomiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro, we monitored phenotypic and tegumental changes as well as the effects of the crude extract of propolis on pairing and egg production. In a mouse infected with either immature (early infection) or adult (chronic infection) worms, propolis was administered by oral gavage and we studied the influence of this natural product on worm burden and egg production. RESULTS Propolis 25 μg/mL reduced motility and caused 100% mortality of adult parasites ex vivo. Further analysis revealed a pronounced reduction in oviposition after exposure to propolis at sub-lethal concentrations. In addition, scanning electron microscopy showed morphological alterations in the tegument of schistosomes. In the animal model, propolis markedly reduced worm burden and egg production in both early and chronic S. mansoni infection when compared to untreated control animals. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of Brazilian red propolis in both in vitro and in vivo studies suggests its potential anthelmintic properties against S. mansoni infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos P Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thiago M Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana C Mengarda
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria C Salvadori
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Severino M Alencar
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.
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Pereira VRD, da Silveira LS, Mengarda AC, Alves Júnior IJ, da Silva OOZ, Miguel FB, Silva MP, Almeida ADC, Torres DDS, Pinto PF, Coimbra ES, de Moraes J, Couri MRC, da Silva Filho AA. Antischistosomal properties of aurone derivatives against juvenile and adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni. Acta Trop 2021; 213:105741. [PMID: 33159900 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease caused by helminth flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, affecting over 240 million people in more than 70 countries. The treatment relies on a single drug, praziquantel, making urgent the discovery of new compounds. Aurones are a natural type of flavonoids that display interesting pharmacological activities, particularly as chemotherapeutic agents against parasites. In pursuit of treatment alternatives, the present work conducted an in vitro and in vivo antischistosomal investigation with aurone derivatives against Schistosoma mansoni. After preparation of aurone derivatives and their in vitro evaluation on adult schistosomes, the three most active aurones were evaluated in cytotoxicity and haemolytic assays, as well as in confocal laser-scanning microscope studies, showing tegumental damage in parasites in a concentration-dependent manner with no haemolytic or cytotoxic potential toward mammalian cells. In a mouse model of schistosomiasis, at a single oral dose of 400 mg/kg, the selected aurones showed worm burden reductions of 35% to 65.0% and egg reductions of 25% to 70.0%. The most active thiophenyl aurone derivative 18, unlike PZQ, had efficacy in mice harboring juvenile S. mansoni, also showing significant inhibition of oviposition by parasites, giving support for the antiparasitic potential of aurones as lead compounds for novel antischistosomal drugs.
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Hassan EM, El Gendy AEG, Abd-ElGawad AM, Elshamy AI, Farag MA, Alamery SF, Omer EA. Comparative Chemical Profiles of the Essential Oils from Different Varieties of Psidium guajava L. Molecules 2020; 26:E119. [PMID: 33383905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Guava (Psidium guajava) leaves are commonly used in the treatment of diseases. They are considered a waste product resulting from guava cultivation. The leaves are very rich in essential oils (EOs) and volatiles. This work represents the detailed comparative chemical profiles of EOs derived from the leaves of six guava varieties cultivated in Egypt, including Red Malaysian (RM), El-Qanater (EQ), White Indian (WI), Early (E), El-Sabahya El-Gedida (ESEG), and Red Indian (RI), cultivated on the same farm in Egypt. The EOs from the leaves of guava varieties were extracted by hydro-distillation and analyzed with GC-MS. The EOs were categorized in a holistic manner using chemometric tools. The hydro-distillation of the samples yielded 0.11-0.48% of the EO (v/w). The GC-MS analysis of the extracted EOs showed the presence of 38 identified compounds from the six varieties. The sesquiterpene compounds were recorded as main compounds of E, EQ, ESEG, RI, and WI varieties, while the RM variety attained the highest content of monoterpenes (56.87%). The sesquiterpenes, β-caryophyllene (11.21-43.20%), and globulol (76.17-26.42%) were detected as the major compounds of all studied guava varieties, while trans-nerolidol (0.53-10.14) was reported as a plentiful compound in all of the varieties except for the RM variety. A high concentration of D-limonene was detected in the EOs of the RM (33.96%), WI (27.04%), and ESEG (9.10%) varieties. These major compounds were consistent with those reported for other genotypes from different countries. Overall, the EOs' composition and the chemometric analysis revealed substantial variations among the studied varieties that might be ascribed to genetic variability, considering the stability of the cultivation and climate conditions. Therefore, this chemical polymorphism of the studied varieties supports that these varieties could be considered as genotypes of P. guajava. It is worth mentioning here that the EOs, derived from leaves considered to be agricultural waste, of the studied varieties showed that they are rich in biologically active compounds, particularly β-caryophyllene, trans-nerolidol, globulol, and D-limonene. These could be considered as added value for pharmacological and industrial applications. Further study is recommended to confirm the chemical variations of the studied varieties at a molecular level, as well as their possible medicinal and industrial uses.
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Yan X, Li W, Liang D, Caiyin Q, Zhao G, Zhang Z, Wenzhang M, Qiao J. De novo assembly of the Mylia taylorii transcriptome and identification of sesquiterpene synthases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 698:108742. [PMID: 33359564 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mylia taylorii is an ancient nonseed land plant that accumulates various sesquiterpenes with insecticidal and antibacterial activities. Recently, microbial-type sesquiterpene synthases (STSs) with atypical aspartate-rich metal ion binding motifs have been identified in some liverworts. Here, transcriptome analysis of M. taylorii was performed to identify M. taylorii sesquiterpene synthases (MtSTSs) that are potentially involved in sesquiterpene biosynthesis and diversity. A total of 255,669 unigenes were obtained with an average length of 963 bp in the transcriptome data of M. taylorii, among which 148,093 (57.92%) unigenes had BLAST results. Forty-eight unigenes were related to the sesquiterpene backbone biosynthesis according to KEGG annotation. In addition, MtSTS1, MtSTS2 and MtSTS3 identified from putative MtSTSs display sesquiterpene catalytic activities on the basis of functional characterizations in yeast. Interestingly, MtSTSs exhibit a noncanonical metal ion binding motif and the structural composition of a single α-domain, which are features of microbial STSs instead of archetypical plant STSs. This study revealed new microbial-type STS members of nonseed plants, and functionally identified that MtSTSs may contribute to the investigation of the biosynthesis and biological role of sesquiterpenes in M. taylorii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
| | - Weiguo Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
| | - Qinggele Caiyin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
| | - Guangrong Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Tianjin Research Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Tianjin, 300384, PR China; National Engineering Technology Research Center for Preservation of Agricultural Products, Tianjin, 300384, PR China; Key Laboratory of Storage of Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300384, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Agricultural Products, Tianjin, 300384, PR China.
| | - Ma Wenzhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 650201, PR China.
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
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Sessa DP, Mengarda AC, Simplicio PE, Antar GM, Lago JHG, de Moraes J. 15β-Senecioyl-oxy- ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic Acid, a Diterpene Isolated from Baccharis lateralis, as Promising Oral Compound for the Treatment of Schistosomiasis. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:3744-3750. [PMID: 33236902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Praziquantel is the only available drug to treat schistosomiasis, and therefore, urgent studies must be performed to identify new anthelmintic agents. This study reports the anthelmintic evaluation of two related ent-kaurane diterpenes isolated from aerial parts of Baccharis lateralis (Asteraceae), ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (1) and 15β-senecioyl-oxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (2) against Schistosoma mansoni in vitro and in a murine model of schistosomiasis. Both compounds exhibited in vitro activity with lethal concentration 50% (LC50) values of 26.1 μM (1) and 11.6 μM (2) as well as reduced toxicity against human cell lines, revealing a good selectivity profile, mainly with compound 2 (selectivity index > 10). Compound 2 also decreased egg production and caused morphological alterations in the parasite reproductive system. In mice infected with S. mansoni, oral treatment with compound 2 at 400 mg/kg, the standard dose used in this model of schistosomiasis, caused a significant reduction in a total worm burden of 61.9% (P < 0.01). S. mansoni egg production, a key mechanism for both transmission and pathogenesis, was also markedly reduced. In addition, compound 2 achieved a significant reduction in hepatosplenomegaly. Therefore, the diterpene 15β-senecioyl-oxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (2) has an acceptable cytotoxicity profile and is orally active in a murine schistosomiasis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah P Sessa
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-180, Brazil
| | - Ana C Mengarda
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, São Paulo 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Paula E Simplicio
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, São Paulo 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Antar
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-180, Brazil
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, São Paulo 07023-070, Brazil
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Queiroz LS, Ferreira EA, Mengarda AC, Almeida ADC, Pinto PF, Coimbra ES, de Moraes J, Denadai ÂML, Da Silva Filho AA. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of cnicin from blessed thistle (Centaurea benedicta) and its inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins against Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1321-33. [PMID: 33164156 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, caused by a blood fluke of the genus Schistosoma, afflicts over 230 million people worldwide. Treatment of the disease relies on just one drug, praziquantel. Cnicin (Cn) is the sesquiterpene lactone found in blessed thistle (Centaurea benedicta) that showed antiparasitic activities but has not been evaluated against Schistosoma. However, cnicin has poor water solubility, which may limit its antiparasitic activities. To overcome these restrictions, inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins may be used. In this work, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antischistosomal activities of cnicin and its complexes with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) against Schistosoma mansoni. Cnicin were isolated from C. benedicta by chromatographic fractionation. Complexes formed by cnicin and βCD (Cn/βCD), as well as by cnicin and HPβCD (Cn/HPβCD), were prepared by coprecipitation and characterized. In vitro schistosomicidal assays were used to evaluate the effects of cnicin and its complexes on adult schistosomes, while the in vivo antischistosomal assays were evaluated by oral and intraperitoneal routes. Results showed that cnicin caused mortality and tegumental alterations in adult schistosomes in vitro, also showing in vivo efficacy after intraperitoneal administration. The oral treatment with cnicin or Cn/βCD showed no significant worm reductions in a mouse model of schistosomiasis. In contrast, Cn/HPβCD complex, when orally or intraperitoneally administered to S. mansoni-infected mice, decreased the total worm load, and markedly reduced the number of eggs, showing high in vivo antischistosomal effectiveness. Permeability studies, using Nile red, indicated that HPβCD complex may reach the tegument of adult schistosomes in vivo. These results demonstrated the antischistosomal potential of cnicin in preparations with HPβCD.
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de Brito MG, Mengarda AC, Oliveira GL, Cirino ME, Silva TC, de Oliveira RN, Allegretti SM, de Moraes J. Therapeutic Effect of Diminazene Aceturate on Parasitic Blood Fluke Schistosoma mansoni Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:e01372-20. [PMID: 32816737 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01372-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Praziquantel is currently the only drug available to treat schistosomiasis, a disease of enormous public health significance caused by a blood fluke of the genus Schistosoma Diminazene, a drug approved by the FDA, has been successfully used to treat diseases caused by blood protozoan parasites. In this study, we evaluated the antiparasitic properties of diminazene against Schistosoma mansoni ex vivo and in mice harboring either chronic or early S. mansoni infections. In vitro, we monitored phenotypic and tegumental changes as well as the effects of the drug on pairing and egg production. In mice infected with either adult (chronic infection) or immature (early infection) worms, diminazene was administered intraperitoneally (10 to 100 mg/kg of body weight) or by oral gavage (100 to 400 mg/kg), and we studied the influence of the drug on worm burden and egg production. Liver and spleen pathologies and serum aminotransferase levels were also analyzed. In vitro, 50% effective concentrations (EC50) and EC90 revealed that diminazene is able to kill both immature and adult parasites, and its effect was time and concentration dependent. In addition, confocal laser scanning microscopy showed morphological alterations in the teguments of schistosomes. In an animal model, the influence of the drug on worm burden, egg production, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly depended on the dosing regimen applied and the route of administration. Diminazene also caused a significant reduction in aminotransferase levels. Comparatively, diminazene treatment was more effective in chronic infection than in early infection. In tandem, our study revealed that diminazene possesses anthelmintic properties and inhibits liver injury caused by Schistosoma eggs.
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Abstract
Cannabis sativa plant has not only cannabinoids as crucial compounds but also the other compounds that play important role as synergistic and/or entourage compound. Cannabis/hemp plant materials and essential oils were analyzed with the help of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry detector for the content of terpenes and terpenoids. The main terpenes/terpenoids and their abundance in the samples were evaluated. Results of this study will be helpful in the next evaluation of these compound in mixture with cannabinoids and their importance in medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumír Ondřej Hanuš
- Lumir Lab, Asana Bio Group Ltd., The Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University Biotechnology Park, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Amorim CR, Pavani TF, Lopes AF, Duque MD, Mengarda AC, Silva MP, de Moraes J, Rando DG. Schiff bases of 4-Phenyl-2-Aminothiazoles as hits to new antischistosomals: Synthesis, in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 150:105371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Xavier RP, Mengarda AC, Silva MP, Roquini DB, Salvadori MC, Teixeira FS, Pinto PL, Morais TR, Ferreira LLG, Andricopulo AD, de Moraes J. H1-antihistamines as antischistosomal drugs: in vitro and in vivo studies. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:278. [PMID: 32487175 PMCID: PMC7268501 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis is a socioeconomically devastating parasitic infection afflicting hundreds of millions of people and animals worldwide. It is the most important helminth infection, and its treatment relies solely on the drug praziquantel. Oral H1-antihistamines are available worldwide, and these agents are among the most widely used of all medications in children and adults. Given the importance of the drug repositioning strategy, we evaluated the antischistosomal properties of the H1-antihistamine drugs commonly used in clinical practices. Methods Twenty-one antihistamine drugs were initially screened against adult schistosomes ex vivo. Subsequently, we investigated the anthelmintic properties of these antihistamines in a murine model of schistosomiasis for both early and chronic S. mansoni infections at oral dosages of 400 mg/kg single dose or 100 mg/kg daily for five consecutive days. We also demonstrated and described the ability of three antihistamines to induce tegumental damage in schistosomes through the use of scanning electron microscopy. Results From phenotypic screening, we found that desloratadine, rupatadine, promethazine, and cinnarizine kill adult S. mansoni in vitro at low concentrations (5–15 µM). These results were further supported by scanning electron microscopy analysis. In an animal model, rupatadine and cinnarizine revealed moderate worm burden reductions in mice harboring either early or chronic S. mansoni infection. Egg production, a key mechanism for both transmission and pathogenesis, was also markedly inhibited by rupatadine and cinnarizine, and a significant reduction in hepatomegaly and splenomegaly was recorded. Although less effective, desloratadine also revealed significant activity against the adult and juvenile parasites. Conclusions Although the worm burden reductions achieved are all only moderate, comparatively, treatment with any of the three antihistamines is more effective in early infection than praziquantel. On the other hand, the clinical use of H1-antihistamines for the treatment of schistosomiasis is highly unlikely.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério P Xavier
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C Mengarda
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos P Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Roquini
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria C Salvadori
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro L Pinto
- Núcleo de Enteroparasitas, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago R Morais
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo L G Ferreira
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano D Andricopulo
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.
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Mengarda AC, Mendonça PS, Morais CS, Cogo RM, Mazloum SF, Salvadori MC, Teixeira FS, Morais TR, Antar GM, Lago JHG, Moraes J. Antiparasitic activity of piplartine (piperlongumine) in a mouse model of schistosomiasis. Acta Trop 2020; 205:105350. [PMID: 31962096 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the most important parasitic infections in terms of its negative effects on public health and economics. Since praziquantel is currently the only drug available to treat schistosomiasis, there is an urgent need to identify new anthelmintic agents. Piplartine, also known as piperlongumine, is a biologically active alkaloid/amide from peppers that can be detected in high amounts in the roots of Piper tuberculatum. Previously, it has been shown to have in vitro schistosomicidal effects. However, its anthelmintic activity in an animal host has not been reported. In the present work, in vivo antischistosomal properties of isolated piplartine were evaluated in a mouse model of schistosomiasis infected with either adult (patent infection) or juvenile (pre-patent infection) stages of Schistosoma mansoni. A single dose of piplartine (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg) or daily doses for five consecutive days (100 mg/kg/day) administered orally to mice infected with schistosomes resulted in a reduction in worm burden and egg production. Treatment with the highest piplartine dose (400 mg/kg) caused a significant reduction in a total worm burden of 60.4% (P < 0.001) in mice harbouring adult parasites. S. mansoni egg production, a process responsible for pathology in schistosomiasis, was also significantly inhibited by piplartine. Studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed substantial tegumental alterations in parasites recovered from mice. Since piplartine has well-characterized mechanisms of toxicity, is easily available, and is cost-effective, our results indicate that this bioactive molecule derived from medicinal plants could be a potential lead compound for novel antischistosomal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Mengarda
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229, Centro, 07023-070, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Poliana S Mendonça
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, 09210-180, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S Morais
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229, Centro, 07023-070, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ramon M Cogo
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229, Centro, 07023-070, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Susana F Mazloum
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229, Centro, 07023-070, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria C Salvadori
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago R Morais
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229, Centro, 07023-070, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Antar
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, 09210-180, Brazil
| | - Josué Moraes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229, Centro, 07023-070, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.
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Gonçalves ECD, Baldasso GM, Bicca MA, Paes RS, Capasso R, Dutra RC. Terpenoids, Cannabimimetic Ligands, beyond the Cannabis Plant. Molecules 2020; 25:E1567. [PMID: 32235333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal use of Cannabis sativa L. has an extensive history and it was essential in the discovery of phytocannabinoids, including the Cannabis major psychoactive compound—Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)—as well as the G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CBR), named cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2R), both part of the now known endocannabinoid system (ECS). Cannabinoids is a vast term that defines several compounds that have been characterized in three categories: (i) endogenous, (ii) synthetic, and (iii) phytocannabinoids, and are able to modulate the CBR and ECS. Particularly, phytocannabinoids are natural terpenoids or phenolic compounds derived from Cannabis sativa. However, these terpenoids and phenolic compounds can also be derived from other plants (non-cannabinoids) and still induce cannabinoid-like properties. Cannabimimetic ligands, beyond the Cannabis plant, can act as CBR agonists or antagonists, or ECS enzyme inhibitors, besides being able of playing a role in immune-mediated inflammatory and infectious diseases, neuroinflammatory, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in cancer, and autoimmunity by itself. In this review, we summarize and critically highlight past, present, and future progress on the understanding of the role of cannabinoid-like molecules, mainly terpenes, as prospective therapeutics for different pathological conditions.
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Islam MT, Martorell M, Salehi B, Setzer WN, Sharifi-Rad J. Anti-Schistosoma mansoni effects of essential oils and their components. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1761-1769. [PMID: 32067278 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni is endemic in 55 countries around the world. S. mansoni is a water-borne parasite of humans belonging to the group of blood flukes. Generally, schistosomiasis is treated with praziquantel, which results in frequent treatment failures and reinfections. Essential oils have diverse biological effects, including antimicrobial, antiprotozoal and antiparasitic. This review aimed at summarizing available in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials showing evidence and mechanisms of actions of essential oils and their derivatives acting against S. mansoni. The findings suggest that a number of essential oils and/or their components act against S. mansoni. Essential oils and/or their derivatives may be one of the potential sources of antischistosomal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.,Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Concepción, Chile
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA.,Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT, 84043, USA
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Roquini DB, Cogo RM, Mengarda AC, Mazloum SF, Morais CS, Xavier RP, Salvadori MC, Teixeira FS, Ferreira LE, Pinto PL, Morais TR, de Moraes J. Promethazine exhibits antiparasitic properties in vitro and reduces worm burden, egg production, hepato-, and splenomegaly in a schistosomiasis animal model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019:AAC. [PMID: 31527034 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01208-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment and control of schistosomiasis, a neglected disease that affects more than 200 million people worldwide, rely on the use of a single drug, praziquantel. A vaccine has yet to be developed and since new drug design and development is a lengthy and costly process, drug repurposing is a promising strategy. In this study, the efficacy of promethazine, a first-generation antihistamine, was evaluated against Schistosoma mansoni ex vivo and in a murine model of schistosomiasis. In vitro assays demonstrated that promethazine affected parasite motility, viability, and it induced severe tegumental damage in schistosomes. The LC50 of the drug was 5.84 μM. Similar to promethazine, schistosomes incubated with atropine, a classical anticholinergic drug, displayed reduced motor activity. In an animal model, promethazine treatment was introduced at an oral dose of 100 mg/kg for five successive days at different intervals from the time of infection, for the evaluation of the stage-specific susceptibility (pre-patent and patent infections). Various parasitological criteria indicated the in vivo antischistosomal effects of promethazine: there were significant reductions in worm burden, egg production, and hepato- and splenomegaly. The highest worm burden reduction was achieved with promethazine in patent infections (> 90%). Taken together, considering the importance of the repositioning of drugs in infectious diseases, especially those related to poverty, our data revealed the possibility of promethazine repositioning as an antischistosomal agent.
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Rando DG, da Costa MO, Pavani TF, Oliveira T, dos Santos PF, Amorim CR, Pinto PL, de Brito MG, Silva MP, Roquini DB, de Moraes J. Vanillin-Related N-Acylhydrazones: Synthesis, Antischistosomal Properties and Target Fishing Studies. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1241-1251. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190620163237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease, which affects millions of people in developing
countries. Its treatment relies on a single therapeutic alternative, the praziquantel. This situation
may lead to drug resistance which, in turn, made urgent the need for new antischistosomal agents. Nacylhydrazones
are usually explored as good antimicrobial agents, but the vanillin-related N-acylhydrazones
have never been tested by their antiparasitic potential.
Objective:
Herein, we report the synthesis of seven analogues, three of them unpublished, their biological
investigation against Schistosoma mansoni and Target Fishing studies.
Methods:
The compounds were synthesized following classical synthetical approaches. The anthelmintic
potential was assessed as well as their cytotoxicity profile. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and target
fishing study were performed to better understand the observed antischistosomal activity.
Results:
Compound GPQF-407 exhibited good antischistosomal activity (47.91 µM) with suitable selectivity
index (4.14). Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that it triggered severe tegumental destruction
and tubercle disintegration. Target fishing studies pointed out some probable targets, such as the
serine-threonine kinases, dihydroorotate dehydrogenases and carbonic anhydrase II.
Conclusion:
The GPQF-407 was revealed to be a promising antischistosomal agent which, besides presenting
the N-acylhydrazone privileged scaffold, also could be easily synthesized on large scales from
commercially available materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela G.G. Rando
- Grupo de Pesquisas Quimico-Farmaceuticas, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientais, Quimicas e Farmaceuticas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela O.L. da Costa
- Grupo de Pesquisas Quimico-Farmaceuticas, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientais, Quimicas e Farmaceuticas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais F.A. Pavani
- Grupo de Pesquisas Quimico-Farmaceuticas, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientais, Quimicas e Farmaceuticas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Oliveira
- Grupo de Pesquisas Quimico-Farmaceuticas, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientais, Quimicas e Farmaceuticas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Paloma F. dos Santos
- Grupo de Pesquisas Quimico-Farmaceuticas, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientais, Quimicas e Farmaceuticas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Carina R. Amorim
- Grupo de Pesquisas Quimico-Farmaceuticas, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientais, Quimicas e Farmaceuticas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro L.S. Pinto
- Nucleo de Enteroparasitas, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana G. de Brito
- Nucleo de Pesquisa em Doencas Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Praca Tereza Cristina, 229, Centro, 07023-070, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos P.N. Silva
- Nucleo de Pesquisa em Doencas Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Praca Tereza Cristina, 229, Centro, 07023-070, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel B. Roquini
- Nucleo de Pesquisa em Doencas Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Praca Tereza Cristina, 229, Centro, 07023-070, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Nucleo de Pesquisa em Doencas Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Praca Tereza Cristina, 229, Centro, 07023-070, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
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Caffrey CR, El‐Sakkary N, Mäder P, Krieg R, Becker K, Schlitzer M, Drewry DH, Vennerstrom JL, Grevelding CG. Drug Discovery and Development for Schistosomiasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527808656.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Gharred N, Dbeibia A, Falconieri D, Hammami S, Piras A, Dridi-Dhaouadi S. Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils from flowers, leaves and aerial parts of Tunisian Dittrichia Viscosa. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2019.1612789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nawres Gharred
- Research Unit Applied Chemistry and Environment 13ES63, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amal Dbeibia
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environemental Polluants and Products, Faculty of Pharamacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Danilo Falconieri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Saoussen Hammami
- Research Unit Applied Chemistry and Environment 13ES63, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Sonia Dridi-Dhaouadi
- Research Unit Applied Chemistry and Environment 13ES63, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Lago EM, Silva MP, Queiroz TG, Mazloum SF, Rodrigues VC, Carnaúba PU, Pinto PL, Rocha JA, Ferreira LLG, Andricopulo AD, de Moraes J. Phenotypic screening of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs identified mefenamic acid as a drug for the treatment of schistosomiasis. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:370-379. [PMID: 31027918 PMCID: PMC6557910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment and control of schistosomiasis, one of the most insidious and serious parasitic diseases, depend almost entirely on a single drug, praziquantel. Since the funding for drug development for poverty-associated diseases is very limited, drug repurposing is a promising strategy. In this study, 73 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) commonly used in medical and veterinary fields were evaluated for their anti-schistosomal properties. Methods The efficacy of NSAIDs was first tested against adult Schistosoma mansoni ex vivo using phenotypic screening strategy, effective drugs were further tested in a murine model of schistosomiasis. The disease parameters measured were worm and egg burden, hepato- and splenomegaly. Findings From 73 NSAIDs, five (mefenamic acid, tolfenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, celecoxib, and diclofenac) were identified to effectively kill schistosomes. These results were further supported by scanning electron microscopy analysis. In addition, the octanol-water partition coefficient, both for neutral and ionized species, revealed to be a critical property for the ex vivo activity profile. Compounds were then tested in vivo using both patent and a prepatent S. mansoni infection in a mouse model. The most effective NSAID was mefenamic acid, which highly reduced worm burden, egg production, and hepato- and splenomegaly. Interpretation The treatment regimen used in this study is within the range for which mefenamic acid has been used in clinical practice, thus, it is demonstrated the capacity of mefenamic acid to act as a potent anti-schistosomal agent suitable for clinical repurposing in the treatment of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi M Lago
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, University of Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229, Centro, 07023-070, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos P Silva
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, University of Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229, Centro, 07023-070, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita G Queiroz
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, University of Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229, Centro, 07023-070, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Susana F Mazloum
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, University of Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229, Centro, 07023-070, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinícius C Rodrigues
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, University of Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229, Centro, 07023-070, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo U Carnaúba
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, University of Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229, Centro, 07023-070, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro L Pinto
- Center for Research in Parasitology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jefferson A Rocha
- Research Group of Natural Science and Biotechnology, Federal University of Maranhão, Grajaú, MA, Brazil
| | - Leonardo L G Ferreira
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Physics Institute of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano D Andricopulo
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Physics Institute of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, University of Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229, Centro, 07023-070, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.
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Guerra RA, Silva MP, Silva TC, Salvadori MC, Teixeira FS, de Oliveira RN, Rocha JA, Pinto PLS, de Moraes J. In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Spironolactone as an Antischistosomal Drug Capable of Clinical Repurposing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e01722-18. [PMID: 30559137 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01722-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic flatworm disease that infects over 200 million people worldwide, especially in poor communities. Treatment and control of the disease rely on just one drug, praziquantel. Since funding for drug development for poverty-associated diseases is very limited, drug repurposing is a promising strategy. In this study, from a screening of 13 marketed diuretics, we identified that spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, had potent antischistosomal effects on Schistosoma mansoni in vitro and in vivo in a murine model of schistosomiasis. In vitro, spironolactone at low concentrations (<10 µM) is able to alter worm motor activity and the morphology of adult schistosomes, leading to parasitic death. In vivo, oral treatment with spironolactone at a single dose (400 mg/kg) or daily for five consecutive days (100 mg/kg/day) in mice harboring either patent or prepatent infections significantly reduced worm burden, egg production, and hepato- and splenomegaly (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). Taken together, with the safety profile of spironolactone, supported by its potential to affect schistosomes, these results indicate that spironolactone could be a potential treatment for schistosomiasis and make it promising for repurposing.
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Pereira VRD, Junior IJA, da Silveira LS, Geraldo RB, de F Pinto P, Teixeira FS, Salvadori MC, Silva MP, Alves LA, Capriles PVSZ, das C Almeida A, Coimbra ES, Pinto PLS, Couri MRC, de Moraes J, Da Silva Filho AA. In Vitro and in Vivo Antischistosomal Activities of Chalcones. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1800398. [PMID: 30276965 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo schistosomicidal activities of chalcones against Schistosoma mansoni worms. In vitro assays revealed that chalcones 1 and 3 were the most active compounds, without affecting significantly mammalian cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy studies revealed reduction on the numbers of tubercles and morphological alterations in the tegument of S. mansoni worms after in vitro incubation with chalcones 1 and 3. In a mouse model of schistosomiasis, the oral treatment (400 mg/kg) with chalcone 1 or 3 significantly caused a total worm burden reduction in mice. Chalcone 1 showed significant inhibition of the S. mansoni ATP diphosphohydrolase activity, which was corroborated by molecular docking studies. The results suggested that chalcones could be explored as lead compounds with antischistosomal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius R D Pereira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ismael J Alves Junior
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Lígia S da Silveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo B Geraldo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Priscila de F Pinto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Maria C Salvadori
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos P Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara A Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Modelagem Computacional, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Priscila V S Z Capriles
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Modelagem Computacional, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ayla das C Almeida
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Elaine S Coimbra
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro L S Pinto
- Núcleo de Enteroparasitas, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mara R C Couri
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ademar A Da Silva Filho
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Campelo Y, Ombredane A, Vasconcelos AG, Albuquerque L, Moreira DC, Plácido A, Rocha J, Hilarion Fokoue H, Yamaguchi L, Mafud A, Mascarenhas YP, Delerue-Matos C, Borges T, Joanitti GA, Arcanjo D, Kato MJ, Kuckelhaus SAS, Silva MPN, Moraes JD, Leite JRSA. Structure⁻Activity Relationship of Piplartine and Synthetic Analogues against Schistosoma mansoni and Cytotoxicity to Mammalian Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1802. [PMID: 29921756 PMCID: PMC6032158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, caused by helminth flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, is an infectious disease mainly associated with poverty that affects millions of people worldwide. Since treatment for this disease relies only on the use of praziquantel, there is an urgent need to identify new antischistosomal drugs. Piplartine is an amide alkaloid found in several Piper species (Piperaceae) that exhibits antischistosomal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the structure–function relationship between piplartine and its five synthetic analogues (19A, 1G, 1M, 14B and 6B) against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms, as well as its cytotoxicity to mammalian cells using murine fibroblast (NIH-3T3) and BALB/cN macrophage (J774A.1) cell lines. In addition, density functional theory calculations and in silico analysis were used to predict physicochemical and toxicity parameters. Bioassays revealed that piplartine is active against S. mansoni at low concentrations (5⁻10 µM), but its analogues did not. In contrast, based on 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry assays, piplartine exhibited toxicity in mammalian cells at 785 µM, while its analogues 19A and 6B did not reduce cell viability at the same concentrations. This study demonstrated that piplartine analogues showed less activity against S. mansoni but presented lower toxicity than piplartine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Campelo
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Biotec, Universidade Federal do Piauí, UFPI, Parnaíba-PI, 64202-020 Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, RENORBIO, Ponto focal Universidade Federal do Piauí, UFPI, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, Brazil.
- Instituto de Educação Superior do Vale do Parnaíba, FAHESP/IESVAP, Parnaíba-PI, 64212-790, Brazil.
| | - Alicia Ombredane
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília-DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Andreanne G Vasconcelos
- Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília-DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Albuquerque
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília-DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniel C Moreira
- Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília-DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Alexandra Plácido
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenha do Porto, ISEP, Porto 4200-072, Portugal.
| | - Jefferson Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, RENORBIO, Ponto focal Universidade Federal do Piauí, UFPI, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, Brazil.
| | - Harold Hilarion Fokoue
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro-RJ 21941-902, Brasil.
| | - Lydia Yamaguchi
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP 01005-010, Brazil.
| | - Ana Mafud
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo-SP 01005-010, Brazil.
| | - Yvonne P Mascarenhas
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo-SP 01005-010, Brazil.
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenha do Porto, ISEP, Porto 4200-072, Portugal.
| | - Tatiana Borges
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília-DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Graziella A Joanitti
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília-DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Arcanjo
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, NPPM, Universidade Federal do Piauí, UFPI, Parnaíba-PI 64202-020, Brazil.
| | - Massuo J Kato
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP 01005-010, Brazil.
| | - Selma A S Kuckelhaus
- Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília-DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Marcos P N Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade de Guarulhos, Guarulhos-SP 07023-070, Brazil.
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade de Guarulhos, Guarulhos-SP 07023-070, Brazil.
| | - José Roberto S A Leite
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Biotec, Universidade Federal do Piauí, UFPI, Parnaíba-PI, 64202-020 Brazil.
- Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília-DF 70910-900, Brazil.
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Guimarães MA, de Oliveira RN, de Almeida RL, Mafud AC, Sarkis ALV, Ganassin R, da Silva MP, Roquini DB, Veras LM, Sawada TCH, Ropke CD, Muehlmann LA, Joanitti GA, Kuckelhaus SAS, Allegretti SM, Mascarenhas YP, de Moraes J, Leite JRSA. Epiisopilosine alkaloid has activity against Schistosoma mansoni in mice without acute toxicity. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196667. [PMID: 29750792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by parasites of the genus Schistosoma, currently affecting more than 200 million people. Among the various species of this parasite that infect humans, S. mansoni is the most common. Pharmacological treatment is limited to the use of a single drug, praziquantel (PZQ), despite reports of parasite resistance and low efficacy. It is therefore necessary to investigate new potential schistosomicidal compounds. In this study, we tested the efficacy of epiisopilosine (EPIIS) in a murine model of schistosomiasis. A single dose of EPIIS (100 or 400 mg/kg) administered orally to mice infected with adult S. mansoni resulted in reduced worm burden and egg production. The treatment with the lower dose of EPIIS (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced total worm burden by 60.61% (P < 0.001), as well as decreasing hepatosplenomegaly and egg excretion. Scanning electron microscopy revealed morphological changes in the worm tegument after treatment. Despite good activity of EPIIS in adult S. mansoni, oral treatment with single dose of EPIIS 100 mg/kg had only moderate effects in mice infected with juvenile S. mansoni. In addition, we performed cytotoxicity and toxicological studies with EPIIS and found no in vitro cytotoxicity (in HaCaT, and NIH-3T3 cells) at a concentration of 512 μg/mL. We also performed in silico analysis of toxicological properties and showed that EPIIS had low predicted toxicity. To confirm this, we investigated systemic acute toxicity in vivo by orally administering a 2000 mg/kg dose to Swiss mice. Treated mice showed no significant changes in hematological, biochemical, or histological parameters compared to non-treated animals. Epiisopilosine showed potential as a schistosomicidal drug: it did not cause acute toxicity and it displayed an acceptable safety profile in the animal model.
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de Lima LI, Py-Daniel KR, Guimarães MA, Muehlmann LA, Mafud AC, Mascarenhas YP, Moraes JD, de Souza de Almeida Leite JR, Jiang CS, Azevedo RB, Figueiró Longo JP. Self-nanoemulsifying drug-delivery systems improve oral absorption and antischistosomal activity of epiisopiloturine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:689-702. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop a self-nanoemulsifying drug-delivery system (SNEDDS) able to improve oral absorption of epiisopiloturine (EPI), and test the antischistosomal activity in a mice model. Results: SNEDDS had a nanoscopic size and was able to enhance EPI bioavailability after oral administration, and SNEDDS-EPI (40 mg.kg-1) improved the in vivo antischistosomal activity of EPI, demonstrating that SNEDDS was able to improve the pharmacokinetics of EPI, and to maintain the pharmacodynamic activity against Schistosoma mansoni in vivo. Conclusion: Taken together, these results indicate that SNEDDS-EPI is efficient in reducing worm burden in comparison to treatment with the free version of EPI. [Formula: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Ianny de Lima
- Genetics & Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Karen Rapp Py-Daniel
- Genetics & Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Maria Adelaide Guimarães
- Phytobios Pesquisa Desenvolvimento e Inovação LTDA, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, BIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
- Programa de pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, RENORBIO, Ponto Focal Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
| | - Luís Alexandre Muehlmann
- Genetics & Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Mafud
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Departamento de Física e Ciência Interdisciplinar, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos – SP, 13566-590, Brazil
- Department Medical Parasitology & Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute, Basel, 4051, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Primerano Mascarenhas
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Departamento de Física e Ciência Interdisciplinar, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos – SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 88, 07023-070, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Cheng-Shi Jiang
- School of Biological Science & Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Ricardo Bentes Azevedo
- Genetics & Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Figueiró Longo
- Genetics & Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
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