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Brandauer J, Receno CN, Anyaoku C, Cooke LE, Schwarzer HM, DeRuisseau KC, Cunningham CM, DeRuisseau LR. Senescent hearts from male Ts65Dn mice exhibit preserved function but altered size and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide pathway signaling. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R176-R183. [PMID: 38047317 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00164.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is associated with congenital heart defects at birth, but cardiac function has not been assessed at older ages. We used the Ts65Dn mouse, a model of DS, to quantify heart structure and function with echocardiography in 18-mo male Ts65Dn and wild-type (WT) mice. Heart weight, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) signaling, and mitochondrial (citrate synthase) activity were investigated, as these pathways may be implicated in the cardiac pathology of DS. The left ventricle was smaller in Ts65Dn versus WT, as well as the anterior wall thickness of the left ventricle during both diastole (LVAW_d; mm) and systole (LVAW_s; mm) as assessed by echocardiography. Other functional metrics were similar between groups including left ventricular area end systole (mm2), left ventricular area end diastole (mm2), left ventricular diameter end systole (mm), left ventricular diameter end diastole (mm), isovolumetric relaxation time (ms), mitral valve atrial peak velocity (mm/s), mitral valve early peak velocity (mm/s), ratio of atrial and early peak velocities (E/A), heart rate (beats/min), ejection fraction (%), and fractional shortening (%). Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) protein expression, NAD concentration, and tissue weight were lower in the left ventricle of Ts65Dn versus WT mice. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) protein expression and citrate synthase activity were not different between groups. Although cardiac function was generally preserved in male Ts65Dn, the altered heart size and bioenergetic disturbances may contribute to differences in aging for DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Brandauer
- Health Sciences Department, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Candace N Receno
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Cynthia Anyaoku
- Health Sciences Department, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Lauren E Cooke
- Health Sciences Department, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Hannalyn M Schwarzer
- Health Sciences Department, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Keith C DeRuisseau
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Caitlin M Cunningham
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, and Statistics, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, New York, United States
| | - Lara R DeRuisseau
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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Lin YY, Su CT, Liao YH, Liu YC. Effects of rope skipping exercise on physical, cardiovascular fitness and exercise tolerance in adolescent students with moderate intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 2023; 67:1136-1149. [PMID: 37578101 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) who live a sedentary lifestyle may lead to an increased risk of chronic cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 8-week progressive rope skipping training on physical, cardiovascular fitness and exercise tolerance of high school students with moderate ID. METHODS Thirty-four senior high school with ID (aged 15-18 years old) were randomised into experimental group received progressive skipping rope exercise (RS, n = 17) and control group no rope skipping exercise intervention group (CON, n = 17). The RS group were received progressive rope skipping exercise for 50 min each time, three times a week, for 8 weeks. The control group was not allowed to participate in intervention activities during the study period. The physical fitness, body composition, arterial stiffness index (ASI) and blood pressure were measured before and after the 8-week intervention. RESULTS After the 8-week progressive skipping rope exercise intervention, the participants from the RS group increased in the 3-min step test, sit-up test, grip strength and sit and reach test, when compared to the baseline (P < 0.05). The RS group exhibited lower the area under curve of heart rate (HR) during post-exercise recovery (P < 0.05). The participants in the RS group showed significant decreases in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR when compared to the baseline (P < 0.05). Change SBP has moderate positive correlation with change ASI. CONCLUSIONS The results of this experiment suggest that progressive rope skipping exercise might improve physical fitness and promote cardiovascular health, as well as enhance exercise tolerance for adolescent students with moderate ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-Y Lin
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-T Su
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Liao
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Liu
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sy MR, Keefe JA, Sutton JP, Wehrens XHT. Cardiac function, structural, and electrical remodeling by microgravity exposure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H1-H13. [PMID: 36399385 PMCID: PMC9762974 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00611.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Space medicine is key to the human exploration of outer space and pushes the boundaries of science, technology, and medicine. Because of harsh environmental conditions related to microgravity and other factors and hazards in outer space, astronauts and spaceflight participants face unique health and medical challenges, including those related to the heart. In this review, we summarize the literature regarding the effects of spaceflight on cardiac structure and function. We also provide an in-depth review of the literature regarding the effects of microgravity on cardiac calcium handling. Our review can inform future mechanistic and therapeutic studies and is applicable to other physiological states similar to microgravity such as prolonged horizontal bed rest and immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Sy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Joshua A Keefe
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey P Sutton
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Bacova BS, Andelova K, Sykora M, Egan Benova T, Barancik M, Kurahara LH, Tribulova N. Does Myocardial Atrophy Represent Anti-Arrhythmic Phenotype? Biomedicines 2022; 10:2819. [PMID: 36359339 PMCID: PMC9687767 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on cardiac atrophy resulting from mechanical or metabolic unloading due to various conditions, describing some mechanisms and discussing possible strategies or interventions to prevent, attenuate or reverse myocardial atrophy. An improved awareness of these conditions and an increased focus on the identification of mechanisms and therapeutic targets may facilitate the development of the effective treatment or reversion for cardiac atrophy. It appears that a decrement in the left ventricular mass itself may be the central component in cardiac deconditioning, which avoids the occurrence of life-threatening arrhythmias. The depressed myocardial contractility of atrophied myocardium along with the upregulation of electrical coupling protein, connexin43, the maintenance of its topology, and enhanced PKCƐ signalling may be involved in the anti-arrhythmic phenotype. Meanwhile, persistent myocardial atrophy accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as extracellular matrix fibrosis, may lead to severe cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. Data in the literature suggest that the prevention of heart failure via the attenuation or reversion of myocardial atrophy is possible, although this requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarina Andelova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matus Sykora
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tamara Egan Benova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Barancik
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lin Hai Kurahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho 761-0793, Japan
| | - Narcis Tribulova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Azar FM, Beck VDY, Matthews AM, Forsha DE, Hilgenkamp TIM. Cardiac Structure and Function in Adults with Down Syndrome. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:12310. [PMID: 36231610 PMCID: PMC9566526 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Various factors may alter the risk for cardiovascular disease in adults with Down syndrome (Ds), yet few studies have examined differences in cardiac physiology in this population. Previous research suggested lower systolic and diastolic function, but inconsistent methodologies and younger samples warrant research in adults with Ds. Our aim is to compare the cardiac structure and function of adults with Ds to age- and sex-matched adults without Ds. Echocardiography was used to assess systolic function, diastolic function, and cardiac structure in n = 19 adults (Ds n = 9, control n = 10). Regarding cardiac structure, adults with Ds had increased left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-systole compared to adults without Ds (p = 0.007). Regarding systolic and diastolic function, adults with Ds were found to have lower septal peak systolic annular velocity (S') (p = 0.026), lower lateral and septal mitral annular early diastolic velocity (E') (p = 0.007 and p = 0.025, respectively), lower lateral peak mitral annular late diastolic velocity (A') (p = 0.027), and higher lateral and septal mitral annular early systolic velocity to diastolic velocity ratios (E/e') (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Differences in both cardiac structure and function were found when comparing adults with Ds to matched adults without Ds. Most of the differences were indicative of worse diastolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi M. Azar
- Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Victor D. Y. Beck
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Alice M. Matthews
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Daniel E. Forsha
- Division of Cardiology, Ward Family Heart Center, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Thessa I. M. Hilgenkamp
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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Oviedo GR, Carbó-Carreté M, Guerra-Balic M, Tamulevicius N, Esquius L, Guàrdia-Olmos J, Javierre C. Hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory responses to submaximal and maximal exercise in adults with Down syndrome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:905795. [PMID: 36060693 PMCID: PMC9437284 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.905795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The genetic disorder causing Down syndrome (DS) affects the cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic parameters. When exercising, sufficient blood flow is necessary for active muscles. Cardiac output (Q) must be proportional to the peripheral requirements. In case the stroke volume (SV) is lower, the heart rate (HR) will increase further in order to maintain an adequate blood flow in the active territories (HR compensatory response). People with DS have a lower HR response to maximal exercise. Nevertheless, the response of the hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory parameters during the submaximal phases of maximal exercise was not well studied.Objective: to evaluate cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic parameters 1) during submaximal and 2) maximal metabolic treadmill test in individuals with and without DS.Methods: fifteen adults with DS (age = 27.33 ± 4.98 years old; n = 12 males/3 females) and 15 adults without disabilities, matched by age and sex, participated in this cross-sectional study. Peak and submaximal cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic parameters were measured during a treadmill test. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyse interactions between the variables. Post-hoc analyses were employed to assess within and between-group differences.Results: The DS group showed lower peak values for ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), tidal volume (VT), ventilatory equivalent for O2 (VEqO2), end-tidal partial pressure for O2 (PETO2), O2 uptake (VO2) and CO2 production (all p < 0 .050), Q, SV, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), and HR (all p < 0 .050). There were group-by-time interactions (all p < 0 .050) for all ventilatory submaximal values. Significant group and time differences were observed for VE; RER; respiratory rate (RR); VEqO2; PETO2; VO2, and VT (all p < 0 .050). There were also group-by-time interactions (all p < 0 .050) and group and time differences for SBP, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and HR (all p < 0.010).Conclusion: During submaximal exercise, we verified a compensatory response of HR, and greater VE and VO2 in the individuals with DS. In addition, we were able to observe that the DS group had a reduced SBP and MAP response to submaximal exercise. On the other hand, we found that adults with DS have lower peak hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory values, and a lower cardiac reserve. Further research is warranted to investigate the effects of these results on the general health of adults with DS and the impact of long-term exercise programs on these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo R. Oviedo
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Health Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Guillermo R. Oviedo,
| | - María Carbó-Carreté
- Serra Hunter Fellow, Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Myriam Guerra-Balic
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nauris Tamulevicius
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, College of Natural and Health Sciences, The University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Laura Esquius
- Foodlab Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Casimiro Javierre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Lynch L, McCarron M, Eustace-Cook J, Burke É, McCallion P. Physical health effects of sedentary behaviour on adults with an intellectual disability: A scoping review. J Intellect Disabil 2022:17446295221107281. [PMID: 35695076 DOI: 10.1177/17446295221107281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This literature review was designed to establish the effects of sedentary behaviour on the physical health of adults with an intellectual disability. Sedentary behaviour is defined as any waking behaviour characterized by an energy expenditure of ≤1.5 METs while in a sitting, lying or reclining posture. An extensive search was executed in six databases: EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ASSIA and Web of Science. Following screening, 18 articles remained for inclusion in the review. A thematic analysis using the Braun and Clarke six step process resulted in the identification of seven broad health areas. Studies showed a prevalence of obesity, multimorbidity and metabolic syndrome as well as elevated levels of sedentary behaviour in adults with an intellectual disability. This literature review demonstrated that sedentary behaviour could be a contributor to the poor health which is common in adults with an intellectual disability. However to date the body of evidence does not confirm a cause-and-effect relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Lynch
- IDS-TILDA, School of Nursing and Midwifery, 8809Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary McCarron
- IDS-TILDA, School of Nursing and Midwifery, 8809Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jessica Eustace-Cook
- IDS-TILDA, School of Nursing and Midwifery, 8809Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Éilish Burke
- IDS-TILDA, School of Nursing and Midwifery, 8809Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Phillip McCallion
- School of Social Work, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Rasmussen IE, Foged F, Bjørn Budde J, Rasmussen RS, Rasmussen V, Lyngbæk M, Jønck S, Krogh-Madsen R, Lindegaard B, Ried-Larsen M, Jørgensen PG, Lund MAV, Køber L, Vejlstrup N, Pedersen BK, Berg RMG, Christensen RH. Protective potential of high-intensity interval training on cardiac structure and function after COVID-19: protocol and statistical analysis plan for an investigator-blinded randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048281. [PMID: 34794987 PMCID: PMC8602927 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 is associated with a marked systemic inflammatory response with concomitant cardiac injury and remodelling, but it is currently unknown whether the latter is reversible. Given that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a powerful stimulus to improve cardiorespiratory fitness while also eliciting marked anti-inflammatory effects, it may be an important countermeasure of reducing cardiopulmonary morbidity following COVID-19. METHODS AND ANALYSIS 40 COVID-19 survivors who have been discharged from hospital will be included in this investigator-blinded randomised study with a 12-week HIIT intervention. Patients will be 1:1 block-randomised by sex to either a supervised HIIT exercise group or standard care (control group). The main hypothesis is that a 12-week HIIT scheme is a safe way to improve loss of cardiac mass and associated cardiorespiratory fitness, despite hypothesised limited HIIT-induced changes in conventional lung function indices per se. Ultimately, we hypothesise that the HIIT scheme will reduce post-COVID-19 symptoms and improve quality of life. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is approved by the Scientific Ethical Committee at the Capital Region of Denmark (H-20033733, including amendments 75068 and 75799) and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04647734, pre-results). The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, including cases of positive, negative and inconclusive results.Trial registration number NCT04549337.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iben Elmerdahl Rasmussen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Foged
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josephine Bjørn Budde
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Syberg Rasmussen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Villads Rasmussen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Lyngbæk
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Jønck
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Krogh-Madsen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Lindegaard
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Mathias Ried-Larsen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Godsk Jørgensen
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Copenhagen - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Asp Vonsild Lund
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Copenhagen - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Copenhagen - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Vejlstrup
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Copenhagen - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ronan M G Berg
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Copenhagen - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Regitse Højgaard Christensen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Copenhagen - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Geraldes R, Esiri MM, Perera R, Yee SA, Jenkins D, Palace J, DeLuca GC. Vascular disease and multiple sclerosis: a post-mortem study exploring their relationships. Brain 2021; 143:2998-3012. [PMID: 32875311 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular comorbidities have a deleterious impact on multiple sclerosis clinical outcomes but it is unclear whether this is mediated by an excess of extracranial vascular disease (i.e. atherosclerosis) and/or of cerebral small vessel disease or worse multiple sclerosis pathology. To address these questions, a study using a unique post-mortem cohort wherein whole body autopsy reports and brain tissue were available for interrogation was established. Whole body autopsy reports were used to develop a global score of systemic vascular disease that included aorta and coronary artery atheroma, cardiac hypertensive disease, myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke. The score was applied to 85 multiple sclerosis cases (46 females, age range 39 to 84 years, median 62.0 years) and 68 control cases. Post-mortem brain material from a subset of the multiple sclerosis (n = 42; age range 39-84 years, median 61.5 years) and control (n = 39) cases was selected for detailed neuropathological study. For each case, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from the frontal and occipital white matter, basal ganglia and pons was used to obtain a global cerebral small vessel disease score that captured the presence and/or severity of arteriolosclerosis, periarteriolar space dilatation, haemosiderin leakage, microinfarcts, and microbleeds. The extent of multiple sclerosis-related pathology (focal demyelination and inflammation) was characterized in the multiple sclerosis cases. Regression models were used to investigate the influence of disease status on systemic vascular disease and cerebral small vessel disease scores and, in the multiple sclerosis group, the relationship between multiple sclerosis-related pathology and both vascular scores. We show that: (i) systemic cardiovascular burden, and specifically atherosclerosis, is lower and cerebral small vessel disease is higher in multiple sclerosis cases that die at younger ages compared with control subjects; (ii) the association between systemic vascular disease and cerebral small vessel disease is stronger in patients with multiple sclerosis compared with control subjects; and (iii) periarteriolar changes, including periarteriolar space dilatation, haemosiderin deposition and inflammation, are key features of multiple sclerosis pathology outside the classic demyelinating lesion. Our data argue against a common primary trigger for atherosclerosis and multiple sclerosis but suggest that an excess burden of cerebral small vessel disease in multiple sclerosis may explain the link between vascular comorbidity and accelerated irreversibility disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Geraldes
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Margaret M Esiri
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rafael Perera
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Oxford, UK
| | - Sydney A Yee
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Damian Jenkins
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gabriele C DeLuca
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Charman SJ, Brown E, Grbovic M, Okwose NC, Markovic M, Ropret R, Cassidy S, MacGowan GA, Jakovljevic DG. What are the Physiological Benefits of Increased Daily Number of Steps in Middle-Aged Women? Am J Med Sci 2020; 360:591-595. [PMID: 32838955 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity plays an important role in the prevention of cardio-metabolic diseases. The present study evaluated the effect of habitual physical activity on body composition, peak oxygen consumption, cardiac and metabolic function. METHODS This was a retrospective study. Data was collected between February 2014 and November 2015. Thirty-six healthy women (age 50±16 years) were stratified according to daily number of steps into low- (<7500 steps/day, n=17) or high-active group (>12500 steps/day, n=19). All participants underwent body composition assessment, oral glucose tolerance test and non-invasive gas-exchange and haemodynamic (bioreactance) measurements at rest and in response to maximal graded cardiopulmonary exercise test. RESULTS The high active group averaged 16280±3205 steps/day and the low active group averaged 6285±943 steps/day (difference p=0.00). High-active women (vs. low active) demonstrated significantly lower body weight (62.1±12.3 vs. 71.2±9.1 kg, p=0.02), body fat (27.2±9.1 vs 37.7±6.4 %, p=0.00), but increased lean body mass (72.8±9.1 vs. 62.3±6.4 %, p=0.00). Peak oxygen consumption was significantly higher in high- versus low active women (2.0±0.5 vs. 1.5±0.2 l/min, p=0.00). There were no significant differences between the groups in fasting- and 2-hour glucose levels (4.9±0.6 vs. 4.8±0.5, p=0.45 and 4.8±1.3 vs. 5.5±1.4 mmol/L, p=0.16) haemodynamic measures of cardiac function including cardiac power output, cardiac output, stroke volume and arterial blood pressure at rest and in response to exercise stress test (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of habitual physical activity improve body composition and peak oxygen consumption but appears to have limited effect cardio-metabolic function in middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Charman
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Eleanor Brown
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Miljan Grbovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nduka C Okwose
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Milos Markovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Robert Ropret
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sophie Cassidy
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Guy A MacGowan
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Djordje G Jakovljevic
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; RCUK Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Gensous N, Bacalini MG, Conte M, Salvioli S. Accelerated bio-cognitive aging in Down syndrome: State of the art and possible deceleration strategies. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12903. [PMID: 30768754 PMCID: PMC6516152 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) has been proposed by George Martin as a segmental progeroid syndrome since 1978. In fact, DS persons suffer from several age‐associated disorders much earlier than euploid persons. Furthermore, a series of recent studies have found that DS persons display elevated levels of age biomarkers, thus supporting the notion that DS is a progeroid trait. Nowadays, due to the progressive advancements in social inclusion processes and medical assistance, DS persons live much longer than in the past; therefore, the early‐onset health problems of these persons are becoming an urgent and largely unmet social and medical burden. In particular, the most important ailment of DS persons is the accelerated cognitive decline that starts when they reach about 40 years of age. This decline can be at least in part counteracted by multi‐systemic approaches including early‐onset cognitive training, physical activity, and psychosocial assistance. However, no pharmacological treatment is approved to counteract this decline. According to the most advanced conceptualization of Geroscience, tackling the molecular mechanisms underpinning the aging process should be a smart/feasible strategy to combat and/or delay the great majority of age‐related diseases, including cognitive decline. We think that a debate is needed urgently on if (and how) this strategy could be integrated in protocols to face DS‐associated dementia and overall unhealthy aging. In particular we propose that, on the basis of data obtained in different clinical settings, metformin is a promising candidate that could be exploited to counteract cognitive decline in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna Bologna Italy
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod Russia
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) University of Bologna Bologna Italy
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Applied Biomedical Research Center (CRBA) S. Orsola‐Malpighi Polyclinic Bologna Italy
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics Unit of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Noémie Gensous
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | | | - Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) University of Bologna Bologna Italy
- Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG) University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) University of Bologna Bologna Italy
- Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG) University of Bologna Bologna Italy
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Robertson J, Emerson E, Baines S, Hatton C. Self-Reported Participation in Sport/Exercise Among Adolescents and Young Adults With and Without Mild to Moderate Intellectual Disability. J Phys Act Health 2018; 15:247-54. [DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2017-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Percy ME, Lukiw WJ. Is heart disease a risk factor for low dementia test battery scores in older persons with Down syndrome? Exploratory, pilot study, and commentary. Int J Dev Disabil 2017; 66:22-35. [PMID: 33859818 PMCID: PMC8046177 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2017.1301023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Certain heart conditions and diseases are common in Down syndrome (DS; trisomy 21), but their role in early onset dementia that is prevalent in older adults with DS has not been evaluated. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a study of risk factors for low neurocognitive/behavioral scores obtained with a published dementia test battery (DTB). Participants were adults with DS living in New York (N = 29; average age 46 years). We asked three questions. 1. Does having any type of heart disease affect the association between DTB scores and chronological age? 2. Does thyroid status affect the association between heart disease and DTB scores? 3. Are the E4 or E2 alleles of apolipoprotein E (APOE) associated with DTB scores or with heart disease? METHOD The study was retrospective, pilot, and exploratory. It involved analysis of information in a database previously established for the study of aging in DS. Participants had moderate intellectual disability on average. Information for each person included: gender, age, a single DTB score obtained by combining results from individual subscales of the DTB, the presence or absence of heart disease, thyroid status (treated hypothyroidism or normal), and APOE genotype. Trends were visualized by inspection of graphs and contingency tables. Statistical methods used to evaluate associations included Pearson correlation analysis, Fisher's exact tests (2-tailed), and odds ratio analysis. P values were interpreted at the 95% confidence level without Bonferroni correction. P values >.05<.1 were considered trends. RESULTS The negative correlation between DTB scores and age was significant in those with heart disease but not in those without. Heart disease was significantly associated with DTB scores >1 SD below the sample mean; there was a strong association between heart disease and low DTB scores in those with treated hypothyroidism but not in those with normal thyroid status. The APOE genotype was weakly associated with heart disease (E4, predisposing; E2, protective) in males. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the potentially important findings from the present study, large prospective studies are warranted to confirm and extend the observations. In these, particular heart conditions or diseases and other medical comorbidities in individuals should be documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maire E. Percy
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Toronto, Canada
- Surrey Place Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, New OrleansLA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New OrleansLA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New OrleansLA, USA
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Gibbs BB, Reis JP, Schelbert EB, Craft LL, Sidney S, Lima J, Lewis CE. Sedentary screen time and left ventricular structure and function: the CARDIA study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 46:276-83. [PMID: 23863618 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182a4df33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sedentary screen time (watching TV or using a computer) predicts cardiovascular outcomes independently from moderate and vigorous physical activity and could affect left ventricular structure and function through the adverse consequences of sedentary behavior. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine whether sedentary screen time is associated with measures of left ventricular structure and function. METHODS The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study measured screen time by questionnaire and left ventricular structure and function by echocardiography in 2854 black and white participants, age 43-55 yr, in 2010-2011. Generalized linear models evaluated cross-sectional trends for echocardiography measures across higher categories of screen time and adjusting for demographics, smoking, alcohol, and physical activity. Further models adjusted for potential intermediate factors (blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, diabetes, and body mass index). RESULTS The relationship between screen time and left ventricular mass (LVM) differed in blacks versus whites. Among whites, higher screen time was associated with larger LVM (P < 0.001), after adjustment for height, demographics, and lifestyle variables. Associations between screen time and LVM persisted when adjusting for blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, and diabetes (P = 0.008) but not with additional adjustment for body mass index (P = 0.503). Similar relationships were observed for screen time with LVM indexed to height, relative wall thickness, and mass-to-volume ratio. Screen time was not associated with left ventricular structure among blacks or left ventricular function in either race group. CONCLUSIONS Sedentary screen time is associated with greater LVM in white adults, and this relationship was largely explained by higher overall adiposity. The lack of association in blacks supports a potential qualitative difference in the cardiovascular consequences of sedentary screen-based behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Barone Gibbs
- 1University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; 2National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD; 3Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; 4Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA; 5Johns Hopkins Institutes of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; and 6University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Vetrano DL, Carfì A, Brandi V, L'Angiocola PD, Di Tella S, Cipriani MC, Antocicco M, Zuccalà G, Palmieri V, Silveri MC, Bernabei R, Onder G. Left ventricle diastolic function and cognitive performance in adults with Down syndrome. Int J Cardiol 2015; 203:816-8. [PMID: 26595792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide L Vetrano
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Neurosciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelo Carfì
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Neurosciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Brandi
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Neurosciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo D L'Angiocola
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, "E. Profili" Hospital, Fabriano, Italy
| | - Sonia Di Tella
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Neurosciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Camilla Cipriani
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Neurosciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Antocicco
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Neurosciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zuccalà
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Neurosciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Palmieri
- Sports Medicine Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Silveri
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Neurosciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Neurosciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Graziano Onder
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Neurosciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Vis JC, De Bruin-Bon HA, Bouma BJ, Huisman SA, Imschoot L, van den Brink K, Mulder BJ. Adults with Down syndrome have reduced cardiac response after light exercise testing. Neth Heart J 2012; 20:264-9. [PMID: 22331518 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-012-0254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Physical fitness is reduced in adults with Down syndrome (DS). The present study was conducted to elucidate the exercise response in adults with DS. Design Case controlled before-after trial. Setting Residential centre for people with intellectual disabilities. Participants 96 Adults with DS, 25 non-DS adults with an intellectual disability, 33 controls. Interventions Echocardiography to exclude heart defects and to measure cardiac index (CI) in the supine position, supine position with raised legs, and following ten knee bends. Main outcome measure Exercise testing Results At rest, mean CI was not significantly different between persons with DS and controls (2.3 vs. 2.4 l/min/m2, p = 0.3). However, mean CI after exercise was significantly lower in DS (2.9 vs. 3.7 l/min/m2, p < 0.001) and mean CI increase from rest to exercise was more than 50% lower in DS. On the contrary, CI after exercise was similar among controls and non-DS adults with an intellectual disability. Significantly lower stroke volumes in DS were found with insufficient heart rate response. Conclusions CI at rest was similar in adults with DS and controls; however persons with DS have a diminished cardiac response to exercise. Stroke volumes were significantly lower in DS during exercise and a compensated heightened heart rate was absent.
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