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Li G, Shen W, Tang X, Mo G, Yao L, Wang J. Combined use of calcium phosphate cement, mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma for bone regeneration in critical-size defect of the femoral condyle in mini-pigs. Regen Med 2021; 16:451-464. [PMID: 34030462 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the outcome of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and platelet-rich plasma in combination with calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffold to reconstruct femoral critical bone defects in mini-pigs. Materials & methods: Scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography evaluation and quantitative histological assessment were used. Results & conclusion: BMMSCs were attached to the CPC scaffold after 7 days of culture and decreased the residual CPC material in each group at 12 weeks compared with 6 weeks. The newly formed bone area was higher in the CPC+SC+P group than in the CPC group at each time point (all p < 0.05). The strategy of CPC combined with BMMSCs and platelet-rich plasma might be an effective method to repair bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjun Li
- Department of Orthopedic, Deqing People's Hospital, Deqing, Zhejiang 313200, PR China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Radiology, Deqing People's Hospital, Deqing, Zhejiang 313200, PR China
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Orthopedic, Deqing People's Hospital, Deqing, Zhejiang 313200, PR China
| | - Guowei Mo
- Department of Orthopedic, Deqing People's Hospital, Deqing, Zhejiang 313200, PR China
| | - Liqin Yao
- Department of Orthopedic, Deqing People's Hospital, Deqing, Zhejiang 313200, PR China
| | - Jixing Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
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Iaquinta MR, Mazzoni E, Manfrini M, D'Agostino A, Trevisiol L, Nocini R, Trombelli L, Barbanti-Brodano G, Martini F, Tognon M. Innovative Biomaterials for Bone Regrowth. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E618. [PMID: 30709008 PMCID: PMC6387157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative medicine, a new discipline that merges biological sciences and the fundamental of engineering to develop biological substitutes, has greatly benefited from recent advances in the material engineering and the role of stem cells in tissue regeneration. Regenerative medicine strategies, involving the combination of biomaterials/scaffolds, cells, and bioactive agents, have been of great interest especially for the repair of damaged bone and bone regrowth. In the last few years, the life expectancy of our population has progressively increased. Aging has highlighted the need for intervention on human bone with biocompatible materials that show high performance for the regeneration of the bone, efficiently and in a short time. In this review, the different aspects of tissue engineering applied to bone engineering were taken into consideration. The first part of this review introduces the bone cellular biology/molecular genetics. Data on biomaterials, stem cells, and specific growth factors for the bone regrowth are reported in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Iaquinta
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Marco Manfrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | | | - Riccardo Nocini
- Department of Surgery, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Trombelli
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Mercan U, Sümer M, Uçak Semirgen S, Ballı U, Betil Kabak Y, Şenyurt Ö. Dentin greftinin yeni oluşan kemikteki kemik mineral yoğunluğu üzerindeki etkileri: deneysel bir hayvan çalışması. Cukurova Medical Journal 2018. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.376439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Marcazzan S, Taschieri S, Weinstein RL, Del Fabbro M. Efficacy of platelet concentrates in bone healing: A systematic review on animal studies - Part B: Large-size animal models. Platelets 2017; 29:338-346. [PMID: 29206070 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1384537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of large bone defects, delayed bone union, or nonunion and fractures, bone reconstruction may be necessary. Different strategies have been employed to enhance bone healing among which the use of autologous platelet concentrates (APCs). Due to the high content of platelets and platelet-derived bioactive molecules (e.g., growth factors, antimicrobial peptides), they are promising candidates to enhance bone healing. However, both preclinical and clinical studies produced contrasting results, mainly due to a high heterogeneity in study design, objectives, techniques adopted, and outcomes assessed. The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of APCs in animal models of bone regeneration, considering the possible factors that might affect the outcome. An electronic search was performed on MEDLINE and Scopus databases. Comparative animal studies with a minimum follow up of 2 weeks, at least five subjects per group and using APCs for regeneration of bone defects were included. Articles underwent risk of bias assessment and quality evaluation. Fifty studies performed on six animal species (rat, rabbit, dog, sheep, goat, mini-pig) were included. The present part of the review considers studies performed on small ruminants, dogs, and mini-pigs (14 articles). The majority of the studies were considered at low risk of bias. In general, APCs' adjunct positively affected bone regeneration. Animal species, platelet and growth factors concentration, type of bone defect and of platelet concentrate used seemed to influence their efficacy in bone healing. However, sound conclusions were not drawn since too few studies for each large-size animal model were included. In addition, characterization of APCs' content was performed only in a few studies. Further studies with a standardized protocol including characterization of the final products will provide useful information for translating the results to clinical application of APCs in bone surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Marcazzan
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy.,b Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Silvio Taschieri
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy.,c Dental Clinic, IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Care and Clinical Research) Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan , Italy
| | | | - Massimo Del Fabbro
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
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Abstract
In presence of large bone defects, delayed bone union, non-union, fractures, and implant surgery, bone reconstruction may be necessary. Different strategies have been employed to enhance bone healing among which the use of autologous platelet concentrates. Due to the high content of platelets and platelet-derived bioactive molecules (e.g., growth factors, antimicrobial peptides), they are promising candidates to increase bone healing. However, a high heterogeneity of both preclinical and clinical studies resulted in contrasting results. Aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of platelet concentrates in animal models of bone regeneration, considering the possible factors which might affect the outcome. An electronic search was performed on MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases. Animal studies with a minimum follow up of 2 weeks and a sample size of five subjects per group, using platelet concentrates for bone regeneration, were included. Articles underwent risk of bias assessment and further quality evaluation was done. Sixty studies performed on six animal species (rat, rabbit, dog, sheep, goat, and mini-pig) were included. The present part of the review considers only studies performed on rats and rabbits (35 articles). The majority of the studies were considered at medium risk of bias. Animal species, healthy models, platelet, growth factors and leukocytes concentration, and type of bone defect seemed to influence the efficacy of platelet concentrates in bone healing. However, final conclusions were not be drawn, since only few included studies evaluated leukocyte, growth factor content, or presence of other bioactive molecules in platelet concentrates. Further studies with a standardized protocol including characterization of the final products will provide useful information for clinical application of platelet concentrates in bone surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Marcazzan
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche , Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy.,b Department of Nanomedicine , Houston Methodist Research Institute , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Roberto Lodovico Weinstein
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche , Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy.,c IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi , via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, Milan , Italy
| | - Massimo Del Fabbro
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche , Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy.,c IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi , via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, Milan , Italy
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Qiu G, Shi Z, Xu HH, Yang B, Weir MD, Li G, Song Y, Wang J, Hu K, Wang P, Zhao L. Bone regeneration in minipigs via calcium phosphate cement scaffold delivering autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and platelet‐rich plasma. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e937-e948. [PMID: 28102000 DOI: 10.1002/term.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gengtao Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryShunde First People Hospital Shunde Guangdong China
| | - Zhanjun Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Hockin H.K. Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer CenterUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD USA
| | - Guangjun Li
- Department of Spinal SurgeryNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryDeqing Hospital Huzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yang Song
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD USA
| | - Jixing Wang
- Department of Spinal SurgeryNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Kevin Hu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD USA
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7
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Park CG, Joo MW, Jeong J, Kang YK, Lee DR. Evaluation of the effects of the combination of autologous mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma on structural bone allograft healing. Cell Tissue Bank 2017; 18:229-238. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-017-9611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
During wound healing, biologically active molecules are released from platelets. The rationale of using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) relies on the concentration of bioactive molecules and subsequent delivery to healing sites. These bioactive molecules have been seldom simultaneously quantified within the same PRP preparation. In the present study, the flexible Bio-Plex system was employed to assess the concentration of a large range of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in 16 healthy volunteers so as to determine whether significant baseline differences may be found. Besides IL-1b, IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, INF-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, MIP-1a, RANTES, bFGF, PDGF, and VEGF that were already quantified elsewhere, the authors reported also on the presence of IL-2, IL-5, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-15 G-CSF, GM-CSF, Eotaxin, CXCL10 chemokine (IP-10), and MIP 1b. Among the most interesting results, it is convenient to mention the high concentrations of the HIV-suppressive and inflammatory cytokine RANTES and a statistically significant difference between males and females in the content of PDGF-BB. These data are consistent with previous reports pointing out that gender, diet, and test system affect the results of platelet function in healthy subjects, but seem contradictory when compared to other quantification assays in serum and plasma. The inconsistencies affecting the experimental results found in literature, along with the variability found in the content of bioactive molecules, urge further research, hopefully in form of randomized controlled clinical trials, in order to find definitive evidence of the efficacy of PRP treatment in various pathologic and regenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mussano
- a CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - T Genova
- a CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences , University of Turin , Turin , Italy.,b Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - L Munaron
- b Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology , University of Turin , Turin , Italy.,c Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - S Petrillo
- d Molecular Biotechnology Center , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - F Erovigni
- a CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - S Carossa
- a CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
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Salamanna F, Veronesi F, Maglio M, Della Bella E, Sartori M, Fini M. New and emerging strategies in platelet-rich plasma application in musculoskeletal regenerative procedures: general overview on still open questions and outlook. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:846045. [PMID: 26075269 DOI: 10.1155/2015/846045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite its pervasive use, the clinical efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy and the different mechanisms of action have yet to be established. This overview of the literature is focused on the role of PRP in bone, tendon, cartilage, and ligament tissue regeneration considering basic science literature deriving from in vitro and in vivo studies. Although this work provides evidence that numerous preclinical studies published within the last 10 years showed promising results concerning the application of PRP, many key questions remain unanswered and controversial results have arisen. Additional preclinical studies are needed to define the dosing, timing, and frequency of PRP injections, different techniques for delivery and location of delivery, optimal physiologic conditions for injections, and the concomitant use of recombinant proteins, cytokines, additional growth factors, biological scaffolds, and stems cells to develop optimal treatment protocols that can effectively treat various musculoskeletal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angad Malhotra
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Matthew Pelletier
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Rema Oliver
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Chris Christou
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - William R. Walsh
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
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Shiu HT, Goss B, Lutton C, Crawford R, Xiao Y. Formation of blood clot on biomaterial implants influences bone healing. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2014; 20:697-712. [PMID: 24906469 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The first step in bone healing is forming a blood clot at injured bones. During bone implantation, biomaterials unavoidably come into direct contact with blood, leading to a blood clot formation on its surface prior to bone regeneration. Despite both situations being similar in forming a blood clot at the defect site, most research in bone tissue engineering virtually ignores the important role of a blood clot in supporting healing. Dental implantology has long demonstrated that the fibrin structure and cellular content of a peri-implant clot can greatly affect osteoconduction and de novo bone formation on implant surfaces. This article reviews the formation of a blood clot during bone healing in relation to the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gels. It is implicated that PRP gels are dramatically altered from a normal clot in healing, resulting in conflicting effect on bone regeneration. These results indicate that the effect of clots on bone regeneration depends on how the clots are formed. Factors that influence blood clot structure and properties in relation to bone healing are also highlighted. Such knowledge is essential for developing strategies to optimally control blood clot formation, which ultimately alter the healing microenvironment of bone. Of particular interest are modification of surface chemistry of biomaterials, which displays functional groups at varied composition for the purpose of tailoring blood coagulation activation, resultant clot fibrin architecture, rigidity, susceptibility to lysis, and growth factor release. This opens new scope of in situ blood clot modification as a promising approach in accelerating and controlling bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Ting Shiu
- 1 Science and Engineering Faculty, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia
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Gu Y, Wang G, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Liu X, Rahaman MN, Huang W, Pan H. Biodegradable borosilicate bioactive glass scaffolds with a trabecular microstructure for bone repair. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2014; 36:294-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gawai KT, Sobhana CR. Clinical evaluation of use of platelet rich plasma in bone healing. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2014; 14:67-80. [PMID: 25729230 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-013-0605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth extraction is performed for a wide variety of reasons as we know. Several techniques aiming at enhancing the regeneration process in the extraction socket have been adopted such as filling the socket with autogenous bone grafts or bone substitutes. We know platelets play a central role in hemostasis and healing processes but relative contradictory effect of platelet in bone regenerating capacity have been published in different in vitro and in vivo studies. METHOD To explore this we used platelet-rich plasma (PRP) (autogenous) alone in empty extraction socket of bilateral impacted mandibular third molars. For that we selected five patients having bilateral impacted teeth. Out of two sockets one was used as intervention by filling with PRP and the other was allowed to heal without PRP. All patients were followed for clinical and radiological evaluation by using digital OPG view after 1 week, 1, 2 and 4 months period. RESULT AND CONCLUSION PRP enhanced the osteogenic response in initial bone healing at 1 month duration but there was no added benefit in late bone healing at 4 months period compared in both intervention and control groups. However PRP significantly improved the soft tissue healing in PRP treated sites compared to control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailas T Gawai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical College Hospital, Thrissur, Kerala India
| | - C R Sobhana
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
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Abstract
The increased concentration of platelets within platelet-rich plasma (PRP) provides a vehicle to deliver supra-physiologic concentrations of growth factors to an injury site, possibly accelerating or otherwise improving connective tissue regeneration. This potential benefit has led to the application of PRP in several applications; however, inconsistent results have limited widespread adoption in bone healing. This review provides a core understanding of the bone healing mechanisms, and corresponds this to the factors present in PRP. In addition, the current state of the art of PRP preparation, the key aspects that may influence its effectiveness, and treatment outcomes as they relate specifically to bone defect healing are presented. Although PRP does have a sound scientific basis, its use for bone healing appears only beneficial when used in combination with osteoconductive scaffolds; however, neither allograft nor autograft appear to be appropriate carriers. Aggressive processing techniques and very high concentrations of PRP may not improve healing outcomes. Moreover, many other variables exist in PRP preparation and use that influence its efficacy; the effect of these variables should be understood when considering PRP use. This review includes the essentials of what has been established, what is currently missing in the literature, and recommendations for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angad Malhotra
- Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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A. M. Penteado L, E. D. Colombo C, A. P. M. Penteado R, O. Assis A, C. V. Gurgel B. Evaluation of bioactive glass and platelet-rich plasma for bone healing in rabbit calvarial defects. J Oral Sci 2013; 55:225-32. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.55.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Bielecki T, Cieslik-Bielecka A, Żelawski M, Mikusek W. A side-effect induced by the combination of a demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft and leucocyte and platelet-rich plasma during treatment for large bone cysts: A 4-year follow-up clinical study. Transfus Apher Sci 2012; 47:133-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Shafiei-Sarvestani Z, Oryan A, Bigham AS, Meimandi-Parizi A. The effect of hydroxyapatite-hPRP, and coral-hPRP on bone healing in rabbits: radiological, biomechanical, macroscopic and histopathologic evaluation. Int J Surg 2012; 10:96-101. [PMID: 22246167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a continuing search for bone substitutes to avoid or minimize the need for autogenous bone grafts. Human platelet-rich plasma (hPRP) is used to stimulate bone formation in vivo. Hydroxyapatite, a crystalline phase of calcium phosphate found naturally in bone minerals, has shown tremendous promise as a graft material. Coral is an osteoconductive material used as a bone graft extender. This study examined the effect of human platelet-rich plasma in combination with hydroxyapatite and coral on osteogenesis in vivo using rabbit model bone healing. A critical size defect of 10 mm elongation was created in the radial diaphysis of 36 rabbit and either supplied with human platelet-rich plasma (12 rabbits), and in combination with hydroxyapatite (12 rabbits), or coral (12 rabbits). Radiographs of each forelimb were taken postoperatively on 1st day and then at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks post injury to evaluate bone defect healing. The operated radiuses were removed on the 56th postoperative day and were grossly and histopathologically evaluated. In addition, biomechanical test was conducted on the operated and normal forearms of another half of the rabbits in each group. This study demonstrated that high concentrations of xenogenic platelets lead to superior and faster bone formation in comparison with hydroxyapatite-hPRP and coral-hPRP. Hydroxyapatite-hPRP and coral-hPRP resulted to almost similar results in bone healing process at this stage.
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Oryan A, Meimandi Parizi A, Shafiei-Sarvestani Z, Bigham AS. Effects of combined hydroxyapatite and human platelet rich plasma on bone healing in rabbit model: radiological, macroscopical, hidtopathological and biomechanical evaluation. Cell Tissue Bank 2011; 13:639-51. [PMID: 22180011 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-011-9285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite is an osteoconductive material used as a bone graft extender and exhibits excellent biocompatibility with soft tissues such as skin, muscle and gums, making it an ideal candidate for orthopedic and dental implants or components of implants. Synthetic hydroxyapatite has been widely used in repair of hard tissues, and common uses include bone repair, bone augmentation, as well as coating of implants or acting as fillers in bone or teeth. On the other hand, human platelet rich plasma (hPRP) has been used as a source of osteoinductive factor. A combination of hPRP and hydroxyapatite is expected to create a composite with both osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. This study examined the effect of a combination of hydroxyapatite and hPRP on osteogenesis in vivo, using rabbit model bone healing. A critical size defect of 10 mm long was created in the radial diaphysis of 36 rabbit and either supplied with hydroxyapatite-human PRP or hydroxyapatite or was left empty (control group). Radiographs of each forelimb were taken postoperatively on 1st day and then at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks post injury to evaluate bone formation, union and remodeling of the defect. The operated radiuses of half of the animals in each group were removed on 56th postoperative day and were grossly and histopathologically evaluated. In addition, biomechanical test was conducted on the operated and normal forearms of the other half of the animals of each group. This study demonstrated that hydroxyapatite-humanPRP, could promote bone regeneration in critical size defects with a high regenerative capacity. The results of the present study demonstrated that hydroxyapatite-hPRP could be an attractive alternative for reconstruction of the major diaphyseal defects of the long bones in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oryan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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Abstract
This review examines the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of bone injuries and to stimulate bone formation. Studies examining both in vivo bone healing and in vitro actions of PRP on osteoblasts are reviewed. Overall, the available literature suggests that PRP does not appreciably impact bone healing or induce bone formation. However, there is some evidence to suggest that PRP might augment recruitment of osteoblast progenitors to injection sites or in sites expected to experience delayed healing. In this capacity PRP might be utilized to initiate repair of an otherwise poorly healing skeletal lesion. The demonstration that PRP is a viable therapy is hindered by a lack of standardized criteria for what constitutes PRP, and more studies are needed to compare the efficacy of PRP to that of transforming growth factor-β or platelet-derived growth factor used as sole agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Arpornmaeklong P, Pripatnanont P, Kittidumkerng W, Mitarnun W. Effects of autogenous growth factors on heterotopic bone formation of osteogenic cells in small animal model. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2012; 40:332-40. [PMID: 21724408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study used a new approach to investigate the effective concentrations of growth factors released from platelet concentrate (PC) on the bone formation capacity of osteogenically differentiated rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat BMSCs and whole blood were harvested from 40 adult male Spraque-Dawly rats. Rat BMSCs were expanded in an osteogenic medium and seeded on inert collagenous bovine bone matrix (ICBM). Growth factors released from degranulated PC (GFs) containing TGF-β1 1 (25ng/ml)-10ng (250ng/ml) and rhBMP-2 400ng (10μg/ml) were suspended in 40μl platelet poor plasma (PPP) and applied on the ICBM-rBMSC constructs or ICBM only, respectively. The constructs were then transplanted in autologous hosts for 4 weeks. Concurrently, osteoblastic differentiation of rBMSCs on ICBM-rBMSC-PPP constructs was characterized in vitro. RESULTS Rat BMSCs in osteogenic medium exhibited phenotypes of mature osteoblasts. The amount of newly formed bone among groups of ICBM-rBMSC-PPP with and without GFs was not significantly different (p>0.05) and was significantly lower than a group of ICBM-PPP-BMP-2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Autogenous GFs had no effect on the capacity of rBMSCs to form new bone. The ability to measure the bone formation capacity of transplanted autologous cells and growth factors in a small animal model was demonstrated.
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Mooren RECM, Hendriks EJ, van den Beucken JJJP, Merkx MAW, Meijer GJ, Jansen JA, Stoelinga PJW. The effect of platelet-rich plasma in vitro on primary cells: rat osteoblast-like cells and human endothelial cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 16:3159-72. [PMID: 20618090 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of standardized platelet-rich plasma (PRP) concentrates from 10 human donors on cellular behavior. The standardized PRPs used were fivefold average and fivefold maximum baseline values in whole blood. Both these standardized PRPs were characterized by determining platelet numbers and subsequently growth factor concentrations in activated PRPs, called PRP derivatives. Platelet numbers in both types of standardized PRPs were significantly increased compared with whole blood. Further, both PRP derivatives contained significantly higher concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor-AA, platelet-derived growth factor-AB, and transforming growth factor-beta 1. Vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations were significantly elevated in only the most concentrated PRP derivative. Cell culture experiments with osteoblast-like cells showed that both PRP derivatives stimulated cell proliferation without inducing cell differentiation, whereas tube formation in endothelial cell cultures was significantly increased by adding low volume percentages of PRP derivative (2%–8%). Consequently, it can be concluded that there is no direct relationship between the number of platelets and the level of growth factors released from these platelets. PRP derivatives have the potency to stimulate angiogenesis dose dependently, while lacking the capacity to induce osteogenic differentiation. Yet, the proliferation of osteoblast-like cells can significantly be enhanced by supplementation of PRP derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E C M Mooren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Bassi APF, Carvalho PSPD. Repair of bone cavities in dog's mandible filled with inorganic bovine bone and bioactive glass associated with platelet rich plasma. Braz Dent J 2011; 22:14-20. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402011000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of platelet rich plasma (PRP) associated to bovine inorganic bone (Bio-Oss®; Geistlich) or bioactive glass (Bio-Gran®; Orthovita, Implant Innovations) on bone healing. Bone cavities were prepared in both sides of the mandible of 4 adult male dogs. The cavities were divided into 4 groups according to the filling material as follows: control, PRP, PRP/Bio-Oss, PRP/Bio-Gran. The animals were sacrificed after 120 days and histological and histomorphometrical analysis was performed. The control group showed 80.6% of bone formation in the longitudinal sections at 6 mm depth and 83.7% at 13 mm depth. The transverse sections displayed 74.2% at both 6 and 13 mm depths. The PRP group showed 21.1% of bone formation in the longitudinal sections at 6 mm depth, and 23.1% at 13 mm depth. The transverse sections presented 28.98% of bone formation at 6 mm depth and 41.2% at 13 mm depth. The PRP/Bio-Gran group showed 25.1% of bone formation in the longitudinal sections at 6 mm depth and 30.4% at 13 mm depth. In the transverse sections, the bone formation was 43.0% at 6 mm depth and 39.7% at 13 mm depth. The PRP/Bio-Oss group showed 35.5% of bone formation in the longitudinal sections at 6 mm depth and 42% at 13 mm depth. In the transversal sections, the bone formation was 26.8% and 31.2% at the depths of 6 and 13 mm, respectively. PRP alone or associated with bovine inorganic bone or bioglass had no significant effect in bone healing.
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Mooren RE, Merkx MA, Kessler PA, Jansen JA, Stoelinga PJ. Reconstruction of the Mandible Using Preshaped 2.3-mm Titanium Plates, Autogenous Cortical Bone Plates, Particulate Cancellous Bone, and Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Retrospective Analysis of 20 Patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 68:2459-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Garcia RV, Gabrielli MAC, Hochuli-Vieira E, Spolidorio LC, Filho JGP, Neto FAD, de Cardoso LAG, Shibli JA. Effect of platelet-rich plasma on peri-implant bone repair: a histologic study in dogs. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2010; 36:281-90. [PMID: 20735264 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on peri-implant bone healing. A total of 9 mongrel dogs received 36 dental implants with sandblasted acid-etched surface in lower jaws in a split-mouth design: in the PRP group (n=18 implants) the implants were placed in association with PRP, and in the control group (n=18 implants) the implants were placed without PRP. Biopsies were obtained and prepared for histologic and histometric analysis after 15, 30, and 55 days of healing. The biopsies retrieved at 15 days showed delicate bone trabeculae formed by immature bone with presence of numerous osteoblasts for both groups. At 30 days the trabeculae presented reversal lines and evident lamellar disposition, where some thread spaces were filled by bone and dense connective tissue. At 55 days, bone healing was not altered in the control group, and histologic aspects were variable for the group treated with PRP. There was no significant difference between the groups for bone-to-implant contact (P>.05). PRP did not enhance bone formation around sandblasted acid-etched implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo V Garcia
- Division of Periodontology, Dental School at Araraquara, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Arora NS, Ramanayake T, Ren YF, Romanos GE. Platelet-rich plasma in sinus augmentation procedures: a systematic literature review: Part II. IMPLANT DENT 2010; 19:145-57. [PMID: 20386218 DOI: 10.1097/ID.0b013e3181cd706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been extensively studied for over a decade, there are no definitive reports, which prove the benefit of using PRP in sinus augmentation procedures. In addition, no systematic literature review has been done to report the benefit of treatment outcome in patients who received PRP in conjunction with bone/bone substitutes in maxillary sinus augmentation procedures. Therefore, it can be rightly stated that evidence for an adjunctive benefit of using PRP with bone grafts in sinus augmentation procedures is equivocal and inconclusive. AIM : The objective of this systematic literature review was to examine this literature in determining whether PRP with bone and bone substitutes leads to more rapid and effective bone regeneration clinically, radiographically, and histologically with sinus augmentation procedures and was there any clinical data parallel to animal experiments providing clinical evidence in sinus augmentation procedures? METHODS A systematic review of randomized clinical trials of at least 6 months duration was conducted comparing PRP and bone/bone substitutes (test group) to bone/bone substitutes (control group) alone. Electronic databases such as MEDLINE and CENTRAL (Cochrane central register of controlled clinical trials) were searched for relevant articles. The reference list of all included articles was searched along with unpublished clinical trials whose abstracts were available. RESULTS Although, there is a lack of human studies, which show benefit of using PRP in conjunction with bone grafting materials, it can be stated that use of PRP does lead to early regeneration and reduction in healing time of soft and hard tissues. However, no significant statistical or clinical benefit was reported from studies that would satisfy the inclusion criteria. This study answers the question very clearly that at this point of time, there is no human study that strongly supports the benefit of using PRP in sinus augmentation procedures. CONCLUSION There is a paucity of clinically controlled trials regarding benefits of PRP in sinus augmentation procedures. Theoretically, it seems to have significant beneficial effects on the soft and hard tissue healing; however, the disparity in study design, surgical techniques, and different outcome assessment variables used, makes it difficult to assess the practical benefit of its clinical use. Although no obvious positive effects of PRP on healing of bone graft material in maxillary sinus augmentation procedures were noted, the handling of the particulate bone grafts was improved.
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Cenni E, Savarino L, Perut F, Fotia C, Avnet S, Sabbioni G. Background and rationale of platelet gel in orthopaedic surgery. Musculoskelet Surg 2010; 94:1-8. [PMID: 19937168 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-009-0048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Autologous platelet gel, which is usually prepared by adding thrombin and calcium to a platelet concentrate, is used to accelerate bone repair as a possible alternative to recombinant growth factors (GF), through the osteogenic GF released from alpha-granules. The advantages of platelet gel lie in its mimicking the GF effects of the physiological bone healing and regenerative processes, in addition to a relatively simple and low cost technique. Moreover, if autologous platelet gel is used, immunological reactions are avoided. In in vitro systems, platelet gel stimulated osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells, while it inhibited complete osteoclast differentiation and activation. Moreover, platelet gel favoured endothelial cell proliferation and expression of pro-osteogenic functions. In experimental animals and in clinical application, the efficacy of platelet gel was increased by the combination with bone allografts, acting as scaffolds, and with bone marrow stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Cenni
- Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia Ortopedica e Medicina Rigenerativa, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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Mooren R, Dankers A, Merkx M, Bronkhorst E, Jansen J, Stoelinga P. The effect of platelet-rich plasma on early and late bone healing using a mixture of particulate autogenous cancellous bone and Bio-Oss®: an experimental study in goats. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 39:371-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2009.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2008] [Revised: 09/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Over the past two decades, autologous platelets that have been sequestered, concentrated, and mixed with thrombin to generate growth factor-concentrated platelet-rich plasma for application to bone and wounds to aide healing have been a subject of great interest. This article reviews the literature related to the use of autologous platelet-rich plasma in bone and wound healing, and reviews the processes necessary to secure a high concentration of viable platelets. Although not yet definitive, autologous platelet-rich plasma has been shown to be safe, reproducible, and effective in mimicking the natural process of bone and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon E Smith
- Australasian College of Podiatric Surgeons, Australia.
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Nair MB, Varma HK, Menon KV, Shenoy SJ, John A. Reconstruction of goat femur segmental defects using triphasic ceramic-coated hydroxyapatite in combination with autologous cells and platelet-rich plasma. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:1742-55. [PMID: 19297259 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Segmental bone defects resulting from trauma or pathology represent a common and significant clinical problem. In this study, a triphasic ceramic (calcium silicate, hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate)-coated hydroxyapatite (HASi) having the benefits of both HA (osteointegration, osteoconduction) and silica (degradation) was used as a bone substitute for the repair of segmental defect (2 cm) created in a goat femur model. Three experimental goat femur implant groups--(a) bare HASi, (b) osteogenic-induced goat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured HASi (HASi+C) and (c) osteogenic-induced goat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured HASi+platelet-rich plasma (HASi+CP)--were designed and efficacy performance in the healing of the defect was evaluated. In all the groups, the material united with host bone without any inflammation and an osseous callus formed around the implant. This reflects the osteoconductivity of HASi where the cells have migrated from the cut ends of host bone. The most observable difference between the groups appeared in the mid region of the defect. In bare HASi groups, numerous osteoblast-like cells could be seen together with a portion of material. However, in HASi+C and HASi+CP, about 60-70% of that area was occupied by woven bone, in line with material degradation. The interconnected porous nature (50-500 microm), together with the chemical composition of the HASi, facilitated the degradation of HASi, thereby opening up void spaces for cellular ingrowth and bone regeneration. The combination of HASi with cells and PRP was an added advantage that could promote the expression of many osteoinductive proteins, leading to faster bone regeneration and material degradation. Based on these results, we conclude that bare HASi can aid in bone regeneration but, with the combination of cells and PRP, the sequence of healing events are much faster in large segmental bone defects in weight-bearing areas in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manitha B Nair
- Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum-695 012, Kerala, India
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Plachokova AS, van den Dolder J, van den Beucken JJJP, Jansen JA. Bone regenerative properties of rat, goat and human platelet-rich plasma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 38:861-9. [PMID: 19443180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To explore the reported contradictory osteogenic capacity of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), the aim of the study was to examine and compare the bone regenerative effect of: PRPs of different species (rat, goat, human); human bone graft (HB) vs. HB combined with human PRP (HB+hPRP); and HB+hPRP vs. synthetic hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate bone substitute combined with hPRP (HA/TCP+hPRP). For this purpose, 72 implants, divided into 6 groups (n=6) were inserted in critical-sized defects of immunodeficient rats. After 2 and 4 weeks, descriptive and quantitative histological, and micro-CT analyses were performed on the specimens. Rat and goat PRP combined with HA/TCP did not enhance bone regeneration compared with HA/TCP. In contrast, human PRP combined with HA/TCP resulted in significantly increased bone fill compared to HA/TCP. The addition of human PRP to human bone graft increased significantly the amount of newly formed bone after 2 weeks. HB+hPRP demonstrated enhanced bone healing compared to HA/TCP+hPRP. In conclusion, rat and goat PRP had no effect on bone formation. Human PRP improved the initial osteogenic response of human bone graft. Human PRP combined with human bone graft had better osteogenic capacity than human PRP combined with synthetic bone substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Plachokova
- Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Gürbüzer B, Pikdöken L, Urhan M, Süer BT, Narin Y. Scintigraphic evaluation of early osteoblastic activity in extraction sockets treated with platelet-rich plasma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 66:2454-60. [PMID: 19022123 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2007] [Revised: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the early effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on osteoblastic activity during the healing process of soft tissue impacted mandibular third molar extraction sockets by means of bone scintigraphy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twelve patients with bilaterally soft tissue impacted mandibular third molars were included in the study. The impacted right and left mandibular third molars were surgically extracted in the same session. PRP was administered randomly into the extraction sockets in the study (S) group whereas the extraction sockets in the control (C) group were left without PRP treatment. Scintigrams were obtained in the first and fourth weeks after surgery to evaluate the osteoblastic activity within extraction sockets in both groups. RESULTS Scintigraphic findings of postoperative first and fourth weeks did not show significantly increased osteoblastic activity between S group and C group (P > .05). However, the osteoblastic activity in both groups significantly increased in postoperative week 4 in comparison to week 1 (P < .05). CONCLUSION The application of PRP alone into soft tissue impacted mandibular third molar extraction sockets failed to increase the osteoblastic activity in postsurgical weeks 1 and 4 in comparison to non-PRP-treated sockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahadir Gürbüzer
- Associate Professor, Department of Dentistry, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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de Oliva MA, Maximiano WMA, de Castro LMS, da Silva PE, Fernandes RR, Ciancaglini P, Beloti MM, Nanci A, Rosa AL, de Oliveira PT. Treatment with a growth factor-protein mixture inhibits formation of mineralized nodules in osteogenic cell cultures grown on titanium. J Histochem Cytochem 2008; 57:265-76. [PMID: 19029403 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2008.952713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite wide clinical application, the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for repairing bone defects and enhancing osseointegration of metal implants is still subject of debate. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a well-defined PRP-like mixture containing platelet-derived growth factor-BB, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, TGF-beta2, albumin, fibronectin, and thrombospondin [growth factors (GFs) + proteins] on the development of the osteogenic phenotype on titanium (Ti) in vitro. Human alveolar bone-derived osteoblastic cells were subcultured on Ti discs and exposed during the first 7 days to osteogenic medium supplemented with GFs + proteins and to osteogenic medium alone thereafter up to 14 days. Control cultures were exposed to only osteogenic medium. Dose-response experiments were carried out using rat primary calvarial cells exposed to GFs + proteins and 1:10 or 1:100 dilutions of the mixture. Treated human-derived cell cultures exhibited a significantly higher number of cycling cells at days 1 and 4 and of total cells at days 4 and 7, significantly reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at days 4, 7, and 10, and no Alizarin red-stained areas (calcium deposits) at day 14, indicating an impairment in osteoblast differentiation. Although the 1:10 and 1:100 dilutions of the mixture restored the proliferative activity of rat-derived osteogenic cells to control levels and promoted a significant increase in ALP activity at day 10 compared with GFs + proteins, mineralized nodule formation was only observed with the 1:100 dilution ( approximately 50% of the control). These results showed that a PRP-like protein mixture inhibits development of the osteogenic phenotype in both human and rat osteoblastic cell cultures grown on Ti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Andrade de Oliva
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (PC), Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kasten P, Vogel J, Geiger F, Niemeyer P, Luginbühl R, Szalay K. The effect of platelet-rich plasma on healing in critical-size long-bone defects. Biomaterials 2008; 29:3983-92. [PMID: 18614227 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a promoter of bone healing remains controversial. The hypothesis investigated was that PRP improves bone healing of a critical-size diaphyseal radius defect in a rabbit model. The bone defect was filled with a high-surface ceramic scaffold, calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA), with the addition of allogenic PRP, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) or both. PRP yielded better bone formation than the empty CDHA scaffold as determined by both histology and micro-computer tomography (p<0.05) after 16 weeks, whereas no difference was observed on biomechanical testing. Similar behavior was found in samples with MSC; however, the combination of MSC and PRP did not further improve bone healing. Furthermore, the resorption of CDHA was improved by the addition of PRP, MSC and MSC/PRP, but there were no differences between the groups. The areas of bone formation were greater in areas adjacent to the bone resection areas and towards the intact ulna. In conclusion, PRP improves bone healing in a diaphyseal rabbit model on CDHA and the combination of CDHA. This study supports the allogenic use of PRP for bone healing as an off-the-shelf therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kasten
- Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
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de Oliveira PT, de Oliva MA, Maximiano WMA, Sebastião KEV, Crippa GE, Ciancaglini P, Beloti MM, Nanci A, Rosa AL. Effects of a mixture of growth factors and proteins on the development of the osteogenic phenotype in human alveolar bone cell cultures. J Histochem Cytochem 2008; 56:629-38. [PMID: 18379017 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2008.950758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies to promote bone repair have included exposure of cells to growth factor (GF) preparations from blood that generally include proteins as part of a complex mixture. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of such a mixture on different parameters of the development of the osteogenic phenotype in vitro. Osteoblastic cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion of human alveolar bone and cultured under standard osteogenic conditions until subconfluence. They were subcultured on Thermanox coverslips up to 14 days. Treated cultures were exposed during the first 7 days to osteogenic medium supplemented with a GFs + proteins mixture containing the major components found in platelet extracts [platelet-derived growth factor-BB, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, TGF-beta2, albumin, fibronectin, and thrombospondin] and to osteogenic medium alone thereafter. Control cultures were exposed only to the osteogenic medium. Treated cultures exhibited a significantly higher number of adherent cells from day 4 onward and of cycling cells at days 1 and 4, weak alkaline phosphatase (ALP) labeling, and significantly decreased levels of ALP activity and mRNA expression. At day 14, no Alizarin red-stained nodular areas were detected in cultures treated with GFs + proteins. Results were confirmed in the rat calvaria-derived osteogenic cell culture model. The addition of bone morphogenetic protein 7 or growth and differentiation factor 5 to treated cultures upregulated Runx2 and ALP mRNA expression, but surprisingly, ALP activity was not restored. These results showed that a mixture of GFs + proteins affects the development of the osteogenic phenotype both in human and rat cultures, leading to an increase in the number of cells, but expressed a less differentiated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Tambasco de Oliveira
- Division of Oral Histology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil.
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