A case of maxillary duplication with a soft palate reconstruction using a forearm flap

Tessier's Cleft Number 6 Revisited: A Series of 26 new Cases and Literature Review of 44

OBJECTIVE

To fix a gray zone left in Tessier's classification of rare clefts with cleft 6 and to give a more comprehensive description of cleft 6 anatomy.

DESIGN

The material used for the research was a series of 26 clinical cases of patients with assessed cleft 6 and 44 cases found out of a literature review with enough data to be useful. The 70 cases were cross-examined by the authors.

STUDY SETTING

The authors are senior craniofacial surgeons working in high-case load department from university centers where the patients are documented and receive primary as well as secondary treatment and follow-up.

PATIENTS

The patients were selected out of the series of craniofacial deformities taken care of by the authors' department as rare clefts.

MAIN OUTCOME

We describe the full spectrum of cleft 6 as an autonomous entity that could present itself in three subtypes: 6a is the most proximal and could be associated with cleft 8. The subtype 6b is medial toward the zygomatic arch and frequently associated with a bone and teeth appendage (frequently described as a "maxillary duplication"). The subtype 6C goes toward the external ear between the helix crus and the auditory meatus.

CONCLUSIONS

The Tessier's opinion is that Treacher Collins syndrome was the association of clefts 6, 7, and 8 and is no longer sustainable in the light of modern genetics. Most of the cleft 6 are misdiagnosed in the literature.

A rare case of accessory maxilla: a case report and literature review of Tessier no. 7 clefts

Bilateral Tessier no. 7 clefts are rarely reported in the literature. Here, we describe the presence of accessory maxilla with supernumerary teeth in a patient who exhibited bilateral Tessier no. 7 clefts; the diagnosis was established based on the patient’s history, clinical presentation, and computed tomography images. A review of the available literature revealed 24 patients with Tessier no. 7 clefts from 2000 to 2020, including our patient. The most common clinical manifestation in patients with Tessier no. 7 clefts comprises bilateral facial clefts. Additionally, Tessier no. 7 clefts are more frequently found in boys or men, rather than in girls or women. The presence of an accessory maxilla with supernumerary teeth in a patient with bilateral Tessier no. 7 clefts is extremely rare. Early detection of craniofacial abnormalities is important, because it may influence patient prognosis and management.

Partial duplication of the jaw: case reports and review of relevant publications

Craniofacial duplication is a rare congenital malformation with a wide phenotypic range. The signs and symptoms range from partial craniofacial duplication to bicephalus. We describe two cases of partial duplication of jaw: a girl with a duplication of the maxilla, and a boy with duplication of the mandible. We review the relevant publications and discuss the pathogenesis.

Congenital parotid ectopia in accessory maxilla and facial cleft anomalies: three cases report

To further document the clinical features of accessory maxilla with three additional cases report. Clinical and radiological features of three cases of accessory maxilla were presented. Related literature was summarized for comparison. Ectopic parotid gland, facial cleft and accessory maxilla are three concomitant malformations in this condition. The tooth-bearing accessory maxillary duplication derives from the abnormal growth of the zygoma or zygomatic arch. Facial cleft, parotid ectopia and tooth-bearing accessory maxilla may constitute a rare congenital syndrome.