Case report: HIV negative isolated scrotal Kaposi's sarcoma

Splenic Kaposi’s sarcoma in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient: A case report

BACKGROUND

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a malignancy that usually affects the skin of the lower extremities, and may involve internal organs. It originates from the vascular endothelium. It is well known that the development of KS is associated with human herpes virus 8 (i.e. HHV8) infections. Sporadic KS cases have mainly been found in Africa. Isolated splenic KS in Asia has rarely been reported. We present here a case of KS primarily involving the spleen in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative Chinese patient.

CASE SUMMARY

A 50-year-old male patient was admitted to hospital due to abdominal distension and discomfort, reduced food intake and weight loss. Medical examination revealed that the patient had moderate anemia, a low platelet count, slight fatty liver and a huge mass in the spleen. Spleen lymphoma was considered. An anti-HIV test was negative. The whole spleen was surgically excised. The final pathological diagnosis was nodular stage spleen KS, and the patient underwent total splenectomy. He recovered well and was discharged from hospital 12 d after surgery. Two weeks later, the patient developed liver metastasis and died within 1 mo after surgery.

CONCLUSION

KS is difficult to diagnose and pathological examination is necessary. KS has a poor prognosis and should be diagnosed and treated early to improve survival.

Scrotal Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV-negative patient: A case report and review of the literature

Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) is a malignancy that generally effects the skin, and can be systemic with internal organ involvement. It originates from the vascular endothelium. KS's relationship with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is well known. Isolated scrotal KS in the urogenital system is quite rare and scrotal KS in an HIV-negative patient is limited to a few cases. In this case report, the biopsy result from the violescent nodular lesions on the scrotum of the HIV-negative 81-year-old patient was found compatible with KS and a pathology was not detected in the systemic screening. With a diagnosis of isolated scrotal KS, the patient underwent surgical excision aimed at the lesions on the scrotum. KS is rare in HIV-negative patients and it is associated with human herpes virus-8 infection.

Classical Kaposi sarcoma: case reports with unusual presentation on the penis and scrotum

BACKGROUND

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common vascular neoplasm. Any skin area could be involved, including the genitalia. Traditionally, classic KS lesions have a general distribution, often involving skin of the feet and legs, and to a lesser extent, that of the hands, arms, and trunk. KS limited to the external genitalia is extremely rare in HIV seronegative individuals.

METHODS

We report six patients of classic KS with generalized dermal KS lesions.

RESULTS

Two of them presenting with unusual KS lesions on the penis and scrotum beside the other dermal lesions. Patients were HIV negative and human herpes virus eight positive. Histological examination showed classical KS.

CONCLUSIONS

Primary KS of the penis and scrotum is rare but could occur in HIV-negative patients.

Atypical Kaposi Sarcoma of the Tongue in HIV Positive Tanzanian Female

We report atypical case of Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) in a 32-year-old human immunodeficiency virus- (HIV-) infected female, involving only the tongue. Viral loads and CD4 T cells were measured and were 65,000 cps/mL and 10 cells/mL, respectively. This patient was newly diagnosed and had no history of antiretroviral therapy (ART), radiotherapy, or immunosuppressive drugs prior to this admission. Clinically, there were no dermatological features of KS lesions which are purple, red, or brown and which may be flat, raised (plaques), or bumpy (nodules) except for fungating and protruding enlarged tongue which was necrotic. Histologically, it was proven to be the most common type of KS "epidemic" or AIDS-related KS.

Case Report: Pulmonary Kaposi Sarcoma in a non-HIV patient

Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative tumor associated with human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8).  Often known as one of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining skin diseases, pulmonary involvement in KS has only been discussed in a handful of case reports, rarely in a non-HIV patient. Herein we report the case of a 77 year-old- male who presented with a 6-week history of progressive dyspnea on exertion accompanied by productive cough of yellow sputum and intermittent hemoptysis. His past medical history was significant for Non-Hodgkin's Follicular B-Cell Lymphoma (NHL). Patient also had biopsy-confirmed cutaneous KS. His physical exam was notable for a 2cm firm, non-tender, mobile right submandibular lymph node.  Lungs were clear to auscultation. He had multiple violet non-tender skin lesions localized to the lower extremities. CT scan of the chest showed numerous nodular opacities and small pleural effusions in both lungs. A thoracenthesis was performed, showing sero-sanguineous exudative effusions. Histopathology failed to demonstrate malignant cells or lymphoma. A subsequent bronchoscopy revealed diffusely hyperemic, swollen mucosa of the lower airways with mucopurulent secretions. Bronchoalveolar lavage PCR for HHV-8 showed 5800 DNA copies/mL.  It was believed that his pulmonary symptoms were likely due to disseminated KS.  This case illustrates the potential for significant lung injury from KS. It also demonstrates the use of PCR for HHV-8 to diagnose KS in a bronchoalveolar lavage sample in a case when bronchoscopic biopsy was not safe. Furthermore, this case is unique in that the patient did not match the typical KS subgroups as HIV infection and other immune disorders were ruled out. Recognition of this syndrome is critical to the institution of appropriate therapy. As such, this case should be of interest to a broad readership across internal medicine including the specialties of Pulmonology and Critical Care.