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Rodrigues DB, Reis RL, Pirraco RP. Modelling the complex nature of the tumor microenvironment: 3D tumor spheroids as an evolving tool. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:13. [PMID: 38254117 PMCID: PMC10804490 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-00997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a serious burden in society and while the pace in the development of novel and more effective therapeutics is increasing, testing platforms that faithfully mimic the tumor microenvironment are lacking. With a clear shift from animal models to more complex in vitro 3D systems, spheroids emerge as strong options in this regard. Years of development have allowed spheroid-based models to better reproduce the biomechanical cues that are observed in the tumor-associated extracellular matrix (ECM) and cellular interactions that occur in both a cell-cell and cell-ECM manner. Here, we summarize some of the key cellular interactions that drive tumor development, progression and invasion, and how successfully are these interactions recapitulated in 3D spheroid models currently in use in the field. We finish by speculating on future advancements in the field and on how these can shape the relevance of spherical 3D models for tumor modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Rodrigues
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence On Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence On Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rogério P Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence On Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal.
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2
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Sui X, Wu G. Immune landscape and prognostic gene signatures in gastric cancer: implications for cachexia and clinical outcomes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1297363. [PMID: 38035067 PMCID: PMC10682159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1297363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia, a debilitating condition that worsens patient outcomes, often accompanies gastric cancer, a malignancy that is prevalent worldwide. The extensive research explored the interconnected molecular and immune aspects of stomach cancer, with a particular emphasis on cachexia. By employing the GEO database, we identified genes that were expressed differently in gastric cancer patients suffering from cachexia. Following the analysis of Weighted Gene Co-expression Network (WGCNA), gene modules intricately linked to particular immune cells were revealed, indicating a significantly disrupted tumor microenvironment. A strong predictive model was developed, centered around key genes such as CAMK4, SLC37A2, and BCL11B. Surprisingly, this particular model not only showed better predictive abilities in comparison to conventional clinical factors but also exhibited a strong connection with increased infiltration of macrophages and T cells. These discoveries suggest the presence of an immune-suppressing and tumor-promoting atmosphere among individuals at a greater risk. Moreover, the utilization of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) established a connection between the genes linked to our risk score and vital immune-related pathways, thereby strengthening the pivotal involvement of immunity in the development of gastric cancer. To summarize, our discoveries provide a more profound comprehension of the molecular and immune mechanisms that support cachexia in gastric cancer, presenting a hopeful basis for upcoming advancements in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guohao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Dong Y, Chen J, Chen Y, Liu S. Targeting the STAT3 oncogenic pathway: Cancer immunotherapy and drug repurposing. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115513. [PMID: 37741251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune effector cells in the microenvironment tend to be depleted or remodeled, unable to perform normal functions, and even promote the malignant characterization of tumors, resulting in the formation of immunosuppressive microenvironments. The strategy of reversing immunosuppressive microenvironment has been widely used to enhance the tumor immunotherapy effect. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was found to be a crucial regulator of immunosuppressive microenvironment formation and activation as well as a factor, stimulating tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasiveness and metastasis. Therefore, regulating the immune microenvironment by targeting the STAT3 oncogenic pathway might be a new cancer therapy strategy. This review discusses the pleiotropic effects of STAT3 on immune cell populations that are critical for tumorigenesis, and introduces the novel strategies targeting STAT3 oncogenic pathway for cancer immunotherapy. Lastly, we summarize the conventional drugs used in new STAT3-targeting anti-tumor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Dong
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine Internal Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1 Xiyuan Playground, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songjiang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No.26, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Huangfu L, Li R, Huang Y, Wang S. The IL-17 family in diseases: from bench to bedside. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:402. [PMID: 37816755 PMCID: PMC10564932 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family comprises six members (IL-17A-17F), and recently, all of its related receptors have been discovered. IL-17 was first discovered approximately 30 years ago. Members of this family have various biological functions, including driving an inflammatory cascade during infections and autoimmune diseases, as well as boosting protective immunity against various pathogens. IL-17 is a highly versatile proinflammatory cytokine necessary for vital processes including host immune defenses, tissue repair, inflammatory disease pathogenesis, and cancer progression. However, how IL-17 performs these functions remains controversial. The multifunctional properties of IL-17 have attracted research interest, and emerging data have gradually improved our understanding of the IL-17 signaling pathway. However, a comprehensive review is required to understand its role in both host defense functions and pathogenesis in the body. This review can aid researchers in better understanding the mechanisms underlying IL-17's roles in vivo and provide a theoretical basis for future studies aiming to regulate IL-17 expression and function. This review discusses recent progress in understanding the IL-17 signaling pathway and its physiological roles. In addition, we present the mechanism underlying IL-17's role in various pathologies, particularly, in IL-17-induced systemic lupus erythematosus and IL-17-related tumor cell transformation and metastasis. In addition, we have briefly discussed promising developments in the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjie Huangfu
- School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ruiying Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, P. R. China
| | - Yamei Huang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, P. R. China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, P. R. China.
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216, P. R. China.
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Ding L, Liang M, Li Y, Zeng M, Liu M, Ma W, Chen F, Li C, Reis RL, Li F, Wang Y. Zinc-Organometallic Framework Vaccine Controlled-Release Zn 2+ Regulates Tumor Extracellular Matrix Degradation Potentiate Efficacy of Immunotherapy. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2302967. [PMID: 37439462 PMCID: PMC10520680 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) not only forms a physical barrier for T cells infiltration, but also regulates multiple immunosuppressive pathways, which is an important reason for immunotherapy failure. The cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway plays a key role in activating CD8+ T cells, maintaining CD8+ T cells stemness and enhancing the antitumor effect. Herein, a zinc-organometallic framework vaccine (ZPM@OVA-CpG) prepared by self-assembly, which achieves site-directed release of Zn2+ in dendritic cell (DC) lysosomes and tumor microenvironment under acidic conditions, is reported. The vaccine actively targets DC, significantly enhances cGAS-STING signal, promotes DC maturation and antigen cross-presentation, and induces strong activation of CD8+ T cells. Meanwhile, the vaccine reaches the tumor site, releasing Zn2+ , significantly up-regulates the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2, degrades various collagen components of tumor ECM, effectively alleviates immune suppression, and significantly enhances the tumor infiltration and killing of CD8+ T cells. ZPM@OVA-CpG vaccine not only solves the problem of low antigen delivery efficiency and weak CD8+ T cells activation ability, but also achieves the degradation of tumor ECM via the vaccine for the first time, providing a promising therapeutic platform for the development of efficient novel tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital)Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital)Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518020China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell TherapyShenzhen Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Clinical TransformationShenzhen Immune Cell Therapy Public Service PlatformShenzhen518020China
| | - Minli Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital)Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital)Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518020China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell TherapyShenzhen Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Clinical TransformationShenzhen Immune Cell Therapy Public Service PlatformShenzhen518020China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Jiaozuo Women's and Child's HospitalJiaozuo454001China
| | - Mei Zeng
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Medical UniversityDongguan523109China
| | - Meiting Liu
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Medical UniversityDongguan523109China
| | - Wei Ma
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital)Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518020China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell TherapyShenzhen Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Clinical TransformationShenzhen Immune Cell Therapy Public Service PlatformShenzhen518020China
| | - Fuming Chen
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital)Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518020China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell TherapyShenzhen Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Clinical TransformationShenzhen Immune Cell Therapy Public Service PlatformShenzhen518020China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmacy and The First Affiliated HospitalHainan Medical UniversityHaikou570228China
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs‐Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoGuimarães4805–017Portugal
| | - Fu‐Rong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital)Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital)Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518020China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell TherapyShenzhen Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Clinical TransformationShenzhen Immune Cell Therapy Public Service PlatformShenzhen518020China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmacy and The First Affiliated HospitalHainan Medical UniversityHaikou570228China
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Zheng L, Ling W, Zhu D, Li Z, Li Y, Zhou H, Kong L. Roquin-1 resolves sepsis-associated acute liver injury by regulating inflammatory profiles via miRNA cargo in extracellular vesicles. iScience 2023; 26:107295. [PMID: 37554446 PMCID: PMC10405074 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated acute liver injury (SALI) is an independent risk for sepsis-induced death orchestrated by innate and adaptive immune responses. Here, we found that Roquin-1 was decreased during SALI and expressed mainly in monocyte-derived macrophages. Meanwhile, Roquin-1 was correlated with the inflammatory profiles in humans and mice. Mechanically, Roquin-1 in macrophages promoted Ago2-K258-ubiquitination and inhibited Ago2-S387/S828-phosphorylation. Ago2-S387-phosphorylation inhibited Ago2-miRNA's complex location in multivesicular bodies and sorting in macrophages-derived extracellular vesicles (MDEVs), while Ago2-S828-phosphorylation modulated the binding between Ago2 and miRNAs by special miRNAs-motifs. Then, the anti-inflammatory miRNAs in MDEVs decreased TSC22D2 expression directly, upregulated Tregs-differentiation via TSC22D2-STAT3 signaling, and inhibited M1-macrophage-polarization by TSC22D2-AMPKα-mTOR pathway. Furthermore, WT MDEVs in mice alleviated SALI by increasing Tregs ratio and decreasing M1-macrophage frequency synchronously. Our study showed that Roquin-1 in macrophages increased Tregs-differentiation and decreased M1-macrophage-polarization simultaneously via miRNA in MDEVs, suggesting Roquin-1 can be used as a potential tool for SALI treatment and MDEVs engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Hepatobiliary Center/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ling
- Hepatobiliary Center/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Deming Zhu
- Hepatobiliary Center/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Hepatobiliary Center/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yousheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lianbao Kong
- Hepatobiliary Center/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
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7
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Tsoneva DK, Ivanov MN, Conev NV, Manev R, Stoyanov DS, Vinciguerra M. Circulating Histones to Detect and Monitor the Progression of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020942. [PMID: 36674455 PMCID: PMC9860657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have emerged as a minimally invasive cancer detection and monitoring method, which could identify cancer-related alterations in nucleosome or histone levels and modifications in blood, saliva, and urine. Histones, the core component of the nucleosome, are essential for chromatin compaction and gene expression modulation. Increasing evidence suggests that circulating histones and histone complexes, originating from cell death or immune cell activation, could act as promising biomarkers for cancer detection and management. In this review, we provide an overview of circulating histones as a powerful liquid biopsy approach and methods for their detection. We highlight current knowledge on circulating histones in hematologic malignancies and solid cancer, with a focus on their role in cancer dissemination, monitoring, and tumorigenesis. Last, we describe recently developed strategies to identify cancer tissue-of-origin in blood plasma based on nucleosome positioning, inferred from nucleosomal DNA fragmentation footprint, which is independent of the genetic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desislava K. Tsoneva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Transplantology, Research Institute, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Martin N. Ivanov
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Transplantology, Research Institute, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Vladimirov Conev
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, UMHAT “St. Marina”, 1 “Hristo Smirnenski” Blvd., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Rostislav Manev
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, UMHAT “St. Marina”, 1 “Hristo Smirnenski” Blvd., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Dragomir Svetozarov Stoyanov
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, UMHAT “St. Marina”, 1 “Hristo Smirnenski” Blvd., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Transplantology, Research Institute, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
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Zhu M, Li S, Cao X, Rashid K, Liu T. The STAT family: Key transcription factors mediating crosstalk between cancer stem cells and tumor immune microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:18-31. [PMID: 36410636 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins compose a family of transcription factors critical for cancer stem cells (CSCs), and they are involved in maintaining stemness properties, enhancing cell proliferation, and promoting metastasis. Recent studies suggest that STAT proteins engage in reciprocal communication between CSCs and infiltrate immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Emerging evidence has substantiated the influence of immune cells, including macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and T cells, on CSC survival through the regulation of STAT signaling. Conversely, dysregulation of STATs in CSCs or immune cells contributes to the establishment of an immunosuppressive TME. Thus, STAT proteins are promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment, especially when used in combination with immunotherapy. From this perspective, we discuss the complex roles of STATs in CSCs and highlight their functions in the crosstalk between CSCs and the immune microenvironment. Finally, cutting-edge clinical trial progress with STAT signaling inhibitors is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxuan Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Center of Evidence-based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suyao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Center of Evidence-based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Khalid Rashid
- Department of Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Center of Evidence-based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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