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Kukkola HL, Utriainen P, Huttunen P, Taskinen M, Mäkitie O, Vakkilainen S. Lymphomas in cartilage-hair hypoplasia – A case series of 16 patients reveals advanced stage DLBCL as the most common form. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1004694. [PMID: 36211439 PMCID: PMC9541526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1004694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) have an increased risk of malignancy, particularly non-Hodgkin lymphoma and basal cell carcinoma. The characteristics, clinical course, response to therapy and outcome of lymphomas in CHH remains unexplored. Methods We assessed clinical features of lymphoma cases among Finnish patients with CHH. Data were collected from the Finnish Cancer Registry, hospital records, the National Medical Databases and Cause-of-Death Registry of Statistics Finland. Results Among the 160 CHH patients, 16 (6 men, 10 women) were diagnosed with lymphoma during 1953-2016. Lymphoma was diagnosed in young adulthood (median age 26.4 years, range from 6.4 to 69.5 years), mostly in advanced stage. The most common lymphoma type was diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (6/16, 38%). Eight patients received chemotherapy (8/16, 50%), and two of them survived. Standard lymphoma chemotherapy regimens were administered in the majority of cases. Altogether, eleven CHH patients died due to lymphomas (11/16, 69%). In almost all surviving lymphoma patients, the diagnosis was made either during routine follow-up or after evaluation for non-specific mild symptoms. Search for CHH-related clinical predictors demonstrated higher prevalence of recurrent respiratory infections, in particular otitis media, and Hirschsprung disease in patients with lymphoma. However, three patients had no clinical signs of immunodeficiency prior to lymphoma diagnosis. Conclusion DLBCL is the most common type of lymphoma in CHH. The outcome is poor probably due to advanced stage of lymphoma at the time of diagnosis. Other CHH-related manifestations poorly predicted lymphoma development, implying that all CHH patients should be regularly screened for malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna-Leena Kukkola
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Utriainen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT), Children‘s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Huttunen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT), Children‘s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Taskinen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT), Children‘s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Svetlana Vakkilainen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Svetlana Vakkilainen,
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Chabronova A, van den Akker GGH, Meekels-Steinbusch MMF, Friedrich F, Cremers A, Surtel DAM, Peffers MJ, van Rhijn LW, Lausch E, Zabel B, Caron MMJ, Welting TJM. Uncovering pathways regulating chondrogenic differentiation of CHH fibroblasts. Noncoding RNA Res 2022; 6:211-224. [PMID: 34988338 PMCID: PMC8688813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the non-coding snoRNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease (RMRP) are the cause of cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH). CHH is a rare form of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia characterized by disproportionate short stature and abnormal growth plate development. The process of chondrogenic differentiation within growth plates of long bones is vital for longitudinal bone growth. However, molecular mechanisms behind impaired skeletal development in CHH patients remain unclear. We employed a transdifferentiation model (FDC) combined with whole transcriptome analysis to investigate the chondrogenic transdifferentiation capacity of CHH fibroblasts and to examine pathway regulation in CHH cells during chondrogenic differentiation. We established that the FDC transdifferentiation model is a relevant in vitro model of chondrogenic differentiation, with an emphasis on the terminal differentiation phase, which is crucial for longitudinal bone growth. We demonstrated that CHH fibroblasts are capable of transdifferentiating into chondrocyte-like cells, and show a reduced commitment to terminal differentiation. We also found a number of key factors of BMP, FGF, and IGF-1 signalling axes to be significantly upregulated in CHH cells during the chondrogenic transdifferentiation. Our results support postulated conclusions that RMRP has pleiotropic functions and profoundly affects multiple aspects of cell fate and signalling. Our findings shed light on the consequences of pathological CHH mutations in snoRNA RMRP during chondrogenic differentiation and the relevance and roles of non-coding RNAs in genetic diseases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Chabronova
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Guus G H van den Akker
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mandy M F Meekels-Steinbusch
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Franziska Friedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andy Cremers
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Don A M Surtel
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Lodewijk W van Rhijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ekkehart Lausch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Zabel
- Medical Faculty, Otto van Guericke University of Magdeburg, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marjolein M J Caron
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim J M Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Tomomasa D, Sato T, Hasegawa T, Morio T, Kanegane H. Cartilage-hair hypoplasia with T-cell dysfunction. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15080. [PMID: 35278261 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tomomasa
- Departments of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Departments of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kanegane
- Child Health and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Zeng T, Lv G, Chen X, Yang L, Zhou L, Dou Y, Tang X, Yang J, An Y, Zhao X. CD8 + T-cell senescence and skewed lymphocyte subsets in young Dyskeratosis Congenita patients with PARN and DKC1 mutations. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23375. [PMID: 32452087 PMCID: PMC7521304 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a syndrome resulting from defective telomere maintenance. Immunodeficiency associated with DC can cause significant morbidity and lead to premature mortality, but the immunological characteristics and molecular hallmark of DC patients, especially young patients, have not been described in detail. METHODS We summarize the clinical data of two juvenile patients with DC. Gene mutations were identified by whole-exome and direct sequencing. Swiss-PdbViewer was used to predict the pathogenicity of identified mutations. The relative telomere length was determined by QPCR, and a comprehensive analysis of lymphocyte subsets and CD57 expression was performed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Both patients showed typical features of DC without severe infection. In addition, patient 1 (P1) was diagnosed with Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome due to cerebellar hypoplasia. Gene sequencing showed P1 had a compound heterozygous mutation (c.204G > T and c.178-245del) in PARN and P2 had a novel hemizygous mutation in DKC1 (c.1051A > G). Lymphocyte subset analysis showed B and NK cytopenia, an inverted CD4:CD8 ratio, and decreased naïve CD4 and CD8 cells. A significant increase in CD21low B cells and skewed numbers of helper T cells (Th), regulatory T cells (Treg), follicular regulatory T cells (Tfr), and follicular helper T cells (Tfh) were also detected. Short telomere lengths, increased CD57 expression, and an expansion of CD8 effector memory T cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA) were also found in both patients. CONCLUSION Unique immunologic abnormalities, CD8 T-cell senescence, and shortened telomere together as a hallmark occur in young DC patients before progression to severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zeng
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ge Lv
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lu Yang
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lina Zhou
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ying Dou
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Hematology and OncologyChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jun Yang
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyShenzhen Children's HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Yunfei An
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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5
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Mangaonkar AA, Patnaik MM. Hereditary Predisposition to Hematopoietic Neoplasms: When Bloodline Matters for Blood Cancers. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:1482-1498. [PMID: 32571604 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of precision genomics, hereditary predisposition to hematopoietic neoplasms- collectively known as hereditary predisposition syndromes (HPS)-are being increasingly recognized in clinical practice. Familial clustering was first observed in patients with leukemia, which led to the identification of several germline variants, such as RUNX1, CEBPA, GATA2, ANKRD26, DDX41, and ETV6, among others, now established as HPS, with tendency to develop myeloid neoplasms. However, evidence for hereditary predisposition is also apparent in lymphoid and plasma--cell neoplasms, with recent discoveries of germline variants in genes such as IKZF1, SH2B3, PAX5 (familial acute lymphoblastic leukemia), and KDM1A/LSD1 (familial multiple myeloma). Specific inherited bone marrow failure syndromes-such as GATA2 haploinsufficiency syndromes, short telomere syndromes, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, severe congenital neutropenia, and familial thrombocytopenias-also have an increased predisposition to develop myeloid neoplasms, whereas inherited immune deficiency syndromes, such as ataxia-telangiectasia, Bloom syndrome, Wiskott Aldrich syndrome, and Bruton agammaglobulinemia, are associated with an increased risk for lymphoid neoplasms. Timely recognition of HPS is critical to ensure safe choice of donors and/or conditioning-regimen intensity for allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and to enable direction of appropriate genomics-driven personalized therapies. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of HPS and serve as a useful reference for clinicians to recognize relevant signs and symptoms among patients to enable timely screening and referrals to pursue germline assessment. In addition, we also discuss our institutional approach toward identification of HPS and offer a stepwise diagnostic and management algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mrinal M Patnaik
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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6
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Vakkilainen S, Taskinen M, Mäkitie O. Immunodeficiency in cartilage-hair hypoplasia: Pathogenesis, clinical course and management. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12913. [PMID: 32506568 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is an autosomal recessive syndromic immunodeficiency with skeletal dysplasia, short stature, hypotrichosis, variable degree of immune dysfunction and increased incidence of anaemia, Hirschsprung disease and malignancy. CHH is caused by variants in the RMRP gene, encoding the untranslated RNA molecule of the mitochondrial RNA-processing endoribonuclease, which participates in for example cell cycle regulation and telomere maintenance. Recent studies have expanded our understanding of the complex pathogenesis of CHH. Immune dysfunction has a major impact on clinical course and prognosis. Clinical features of immune dysfunction are highly variable, progressive and include infections, lung disease, immune dysregulation and malignancy. Mortality is increased compared with the general population, due to infections, malignancy and pulmonary disease. Several risk factors for early mortality have been reported in the Finnish CHH cohort and can be used to guide management. Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency can possibly be of prognostic value in CHH. Regular follow-up by a multidisciplinary team should be implemented to address immune dysfunction in all patients with CHH, also in asymptomatic cases. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation can cure immune dysfunction, but its benefits in mildly symptomatic patients with CHH remain debatable. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind the variability of clinical features, to search for potential molecular treatment targets, to examine and validate risk factors for early mortality outside the Finnish CHH cohort and to develop management guidelines. This review focuses on the pathogenesis, clinical course and management of CHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Vakkilainen
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Taskinen
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Seki T, Yamagata H, Uchida S, Chen C, Kobayashi A, Kobayashi M, Harada K, Matsuo K, Watanabe Y, Nakagawa S. Altered expression of long noncoding RNAs in patients with major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 117:92-99. [PMID: 31351391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, its pathophysiology is poorly understood. Increasing evidence suggests that aberrant regulation of transcription plays a key role in the pathophysiology of MDD. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recognized for their important functions in chromatin structure, gene expression, and the subsequent manifestation of various biological processes in the central nervous system. However, it is unclear whether the aberrant expression and function of lncRNAs are associated with the pathophysiology of MDD. In this study, we sought to evaluate the expression of lncRNAs in peripheral blood leukocytes as potential biomarkers for MDD. We measured the expression levels of 83 lncRNAs in the peripheral blood leukocytes of 29 MDD patients and 29 age- and gender-matched healthy controls using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis. We found that MDD patients exhibited distinct expression signatures. Specifically, the expression level of one lncRNA (RMRP) was lower while the levels of four (Y5, MER11C, PCAT1, and PCAT29) were higher in MDD patients compared to healthy controls. The expression level of RMRP was correlated with depression severity as measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Moreover, RMRP expression was lower in a mouse model of depression, corroborating the observation from MDD patients. Taken together, our data suggest that lower RMRP levels may serve as a potential biomarker for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Seki
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Yamagata
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Shusaku Uchida
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Chong Chen
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kobayashi
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kobayashi
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Harada
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Watanabe
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shin Nakagawa
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
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8
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Patrick M, Weng NP. Expression and regulation of telomerase in human T cell differentiation, activation, aging and diseases. Cell Immunol 2019; 345:103989. [PMID: 31558266 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.103989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are essential for chromosomal integrity. Telomere shortening during cell division restricts cellular proliferative capacity and leads to cellular senescence when critically shortened telomere lengths are reached. Similar to hematopoietic stem cells, T cells can upregulate telomerase activity to compensate for telomere loss incurred during proliferation in response to engagement of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) or exposure to homeostatic cytokines. However, this compensation for telomere loss by telomerase in T cells is imperfect or limited, as shortening of T cell telomeres is observed in human aging and during in vitro longterm culture. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the expression and regulation of telomerase in human T cells and changes of telomerase expression during development, activation, differentiation, aging and disease conditions. In conclusion, we discuss how controlled enhancement of telomerase activity could be a potential strategy to improve T cell function in the elderly and in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Patrick
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Nan-Ping Weng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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9
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Vakkilainen S, Taskinen M, Klemetti P, Pukkala E, Mäkitie O. A 30-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study Reveals Risk Factors for Early Death in Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1581. [PMID: 31379817 PMCID: PMC6646460 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a skeletal dysplasia with combined immunodeficiency, variable clinical course and increased risk of malignancy. Management of CHH is complicated by a paucity of long-term follow-up data, as well as knowledge on prognostic factors. We assessed clinical course and risk factors for mortality in a prospective cohort study of 80 patients with CHH recruited in 1985-1991 and followed up until 2016. For all patients we collected additional health information from health records and from the national Medical Databases and Cause-of-death Registry. The primary outcome was immunodeficiency-related death, including death from infections, lung disease and malignancy. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated using national mortality rates as reference. Half of the patients (57%, n = 46) manifested no symptoms of immunodeficiency during follow-up while 19% (n = 15) and 24% (n = 19) demonstrated symptoms of humoral or combined immunodeficiency, including six cases of adult-onset immunodeficiency. In a significant proportion of patients (17/79, 22%), clinical features of immunodeficiency progressed over time. Of the 15 patients with non-skin cancer, eight had no preceding clinical symptoms of immunodeficiency. Altogether 20 patients had deceased (SMR = 7.0, 95%CI = 4.3-11); most commonly from malignancy (n = 7, SMR = 10, 95%CI = 4.1-21) and lung disease (n = 4, SMR = 46, 95%CI = 9.5-130). Mortality associated with birth length below -4 standard deviation (compared to normal, SMR/SMR ratio = 5.4, 95%CI = 1.5-20), symptoms of combined immunodeficiency (compared to asymptomatic, SMR/SMR ratio = 3.9, 95%CI = 1.3-11), Hirschsprung disease (odds ratio (OR) 7.2, 95%CI = 1.04-55), pneumonia in the first year of life or recurrently in adulthood (OR = 7.6/19, 95%CI = 1.3-43/2.6-140) and autoimmunity in adulthood (OR = 39, 95%CI = 3.5-430). In conclusion, patients with CHH may develop adult-onset immunodeficiency or malignancy without preceding clinical symptoms of immune defect, warranting careful follow-up. Variable disease course and risk factors for mortality should be acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Vakkilainen
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Taskinen
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Klemetti
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Vakkilainen S, Mäkitie R, Klemetti P, Valta H, Taskinen M, Husebye ES, Mäkitie O. A Wide Spectrum of Autoimmune Manifestations and Other Symptoms Suggesting Immune Dysregulation in Patients With Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2468. [PMID: 30410491 PMCID: PMC6209636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mutations in RMRP, encoding a non-coding RNA molecule, underlie cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH), a syndromic immunodeficiency with multiple pathogenetic mechanisms and variable phenotype. Allergy and asthma have been reported in the CHH population and some patients suffer from autoimmune (AI) diseases. Objective: We explored AI and allergic manifestations in a large cohort of Finnish patients with CHH and correlated clinical features with laboratory parameters and autoantibodies. Methods: We collected clinical and laboratory data from patient interviews and hospital records. Serum samples were tested for a range of autoantibodies including celiac, anti-cytokine, and anti-21-hydroxylase antibodies. Nasal cytology samples were analyzed with microscopy. Results: The study cohort included 104 patients with genetically confirmed CHH; their median age was 39.2 years (range 0.6–73.6). Clinical autoimmunity was common (11/104, 10.6%) and included conditions previously undescribed in subjects with CHH (narcolepsy, psoriasis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and multifocal motor axonal neuropathy). Patients with autoimmunity more often had recurrent pneumonia, sepsis, high immunoglobulin (Ig) E and/or undetectable IgA levels. The mortality rates were higher in subjects with AI diseases (χ(2)2 = 14.056, p = 0.0002). Several patients demonstrated serum autoantibody positivity without compatible symptoms. We confirmed the high prevalence of asthma (23%) and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (39%). Gastrointestinal complaints, mostly persistent diarrhea, were also frequently reported (32/104, 31%). Despite the history of allergic rhinitis, no eosinophils were observed in nasal cytology in five tested patients. Conclusions: AI diseases are common in Finnish patients with CHH and are associated with higher mortality, recurrent pneumonia, sepsis, high IgE and/or undetectable IgA levels. Serum positivity for some autoantibodies was not associated with clinical autoimmunity. The high prevalence of persistent diarrhea, asthma, and symptoms of inflammation of nasal mucosa may indicate common pathways of immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Vakkilainen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Klemetti
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Valta
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Taskinen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eystein Sverre Husebye
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chinen J, Cowan MJ. Advances and highlights in primary immunodeficiencies in 2017. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1041-51. [PMID: 30170128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript reviews selected topics in primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDDs) published in 2017. These include (1) the role of follicular T cells in the differentiation of B cells and development of optimal antibody responses; (2) impaired nuclear factor κB subunit 1 signaling in the pathogenesis of common variable immunodeficiency, revealing an association between impaired B-cell maturation and development of inflammatory conditions; (3) autoimmune and inflammatory manifestations in patients with PIDDs in T- and B-cell deficiencies, as well as in neutrophil disorders; (4) newly described gene defects causing PIDDs, including exostosin-like 3 (EXTL3), TNF-α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3 [A20]), actin-related protein 2/3 complex-subunit 1B (ARPC1B), v-Rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA), hypoxia upregulated 1 (HYOU1), BTB domain and CNC homolog 2 (BACH2), CD70, and CD55; (5) use of rapamycin and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor leniolisib to reduce autoimmunity and regulate B-cell function in the activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ syndrome; (6) improved outcomes in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in the last decade, with an overall 2-year survival of 90% in part caused by early diagnosis through implementation of universal newborn screening; (7) demonstration of the efficacy of lentiviral vector-mediated gene therapy for patients with adenosine deaminase-deficient SCID; (8) the promise of gene editing for PIDDs using CRISPR/Cas9 and zinc finger nuclease technology for SCID and chronic granulomatous disease; and (9) the efficacy of thymus transplantation in Europe, although associated with an unexpected high incidence of autoimmunity. The remarkable progress in the understanding and management of PIDDs reflects the current interest in this area and continues to improve the care of immunodeficient patients.
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Ma WX, Huang XG, Yang TK, Yao JY. Involvement of dysregulated coding and long non‑coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of strabismus. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7737-7745. [PMID: 29620205 PMCID: PMC5983965 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Strabismus is a common ocular disorder in children and may result in exterior abnormalities and impaired visual functions. However, the detailed pathogenesis of strabismus unclear. The present study assessed the comprehensive analyses on the roles of RNAs in the development of strabismus. The public datasets of strabismus and the corresponding control tissues were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Reannotations of the dysregulated coding and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and functional enrichments of the differently expressed genes (DEGs) were conducted. A total of 790 DEGs were screened (648 upregulated and 142 downregulated) in the present study. Among the DEGs, a total of 32 differently expressed lncRNAs were detected (14 upregulated and 18 downregulated). When the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment was considered, it was identified that a total of 143 GO terms (82 for biological process, 31 for cellular component and 30 for molecular function) were identified. Among all the 57 detected Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, the phagosome pathway, which was labeled as hsa004145, demonstrated the most bioinformatics importance. However, most lncRNAs, except LINC01279 and LOC643733, indicated <3 target mRNAs and were not suitable for advanced bioinformatics analyses. Bioinformatics analyses demonstrated that there was a GO term for each lncRNA (proteinaceous extracellular for LINC01279 and cell surface for LOC643733). In conclusion, a set of coding RNA as well as lncRNAs differentially expressed in strabismus EOM samples were indicated. Notably, the present findings important information for advanced pathogenesis research and biomarkers detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiu Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Gang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Ke Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yan Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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Abstract
Recent studies show that nuclear RNase P is linked to chromatin structure and function. Thus, variants of this ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex bind to chromatin of small noncoding RNA genes; integrate into initiation complexes of RNA polymerase (Pol) III; repress histone H3.3 nucleosome deposition; control tRNA and PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) gene clusters for genome defense; and respond to Werner syndrome helicase (WRN)-related replication stress and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Likewise, the related RNase MRP and RMRP-TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) are implicated in RNA-dependent RNA polymerization for chromatin silencing, whereas the telomerase carries out RNA-dependent DNA polymerization for telomere lengthening. Remarkably, the four RNPs share several protein subunits, including two Alba-like chromatin proteins that possess DEAD-like and ATPase motifs found in chromatin modifiers and remodelers. Based on available data, RNase P and related RNPs act in transition processes of DNA to RNA and vice versa and connect these processes to genome preservation, including replication, DNA repair, and chromatin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayef Jarrous
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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